Polenum
Overview
Sezione intitolata “Overview”Polenum is a Python-based security tool that extracts password policies and domain information from Windows domain controllers via RPC (Remote Procedure Call) protocol. It can query password complexity requirements, lockout policies, and other security settings without requiring valid domain credentials, making it essential for security assessments and penetration tests targeting Active Directory environments.
Installation
Sezione intitolata “Installation”Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
Sezione intitolata “Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)”sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip
pip3 install polenum
From Source (Impacket Required)
Sezione intitolata “From Source (Impacket Required)”git clone https://github.com/Wh1t3Fox/polenum.git
cd polenum
pip3 install impacket
python3 polenum.py
Install Dependencies
Sezione intitolata “Install Dependencies”pip3 install impacket
pip3 install pycrypto
pip3 install pycryptodome
Verify Installation
Sezione intitolata “Verify Installation”python3 polenum.py --version
python3 polenum.py --help
Core Concepts
Sezione intitolata “Core Concepts”RPC Protocol
Sezione intitolata “RPC Protocol”Polenum uses RPC to communicate with domain controllers without authentication, exploiting the information disclosure inherent in Active Directory.
Password Policy Fields
Sezione intitolata “Password Policy Fields”- Minimum Password Length: Minimum characters required
- Password History: Number of previous passwords remembered
- Maximum Password Age: Days before password expiration
- Minimum Password Age: Minimum days between password changes
- Password Complexity: Requirement for uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols
- Account Lockout Threshold: Failed login attempts before lockout
- Account Lockout Duration: Minutes account remains locked
- Account Lockout Observation Window: Reset period for failed login counter
Domain Information Extracted
Sezione intitolata “Domain Information Extracted”- Domain name
- Forest name
- Domain functional level
- Trust relationships
- Default domain policy
- Password complexity requirements
- Kerberos settings
Basic Commands
Sezione intitolata “Basic Commands”Query Single Domain Controller
Sezione intitolata “Query Single Domain Controller”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com
python3 polenum.py 192.168.1.10
Query with Target Specification
Sezione intitolata “Query with Target Specification”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -t 192.168.1.100
Query Specific User Account
Sezione intitolata “Query Specific User Account”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -U username
List Domain Controllers
Sezione intitolata “List Domain Controllers”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -l
Common Usage Patterns
Sezione intitolata “Common Usage Patterns”| Command | Description |
|---|---|
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | Query domain password policy |
python3 polenum.py 192.168.1.10 | Query DC by IP address |
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -t DC_IP | Target specific DC |
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -U admin | Query user account info |
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -l | List domain information |
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com -o output.txt | Save results to file |
Password Policy Enumeration
Sezione intitolata “Password Policy Enumeration”Basic Policy Query
Sezione intitolata “Basic Policy Query”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.local
Verbose Output
Sezione intitolata “Verbose Output”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -v
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.local -vv
Query Specific DC
Sezione intitolata “Query Specific DC”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -t domain-controller.domain.com
Output Results to File
Sezione intitolata “Output Results to File”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com > policy_output.txt
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.local -o domain_policy.txt
Domain Enumeration
Sezione intitolata “Domain Enumeration”Query Domain Information
Sezione intitolata “Query Domain Information”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com
Get DC List
Sezione intitolata “Get DC List”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -l
Enumerate Trust Relationships
Sezione intitolata “Enumerate Trust Relationships”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com --trusts
Query User Information
Sezione intitolata “Query User Information”python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -U username
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -U "domain\username"
Advanced Techniques
Sezione intitolata “Advanced Techniques”Query Multiple Domains
Sezione intitolata “Query Multiple Domains”for domain in domain1.com domain2.com domain3.com; do
python3 polenum.py $domain >> all_policies.txt
done
Extract Kerberos Settings
Sezione intitolata “Extract Kerberos Settings”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i kerberos
Find Weak Password Policies
Sezione intitolata “Find Weak Password Policies”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i "minimum password length"
Query with Network Range
Sezione intitolata “Query with Network Range”for ip in 192.168.1.{10..20}; do
python3 polenum.py $ip 2>/dev/null
done
Policy Analysis
Sezione intitolata “Policy Analysis”Parsing Policy Output
Sezione intitolata “Parsing Policy Output”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -A 5 "Password Policy"
Extract Specific Policy Fields
Sezione intitolata “Extract Specific Policy Fields”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep "Password required"
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep "Lockout"
Generate Policy Report
Sezione intitolata “Generate Policy Report”echo "=== Domain Password Policies ===" > report.txt
python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com >> report.txt
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -t DC2 >> report.txt
Security Assessment Scenarios
Sezione intitolata “Security Assessment Scenarios”Multi-Domain Assessment
Sezione intitolata “Multi-Domain Assessment”#!/bin/bash
DOMAINS=("DOMAIN1.com" "DOMAIN2.com" "DOMAIN3.local")
for domain in "${DOMAINS[@]}"; do
echo "=== Querying $domain ===" >> assessment_report.txt
python3 polenum.py $domain >> assessment_report.txt
echo "" >> assessment_report.txt
done
Find Weak Password Requirements
Sezione intitolata “Find Weak Password Requirements”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i "minimum password length" | awk '{print $NF}'
Check Default Policies
Sezione intitolata “Check Default Policies”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i "default\|standard\|minimum"
Account Lockout Assessment
Sezione intitolata “Account Lockout Assessment”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i "lockout"
Troubleshooting
Sezione intitolata “Troubleshooting”Connection Refused
Sezione intitolata “Connection Refused”# Ensure network connectivity to DC
ping domain-controller.domain.com
# Verify RPC port 135 is accessible
nmap -p 135 192.168.1.10
DNS Resolution Issues
Sezione intitolata “DNS Resolution Issues”# Specify DC by IP instead of hostname
python3 polenum.py 192.168.1.10
# Add domain to hosts file
echo "192.168.1.10 domain.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
RPC Protocol Errors
Sezione intitolata “RPC Protocol Errors”# Try different RPC binding
python3 polenum.py -u DOMAIN.com -t DC_IP --rpc-port 135
Timeout Issues
Sezione intitolata “Timeout Issues”# Increase timeout
timeout 60 python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com
Output Examples
Sezione intitolata “Output Examples”Standard Policy Output
Sezione intitolata “Standard Policy Output”[+] Attempting to connect to 192.168.1.10
[+] Successfully connected to domain.local
[+] Domain Admins: domain\Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-xxx)
[+] Domain Users: domain\Domain Users (S-1-5-21-xxx)
Password Policy:
Complexity: Enabled
Minimum Length: 8
History: 5 previous passwords
Maximum Age: 90 days
Minimum Age: 1 day
Lockout Threshold: 5 attempts
Lockout Duration: 30 minutes
Domain Trust Information
Sezione intitolata “Domain Trust Information”[+] Trust Relationships Found:
DOMAIN.local (Parent)
CHILD.local (Child)
EXTERNAL.com (External)
Integration with Other Tools
Sezione intitolata “Integration with Other Tools”Export to JSON
Sezione intitolata “Export to JSON”python3 -c "
import json
# Parse polenum output and convert to JSON
policy_data = {
'domain': 'DOMAIN.com',
'min_length': 8,
'complexity': True,
'lockout_threshold': 5
}
print(json.dumps(policy_data, indent=2))
"
Feed to Password Attack Tools
Sezione intitolata “Feed to Password Attack Tools”# Use minimum password length to optimize wordlist generation
MIN_LEN=$(python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com | grep -i "minimum length" | awk '{print $NF}')
echo "Target minimum password length: $MIN_LEN"
Document Assessment Findings
Sezione intitolata “Document Assessment Findings”python3 polenum.py DOMAIN.com > domain_policy_$(date +%Y%m%d).txt
Best Practices
Sezione intitolata “Best Practices”- Obtain Authorization: Ensure written permission before enumeration
- Document Findings: Record all policy findings for reporting
- Compare Baselines: Track policy changes across assessments
- Risk Assessment: Identify weak policies vs. organizational standards
- Recommendation Mapping: Map findings to security benchmarks (CIS, NIST)
- Multiple Targets: Query multiple DCs to identify policy variations
- Time Stamps: Log when enumeration was performed
- Network Segmentation: Ensure assessment system has proper network access
Remediation Recommendations
Sezione intitolata “Remediation Recommendations”Strong Password Requirements
Sezione intitolata “Strong Password Requirements”Minimum Length: 14+ characters
Complexity: Enabled (uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols)
History: 5-12 previous passwords
Maximum Age: 60-90 days
Account Lockout Configuration
Sezione intitolata “Account Lockout Configuration”Threshold: 5 failed attempts
Duration: 30 minutes minimum
Observation Window: 30 minutes
Security Baseline Mapping
Sezione intitolata “Security Baseline Mapping”- CIS Benchmark: Password policy settings
- NIST SP 800-63B: Digital identity guidelines
- Windows Security Baseline: Default secure configurations
Related Tools
Sezione intitolata “Related Tools”- Enum4Linux: Linux enumeration tool for Windows domains
- ADRecon: Active Directory reconnaissance tool
- Bloodhound: AD data visualization and analysis
- Impacket: Network protocol suite for Python
- Crackmapexec: Multi-protocol credential validation
- Ldapsearch: LDAP directory search tool