Foglio di Riferimento Wapiti

Panoramica

Wapiti è uno scanner di vulnerabilità di applicazioni web che esegue test di tipo black-box. Esegue il crawling delle pagine web e cerca script e form dove può iniettare dati. Una volta ottenuto l’elenco di URL, form e relativi input, Wapiti agisce come un fuzzer, iniettando payload per verificare se uno script è vulnerabile. Wapiti può rilevare varie vulnerabilità tra cui SQL injection, XSS, inclusione di file, esecuzione di comandi e altro ancora.

⚠️ Avvertenza: Usa Wapiti solo su applicazioni di tua proprietà o per le quali hai un esplicito permesso di test. Test non autorizzati possono violare termini di servizio o leggi locali.

Installazione

Installazione Pacchetto Python

# Install via pip
pip install wapiti3

# Install with all dependencies
pip install wapiti3[complete]

# Install development version
pip install git+https://github.com/wapiti-scanner/wapiti.git

# Verify installation
wapiti --version

Installazione Pacchetto di Sistema

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wapiti

# CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
sudo yum install wapiti
# or
sudo dnf install wapiti

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S wapiti

# macOS with Homebrew
brew install wapiti

Installazione Docker

# Pull Docker image
docker pull wapiti/wapiti:latest

# Run with Docker
docker run --rm -it wapiti/wapiti:latest --help

# Create alias for easier usage
echo 'alias wapiti="docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/data wapiti/wapiti:latest"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Installazione Manuale

# Clone repository
git clone https://github.com/wapiti-scanner/wapiti.git
cd wapiti

# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Install
python setup.py install

# Or run directly
python wapiti.py --help

Utilizzo Base

Scansione Semplice di Vulnerabilità

# Basic scan
wapiti -u http://target.com

# Scan with specific modules
wapiti -u http://target.com -m sql,xss,file

# Scan with all modules
wapiti -u http://target.com -m all

# Verbose scan
wapiti -u http://target.com -v 2

# Quiet scan
wapiti -u http://target.com -q

Opzioni di Crawling

# Set crawling depth
wapiti -u http://target.com --depth 3

# Set maximum pages to crawl
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-pages 100

# Set crawling scope
wapiti -u http://target.com --scope domain

# Include/exclude specific paths
wapiti -u http://target.com --skip-crawl "/admin,/test"

# Follow external links
wapiti -u http://target.com --scope url

Autenticazione

# Basic authentication
wapiti -u http://target.com --auth-user admin --auth-password secret

# Cookie-based authentication
wapiti -u http://target.com --cookie "PHPSESSID=abc123; auth=true"

# Custom headers
wapiti -u http://target.com --headers "Authorization: Bearer token123"

# Login form authentication
wapiti -u http://target.com --auth-method form --auth-url http://target.com/login --auth-user admin --auth-password secret

Moduli di Vulnerabilità

Moduli Disponibili

# List all available modules
wapiti --list-modules

# SQL injection detection
wapiti -u http://target.com -m sql

# Cross-site scripting (XSS)
wapiti -u http://target.com -m xss

# File inclusion vulnerabilities
wapiti -u http://target.com -m file

# Command execution
wapiti -u http://target.com -m exec

# Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
wapiti -u http://target.com -m csrf

# Server-side request forgery (SSRF)
wapiti -u http://target.com -m ssrf

# XML external entity (XXE)
wapiti -u http://target.com -m xxe

# Backup file detection
wapiti -u http://target.com -m backup

# Directory traversal
wapiti -u http://target.com -m traversal

# HTTP security headers
wapiti -u http://target.com -m headers

Scansioni Specifiche per Modulo

# Comprehensive SQL injection scan
wapiti -u http://target.com -m sql --level 2

# XSS with custom payloads
wapiti -u http://target.com -m xss --payload-file xss_payloads.txt

# File inclusion with time delay
wapiti -u http://target.com -m file --timeout 10

# Command execution with specific OS
wapiti -u http://target.com -m exec --os linux

# Multiple modules
wapiti -u http://target.com -m "sql,xss,file,exec"

Configurazione Avanzata

Impostazioni Proxy e di Rete

# Use HTTP proxy
wapiti -u http://target.com --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080

# Use SOCKS proxy
wapiti -u http://target.com --proxy socks5://127.0.0.1:9050

# Set timeout
wapiti -u http://target.com --timeout 30

# Set delay between requests
wapiti -u http://target.com --delay 2

# Set user agent
wapiti -u http://target.com --user-agent "Custom Scanner 1.0"

# Ignore SSL certificate errors
wapiti -u https://target.com --verify-ssl 0

Configurazione Crawling

# Set maximum crawling time
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-scan-time 3600

# Set maximum parameters per page
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-parameters 20

# Set maximum attack time per URL
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-attack-time 300

# Exclude specific file types
wapiti -u http://target.com --exclude "*.pdf,*.jpg,*.png"

# Include only specific file types
wapiti -u http://target.com --include "*.php,*.asp,*.jsp"

# Set crawling rules
wapiti -u http://target.com --crawl-rules "follow_redirects,parse_robots"

Output e Reporting

# Generate HTML report
wapiti -u http://target.com -f html -o /tmp/wapiti_report.html

# Generate XML report
wapiti -u http://target.com -f xml -o /tmp/wapiti_report.xml

# Generate JSON report
wapiti -u http://target.com -f json -o /tmp/wapiti_report.json

# Generate TXT report
wapiti -u http://target.com -f txt -o /tmp/wapiti_report.txt

# Multiple output formats
wapiti -u http://target.com -f html,xml,json -o /tmp/wapiti_report

Scansione Specializzata

Test API

# Scan REST API
wapiti -u http://api.target.com/v1 --scope domain -m "sql,xss,xxe"

# Scan with API authentication
wapiti -u http://api.target.com/v1 --headers "Authorization: Bearer token123" -m all

# Scan GraphQL endpoints
wapiti -u http://target.com/graphql -m "sql,xss" --level 2

# Scan with custom content type
wapiti -u http://api.target.com/v1 --headers "Content-Type: application/json" -m all

Test Basato su Form

# Focus on forms only
wapiti -u http://target.com --attack-forms-only

# Skip GET parameters
wapiti -u http://target.com --skip-get-params

# Test specific form fields
wapiti -u http://target.com --form-data "username=admin&password=test"

# Upload file testing
wapiti -u http://target.com --upload-dir /tmp/uploads -m file

Gestione Sessione

# Use session file
wapiti -u http://target.com --session-file session.json

# Save session for later use
wapiti -u http://target.com --save-session session.json

# Resume previous scan
wapiti -u http://target.com --resume-session session.json

# Clear session data
wapiti -u http://target.com --clear-session

Payload e Regole Personalizzate

File Payload Personalizzati

# Create custom SQL injection payloads
cat > sql_payloads.txt << 'EOF'
' OR '1'='1
' UNION SELECT NULL--
'; DROP TABLE users--
' AND SLEEP(5)--
' OR 1=1#
EOF

# Use custom payloads
wapiti -u http://target.com -m sql --payload-file sql_payloads.txt

# Create custom XSS payloads
cat > xss_payloads.txt << 'EOF'
<script>alert('XSS')</script>
<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>
javascript:alert('XSS')
<svg onload=alert('XSS')>
EOF

wapiti -u http://target.com -m xss --payload-file xss_payloads.txt

File di Configurazione

# Create configuration file
cat > wapiti.conf << 'EOF'
[general]
timeout = 30
delay = 1
max_pages = 200
max_scan_time = 7200

[crawling]
depth = 3
scope = domain
follow_redirects = true

[modules]
sql = true
xss = true
file = true
exec = false
csrf = true

[output]
format = html,json
output_dir = /tmp/wapiti_reports
EOF

# Use configuration file
wapiti -u http://target.com --config wapiti.conf

Moduli di Attacco Personalizzati

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Custom Wapiti module example

from wapitiCore.attack.attack import Attack
from wapitiCore.language.vulnerability import Vulnerability

class CustomAttack(Attack):
    """Custom attack module for Wapiti"""

    name = "custom"
    description = "Custom vulnerability detection"

    def __init__(self, crawler, persister, logger, attack_options):
        super().__init__(crawler, persister, logger, attack_options)
        self.payloads = [
            "custom_payload_1",
            "custom_payload_2",
            "custom_payload_3"
        ]

    def attack(self, http_res):
        """Main attack method"""
        url = http_res.url

        for payload in self.payloads:
            # Inject payload and test response
            test_url = f"\\\\{url\\\\}?test=\\\\{payload\\\\}"

            try:
                response = self.crawler.get(test_url)

                if self.is_vulnerable(response):
                    vuln = Vulnerability(
                        category="Custom Vulnerability",
                        level=Vulnerability.HIGH_LEVEL,
                        request=response.http_request,
                        info="Custom vulnerability detected"
                    )
                    self.add_vuln(vuln)

            except Exception as e:
                self.logger.error(f"Error testing \\\\{test_url\\\\}: \\\\{e\\\\}")

    def is_vulnerable(self, response):
        """Check if response indicates vulnerability"""
        indicators = ["error", "exception", "debug"]
        return any(indicator in response.content.lower() for indicator in indicators)

Script di Automazione

Script di Scansione Completa

The translation preserves the markdown formatting, keeps technical terms in English, and maintains the overall structure of the original text.```bash #!/bin/bash

Comprehensive web application security scan

TARGET=“$1” OUTPUT_DIR=“wapiti_scan_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)”

if [ -z “$TARGET” ]; then echo “Usage: $0 <target_url>” exit 1 fi

mkdir -p “$OUTPUT_DIR”

echo ”[+] Starting comprehensive scan for: $TARGET”

Basic vulnerability scan

echo ”[+] Running basic vulnerability scan…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m “sql,xss,file,exec,csrf,ssrf”
-f html,json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/basic_scan”
—level 2
—timeout 30
—max-pages 500

Deep SQL injection scan

echo ”[+] Running deep SQL injection scan…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m sql
-f json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/sql_scan.json”
—level 3
—timeout 60

XSS focused scan

echo ”[+] Running XSS focused scan…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m xss
-f json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/xss_scan.json”
—level 2
—timeout 30

File inclusion scan

echo ”[+] Running file inclusion scan…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m file
-f json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/file_scan.json”
—level 2

Backup file detection

echo ”[+] Running backup file detection…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m backup
-f json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/backup_scan.json”

Security headers check

echo ”[+] Checking security headers…” wapiti -u “$TARGET”
-m headers
-f json
-o “$OUTPUT_DIR/headers_scan.json”

echo ”[+] Scan completed. Results saved to: $OUTPUT_DIR”

Generate summary

python3 “<< EOF import json import os from collections import defaultdict

results_dir = “$OUTPUT_DIR” vulnerabilities = defaultdict(list)

for filename in os.listdir(results_dir): if filename.endswith(‘.json’): filepath = os.path.join(results_dir, filename) try: with open(filepath, ‘r’) as f: data = json.load(f) if ‘vulnerabilities’ in data: for vuln in data[‘vulnerabilities’]: vuln_type = vuln.get(‘type’, ‘Unknown’) vulnerabilities[vuln_type].append(vuln) except Exception as e: print(f”Error processing \{filename\}: \{e\}”)

print(“\n=== VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ===”) total_vulns = 0 for vuln_type, vulns in vulnerabilities.items(): count = len(vulns) total_vulns += count print(f”\{vuln_type\}: \{count\}”)

print(f”\nTotal vulnerabilities found: \{total_vulns\}“)

Save summary

summary = \{ ‘total_vulnerabilities’: total_vulns, ‘by_type’: \{k: len(v) for k, v in vulnerabilities.items()\} \}

with open(os.path.join(results_dir, ‘summary.json’), ‘w’) as f: json.dump(summary, f, indent=2) EOF

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# Continuous web application monitoring

CONFIG_FILE="monitor_config.conf"
LOG_FILE="wapiti_monitor.log"

# Configuration
TARGETS=(
    "https://app1.example.com"
    "https://app2.example.com"
    "https://api.example.com"
)

SCAN_INTERVAL=86400  # 24 hours
ALERT_EMAIL="security@example.com"

log_message() \\\{
    echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1"|tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
\\\}

send_alert() \\\{
    local target="$1"
    local vuln_count="$2"
    local report_file="$3"

    if [ "$vuln_count" -gt 0 ]; then
        log_message "ALERT: $vuln_count vulnerabilities found in $target"

        # Send email alert (requires mail command)
        if command -v mail >``/dev/null 2>&1; then
            echo "Wapiti scan found $vuln_count vulnerabilities in $target. See attached report."|\
                mail -s "Security Alert: Vulnerabilities Detected" -A "$report_file" "$ALERT_EMAIL"
        fi
    fi
\\\\}

scan_target() \\\\{
    local target="$1"
    local timestamp=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
    local output_dir="monitor_$\\\\{timestamp\\\\}"
    local report_file="$\\\\{output_dir\\\\}/scan_report.json"

    log_message "Starting scan for: $target"

    mkdir -p "$output_dir"

    # Run Wapiti scan
    wapiti -u "$target" \
        -m "sql,xss,file,exec,csrf" \
        -f json \
        -o "$report_file" \
        --timeout 30 \
        --max-pages 200 \
        --level 1 \
        2>>"$LOG_FILE"

    if [ -f "$report_file" ]; then
        # Count vulnerabilities
        vuln_count=$(python3 -c "
import json
try:
    with open('$report_file', 'r') as f:
        data = json.load(f)
        print(len(data.get('vulnerabilities', [])))
except:
    print(0)
")

        log_message "Scan completed for $target. Found $vuln_count vulnerabilities."
        send_alert "$target" "$vuln_count" "$report_file"

        # Cleanup old reports (keep last 10)
        ls -t monitor_*/scan_report.json 2>/dev/null|tail -n +11|xargs rm -f 2>/dev/null

    else
        log_message "ERROR: Scan failed for $target"
    fi
\\\\}

# Main monitoring loop
while true; do
    log_message "Starting monitoring cycle"

    for target in "$\\\\{TARGETS[@]\\\\}"; do
        scan_target "$target"
        sleep 60  # Wait between targets
    done

    log_message "Monitoring cycle completed. Sleeping for $SCAN_INTERVAL seconds."
    sleep "$SCAN_INTERVAL"
done
```### Script di Integrazione CI/CD
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# CI/CD pipeline integration script

set -e

TARGET_URL="$1"
FAIL_ON_VULN="$\\\\{2:-true\\\\}"
OUTPUT_DIR="wapiti_ci_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"

if [ -z "$TARGET_URL" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <target_url> [fail_on_vulnerabilities]"
    exit 1
fi

mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"

echo "Starting security scan for: $TARGET_URL"

# Run Wapiti scan
wapiti -u "$TARGET_URL" \
    -m "sql,xss,file,exec,csrf" \
    -f json,html \
    -o "$OUTPUT_DIR/security_scan" \
    --timeout 30 \
    --max-pages 100 \
    --level 1

# Process results
REPORT_FILE="$OUTPUT_DIR/security_scan.json"

if [ -f "$REPORT_FILE" ]; then
    # Count vulnerabilities by severity
    python3 << EOF
import json
import sys

with open('$REPORT_FILE', 'r') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

vulnerabilities = data.get('vulnerabilities', [])
total = len(vulnerabilities)

severity_counts = \\\\{'high': 0, 'medium': 0, 'low': 0\\\\}
for vuln in vulnerabilities:
    severity = vuln.get('level', 'low').lower()
    if severity in severity_counts:
        severity_counts[severity] += 1

print(f"Security Scan Results:")
print(f"Total vulnerabilities: \\\\{total\\\\}")
print(f"High severity: \\\\{severity_counts['high']\\\\}")
print(f"Medium severity: \\\\{severity_counts['medium']\\\\}")
print(f"Low severity: \\\\{severity_counts['low']\\\\}")

# Exit with error code if vulnerabilities found and fail_on_vuln is true
if '$FAIL_ON_VULN' == 'true' and total > 0:
    print("\\nSecurity vulnerabilities detected. Failing build.")
    sys.exit(1)
else:
    print("\\nSecurity scan completed successfully.")
    sys.exit(0)
EOF

else
    echo "ERROR: Scan report not found"
    exit 1
fi
```## Integrazione con Altri Strumenti
```bash
# Use Burp as proxy for Wapiti
wapiti -u http://target.com --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080

# Export discovered URLs to Burp
wapiti -u http://target.com --crawl-only -f txt -o burp_targets.txt
```### Integrazione con Burp Suite
```bash
# Use ZAP as proxy
wapiti -u http://target.com --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080

# Generate ZAP-compatible report
wapiti -u http://target.com -f xml -o zap_import.xml
```### Integrazione con OWASP ZAP
```bash
# Extract URLs for Nuclei
wapiti -u http://target.com --crawl-only --format txt|grep -E '^http' > nuclei_targets.txt

# Run Nuclei on discovered URLs
nuclei -l nuclei_targets.txt -t /path/to/nuclei-templates/
```### Integrazione con Nuclei
```bash
# Increase crawling timeout
wapiti -u http://target.com --timeout 60

# Reduce crawling depth
wapiti -u http://target.com --depth 1

# Skip problematic URLs
wapiti -u http://target.com --skip-crawl "/problematic-path"

# Use different user agent
wapiti -u http://target.com --user-agent "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Scanner)"
```#### Problemi di Crawling
```bash
# Debug authentication
wapiti -u http://target.com --auth-user admin --auth-password secret -v 2

# Use cookie authentication instead
wapiti -u http://target.com --cookie "session=valid_session_id"

# Test authentication manually first
curl -u admin:secret http://target.com/protected
```#### Problemi di Autenticazione
```bash
# Reduce scan scope
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-pages 50

# Increase delays
wapiti -u http://target.com --delay 3

# Use fewer modules
wapiti -u http://target.com -m "sql,xss"

# Set scan time limit
wapiti -u http://target.com --max-scan-time 1800
```#### Problemi di Prestazioni
```bash
# Disable SSL verification
wapiti -u https://target.com --verify-ssl 0

# Use specific SSL version
wapiti -u https://target.com --ssl-version TLSv1.2

# Debug SSL issues
wapiti -u https://target.com -v 2 --verify-ssl 0
```#### Problemi SSL/TLS
```bash
# Enable verbose logging
wapiti -u http://target.com -v 2

# Save debug information
wapiti -u http://target.com -v 2 2>&1|tee wapiti_debug.log

# Test specific module
wapiti -u http://target.com -m sql -v 2

# Dry run (crawl only)
wapiti -u http://target.com --crawl-only -v 1
```### Debug e Logging
https://wapiti-scanner.github.io/- [Documentazione Ufficiale di Wapiti](
https://github.com/wapiti-scanner/wapiti- [Repository GitHub di Wapiti](
https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/- [Guida OWASP per il Test di Sicurezza Web](
https://owasp.org/www-community/Vulnerability_Scanning_Tools- [Valutazione degli Scanner di Sicurezza per Applicazioni Web](
https://docs.python.org/3/library/security_warnings.html- [Test di Sicurezza in Python](
https://www.sans.org/white-papers/2178/- [Penetration Testing di Applicazioni Web](
https://owasp.org/www-community/controls/Static_Code_Analysis- [Test di Sicurezza Automatizzati](

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*Questo cheat sheet fornisce un riferimento completo per l'utilizzo di Wapiti per la scansione di vulnerabilità delle applicazioni web. Assicurati sempre di avere l'autorizzazione prima di utilizzare questo strumento in qualsiasi ambiente.*