SIFT Workstation Cheatsheet

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SIFT (SANS Investigative Forensic Toolkit) Workstation è una distribuzione completa digitale forense e risposta incidente basata su Ubuntu. Sviluppato da SANS, SIFT fornisce una collezione completa di strumenti forensi digitali gratuiti e open source, rendendolo una piattaforma essenziale per gli investigatori digitali, i rispondenti agli incidenti e i professionisti della sicurezza informatica.

Installazione e configurazione

Metodi di installazione SIFT

# Method 1: Download Pre-built VM
# Download SIFT Workstation OVA from SANS
# Import into VMware/VirtualBox
# Default credentials: sansforensics/forensics

# Method 2: Install on Existing Ubuntu
curl -Lo install-sift.sh https://github.com/teamdfir/sift-cli/releases/download/v1.10.0/sift-cli-linux
chmod +x install-sift.sh
sudo ./install-sift.sh install

# Method 3: Docker Installation
docker pull teamdfir/sift-workstation
docker run -it --rm teamdfir/sift-workstation

# Method 4: Manual Installation
git clone https://github.com/teamdfir/sift-cli.git
cd sift-cli
sudo python3 setup.py install
sift install

Requisiti di sistema

# Minimum Requirements
CPU: 2 cores
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 60 GB
Network: Internet connection for updates

# Recommended Specifications
CPU: 4+ cores
RAM: 8+ GB
Storage: 200+ GB SSD
Network: High-speed internet
Additional: USB 3.0 ports for evidence drives

Configurazione iniziale

# Update SIFT tools
sift update

# Upgrade SIFT installation
sift upgrade

# Check SIFT version
sift version

# List installed tools
sift list

# Configure timezone
sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York

# Mount evidence drives
sudo mkdir /mnt/evidence
sudo mount -o ro,noexec,nodev /dev/sdb1 /mnt/evidence

Core Forensic # Strumenti

Analisi del file system

# The Sleuth Kit (TSK)
fls -r image.dd                    # List files recursively
icat image.dd 12345 > file.txt     # Extract file by inode
ils image.dd                       # List inodes
fsstat image.dd                    # File system statistics
mmls image.dd                      # Partition table analysis

# Autopsy (Web-based interface)
autopsy &                          # Start Autopsy web interface
# Access via http://localhost:9999/autopsy

# AFFLIB (Advanced Forensic Format)
affcat image.aff > image.dd        # Convert AFF to raw
affinfo image.aff                  # Display AFF metadata
affcompare image1.aff image2.aff   # Compare AFF images

# ewf-tools (Expert Witness Format)
ewfinfo image.E01                  # Display EWF metadata
ewfmount image.E01 /mnt/ewf        # Mount EWF image
ewfverify image.E01                # Verify EWF integrity

Analisi della memoria

# Volatility Framework
volatility -f memory.dump imageinfo
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 pslist
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 netscan
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 malfind
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 hivelist
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 hashdump

# Volatility 3
vol.py -f memory.dump windows.info
vol.py -f memory.dump windows.pslist
vol.py -f memory.dump windows.netscan
vol.py -f memory.dump windows.malfind
vol.py -f memory.dump windows.registry.hivelist

# LiME (Linux Memory Extractor)
sudo insmod lime.ko "path=/tmp/memory.lime format=lime"
sudo insmod lime.ko "path=/tmp/memory.raw format=raw"

# AVML (Acquire Volatile Memory for Linux)
sudo avml memory.lime
sudo avml --compress memory.lime.gz

Analisi della rete

# Wireshark
wireshark &                        # GUI interface
tshark -r capture.pcap             # Command line analysis
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http"   # Filter HTTP traffic
tshark -r capture.pcap -T fields -e ip.src -e ip.dst

# tcpdump
tcpdump -r capture.pcap            # Read capture file
tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap    # Capture to file
tcpdump -r capture.pcap host 192.168.1.1

# NetworkMiner
mono /usr/share/networkminer/NetworkMiner.exe

# Xplico
sudo service xplico start
# Access via http://localhost:9876

Registry Analysis (Windows)

# RegRipper
rip.pl -r SYSTEM -f system         # Analyze SYSTEM hive
rip.pl -r SOFTWARE -f software     # Analyze SOFTWARE hive
rip.pl -r NTUSER.DAT -f ntuser      # Analyze user hive
rip.pl -l                          # List available plugins

# Registry Decoder
# GUI tool for registry analysis
python /usr/share/regdecoder/regdecoder.py

# hivex tools
hivexsh registry_hive              # Interactive shell
hivexget registry_hive '\Root\Key' # Get registry value
hivexregedit --export registry_hive output.reg

Timeline Analysis

# log2timeline (plaso)
log2timeline.py timeline.plaso image.dd
psort.py -o l2tcsv timeline.plaso > timeline.csv
psort.py -o xlsx timeline.plaso -w timeline.xlsx

# mactime (TSK)
fls -r -m / image.dd > bodyfile
mactime -b bodyfile -d > timeline.csv

# Timesketch
timesketch_importer --file timeline.csv --sketch_id 1

# Super Timeline
log2timeline.py --parsers="win7,webhist" timeline.plaso image.dd
psort.py -o dynamic timeline.plaso

Analisi malware

# YARA
yara rules.yar /path/to/files      # Scan files with rules
yara -r rules.yar /path/to/dir     # Recursive scanning
yara -s rules.yar file.exe         # Show matching strings

# ClamAV
clamscan file.exe                  # Scan single file
clamscan -r /path/to/dir          # Recursive scan
freshclam                         # Update virus definitions

# Radare2
r2 malware.exe                    # Open binary
aaa                               # Auto-analyze
pdf @main                         # Disassemble main function
VV                                # Visual mode

# Ghidra
ghidra &                          # Start Ghidra GUI
# Import binary and analyze

# strings
strings malware.exe               # Extract strings
strings -n 10 malware.exe         # Minimum length 10
strings -e l malware.exe          # Little-endian Unicode

Disk and File Analysis

Disk Imaging

# dd (Data Dump)
dd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd bs=4096 conv=noerror,sync
dd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd bs=4096 status=progress

# dcfldd (Enhanced dd)
dcfldd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd bs=4096 hash=md5,sha1
dcfldd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd sizeprobe=if

# dc3dd (DoD version)
dc3dd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd hash=md5 log=imaging.log
dc3dd if=/dev/sdb of=image.dd hofs=image.md5

# ddrescue (GNU ddrescue)
ddrescue /dev/sdb image.dd rescue.log
ddrescue --force /dev/sdb image.dd rescue.log

# FTK Imager (Wine)
wine /opt/ftk-imager/FTK\ Imager.exe

File Carving

# Foremost
foremost -i image.dd -o carved_files/
foremost -t jpg,png,pdf -i image.dd -o output/
foremost -c /etc/foremost.conf -i image.dd -o output/

# Scalpel
scalpel -b -o carved_files/ image.dd
scalpel -c scalpel.conf -o output/ image.dd

# PhotoRec
photorec image.dd                 # Interactive mode
photorec /log /d output/ image.dd # Command line

# Bulk Extractor
bulk_extractor -o output/ image.dd
bulk_extractor -x all -o output/ image.dd
bulk_extractor -e email -o output/ image.dd

Hash Analysis

# md5sum/sha1sum/sha256sum
md5sum file.exe                   # Calculate MD5
sha1sum file.exe                  # Calculate SHA1
sha256sum file.exe                # Calculate SHA256
md5sum -c checksums.md5           # Verify checksums

# hashdeep
hashdeep -r /path/to/files        # Recursive hashing
hashdeep -c md5,sha1 -r /path/    # Multiple algorithms
hashdeep -a -k known_hashes.txt unknown_files/

# ssdeep (Fuzzy hashing)
ssdeep file.exe                   # Calculate fuzzy hash
ssdeep -r /path/to/files         # Recursive fuzzy hashing
ssdeep -m known_hashes.txt unknown_files/

# NSRL (National Software Reference Library)
# Compare hashes against NSRL database
nsrlsvr -f /path/to/nsrl/NSRLFile.txt

Analisi dei log

Analisi del registro di sistema

# Log file locations
/var/log/syslog                   # System messages
/var/log/auth.log                 # Authentication logs
/var/log/apache2/access.log       # Apache access logs
/var/log/apache2/error.log        # Apache error logs
/var/log/mail.log                 # Mail server logs

# Log analysis tools
grep "Failed password" /var/log/auth.log
awk '\\\\{print $1\\\\}' /var/log/apache2/access.log|sort|uniq -c
tail -f /var/log/syslog           # Real-time monitoring

# Logstash
/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f config.conf

# Splunk Universal Forwarder
sudo /opt/splunkforwarder/bin/splunk start

Analisi del registro eventi di Windows

# python-evtx
evtx_dump.py System.evtx > system_events.xml
evtx_dump.py --json Security.evtx > security_events.json

# Log Parser (Wine)
wine LogParser.exe -i:EVT -o:CSV "SELECT * FROM Security.evtx"

# Event Log Explorer
# GUI tool for Windows event log analysis

# Windows Event Log analysis with Volatility
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 evtlogs
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 iehistory

Analisi del registro web

# Apache/Nginx log analysis
awk '\\\\{print $1\\\\}' access.log|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr
grep "404" access.log|awk '\\\\{print $7\\\\}'|sort|uniq -c
grep "POST" access.log|grep -v "200"

# GoAccess
goaccess access.log -o report.html --log-format=COMBINED
goaccess access.log -c --log-format=COMBINED

# AWStats
perl awstats.pl -config=website -update
perl awstats.pl -config=website -output -staticlinks > awstats.html

Mobile Forensics

Analisi Android

# ADB (Android Debug Bridge)
adb devices                       # List connected devices
adb shell                         # Access device shell
adb pull /data/data/com.app/ ./   # Extract app data
adb backup -all -f backup.ab     # Create full backup

# Android backup extraction
dd if=backup.ab bs=1 skip=24|python -c "import zlib,sys;sys.stdout.write(zlib.decompress(sys.stdin.read()))"|tar -xvf -

# ALEAPP (Android Logs Events And Protobuf Parser)
python aleapp.py -t tar -i android_backup.tar -o output/

# Autopsy Mobile Forensics
# Import Android image into Autopsy
# Analyze with mobile forensics modules

Analisi iOS

# libimobiledevice
ideviceinfo                       # Device information
idevicebackup2 backup ./backup/   # Create backup
ideviceinstaller -l               # List installed apps

# iOS backup analysis
python ios_backup_analyzer.py backup_folder/

# ILEAPP (iOS Logs Events And Protobuf Parser)
python ileapp.py -t tar -i ios_backup.tar -o output/

# 3uTools (Wine)
wine 3uTools.exe

Analisi database

SQLite Analysis

# SQLite command line
sqlite3 database.db              # Open database
.tables                          # List tables
.schema table_name               # Show table schema
SELECT * FROM table_name;        # Query data
.dump                           # Export database

# SQLite Browser
sqlitebrowser database.db        # GUI interface

# SQLite recovery
sqlite3_analyzer database.db     # Analyze database
undark database.db --type=freelist # Recover deleted data

Altri formati di database

# ESE Database (Windows)
esedbexport -t tables database.edb output/
esedbinfo database.edb

# Registry as database
python registry_parser.py NTUSER.DAT

# Browser databases
sqlite3 places.sqlite "SELECT * FROM moz_places;" # Firefox history
sqlite3 History "SELECT * FROM urls;"             # Chrome history

Network Forensics

Analisi dei pacchetti

# Wireshark command line
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http.request" -T fields -e http.host -e http.request.uri
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "dns" -T fields -e dns.qry.name
tshark -r capture.pcap -z conv,ip                # IP conversations
tshark -r capture.pcap -z http,tree              # HTTP statistics

# tcpflow
tcpflow -r capture.pcap -o output/               # Extract TCP flows
tcpflow -r capture.pcap -e scanner              # Scan for content

# Chaosreader
chaosreader capture.pcap                         # Extract sessions
chaosreader -D output/ capture.pcap              # Extract to directory

# Network timeline
tshark -r capture.pcap -T fields -e frame.time -e ip.src -e ip.dst -e frame.protocols

Analisi del protocollo

# HTTP analysis
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http" -T fields -e http.request.method -e http.request.uri
grep -a "GET\|POST" capture.pcap

# DNS analysis
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "dns.flags.response == 0" -T fields -e dns.qry.name
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "dns.flags.response == 1" -T fields -e dns.a

# Email analysis
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "smtp" -T fields -e smtp.req.command -e smtp.req.parameter
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "pop" -T fields -e pop.request.command

# FTP analysis
tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "ftp" -T fields -e ftp.request.command -e ftp.request.arg

Automation and Scripting

SET Scripts and Tools

# SIFT CLI commands
sift install --mode=server        # Server installation
sift install --mode=desktop       # Desktop installation
sift debug                        # Debug information
sift list-upgrades                # List available upgrades

# Custom scripts location
/usr/local/bin/                   # Custom tools
/home/sansforensics/Desktop/      # Desktop shortcuts
/opt/                            # Third-party tools

# Environment variables
export VOLATILITY_LOCATION=/usr/bin/vol.py
export VOLATILITY_PLUGINS=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/volatility/plugins

Esempi di automazione

# Automated imaging script
#!/bin/bash
DEVICE=$1
OUTPUT=$2
echo "Imaging $DEVICE to $OUTPUT"
dcfldd if=$DEVICE of=$OUTPUT.dd hash=md5,sha1 bs=4096
md5sum $OUTPUT.dd > $OUTPUT.md5
sha1sum $OUTPUT.dd > $OUTPUT.sha1

# Automated analysis script
#!/bin/bash
IMAGE=$1
OUTPUT_DIR=$2
mkdir -p $OUTPUT_DIR

# File system analysis
fls -r $IMAGE > $OUTPUT_DIR/file_list.txt
mactime -b $OUTPUT_DIR/file_list.txt > $OUTPUT_DIR/timeline.csv

# Hash analysis
hashdeep -r $IMAGE > $OUTPUT_DIR/hashes.txt

# String extraction
strings $IMAGE > $OUTPUT_DIR/strings.txt

Python Forensics Scripts

# Basic file analysis
import hashlib
import os

def analyze_file(filepath):
    with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
        md5_hash = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()
        sha1_hash = hashlib.sha1(data).hexdigest()
        size = len(data)

    return \\\\{
        'path': filepath,
        'size': size,
        'md5': md5_hash,
        'sha1': sha1_hash
    \\\\}

# Registry analysis
import Registry

def analyze_registry(hive_path):
    reg = Registry.Registry(hive_path)
    root = reg.root()

    for key in root.subkeys():
        print(f"Key: \\\\{key.name()\\\\}")
        for value in key.values():
            print(f"  Value: \\\\{value.name()\\\\} = \\\\{value.value()\\\\}")

Gestione dei casi

Evidence Handling

# Evidence mounting (read-only)
sudo mount -o ro,noexec,nodev,loop image.dd /mnt/evidence
sudo mount -o ro,noexec,nodev /dev/sdb1 /mnt/evidence

# Evidence verification
md5sum evidence.dd
sha1sum evidence.dd
sha256sum evidence.dd

# Chain of custody
echo "$(date): Evidence mounted by $(whoami)" >> chain_of_custody.log
echo "$(date): Analysis started" >> chain_of_custody.log

# Evidence documentation
exiftool evidence.dd              # Metadata extraction
file evidence.dd                  # File type identification
hexdump -C evidence.dd|head    # Hex dump preview

Report Generation

# Automated reporting
log2timeline.py --parsers="win7" timeline.plaso image.dd
psort.py -o xlsx timeline.plaso -w timeline.xlsx

# Timeline visualization
python /usr/share/plaso/tools/psort.py -o l2tcsv timeline.plaso > timeline.csv

# Hash comparison reports
hashdeep -c md5,sha1 -r /evidence/ > evidence_hashes.txt
hashdeep -a -k known_good.txt evidence_hashes.txt > comparison_report.txt

# Custom reporting scripts
python generate_report.py --case "Case001" --evidence image.dd --output report.html

Documentazione

# Case notes
mkdir case_001
cd case_001
echo "Case: 001" > case_notes.txt
echo "Date: $(date)" >> case_notes.txt
echo "Investigator: $(whoami)" >> case_notes.txt

# Screenshot documentation
gnome-screenshot -f screenshot_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).png

# Command history
history > command_history_$(date +%Y%m%d).txt

# System information
uname -a > system_info.txt
lsb_release -a >> system_info.txt
sift version >> system_info.txt

Tecniche avanzate

Memory Analysis Advanced

# Volatility plugins
volatility --info                 # List available plugins
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 psscan
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 dlllist -p 1234
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 handles -p 1234
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 getsids
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 printkey -K "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"

# Custom Volatility plugins
cp custom_plugin.py /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/volatility/plugins/
volatility -f memory.dump --profile=Win7SP1x64 custom_plugin

Anti-Forensics Detection

# Timestamp analysis
mactime -b bodyfile -d|grep "1970\|2099"  # Suspicious timestamps
stat file.txt                               # File timestamps

# Hidden data detection
binwalk firmware.bin                        # Embedded files
steghide info image.jpg                     # Steganography detection
outguess -r image.jpg output.txt            # Outguess extraction

# Encryption detection
entropy -t file.bin                         # Entropy analysis
file file.bin                              # File type detection
hexdump -C file.bin|head                 # Manual inspection

Cloud Forensics

# Cloud artifact analysis
sqlite3 cloud_sync.db "SELECT * FROM files;"
grep -r "dropbox\|google\|onedrive" /home/user/

# Browser cloud artifacts
sqlite3 ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/History "SELECT * FROM downloads;"
sqlite3 ~/.mozilla/firefox/profile/places.sqlite "SELECT * FROM moz_downloads;"

# Cloud storage analysis
rclone ls remote:                          # List cloud files
rclone copy remote: ./cloud_backup/        # Download cloud data

Risoluzione dei problemi

Questioni comuni

# Permission issues
sudo chown -R sansforensics:sansforensics /cases/
sudo chmod 755 /mnt/evidence

# Tool not found
which volatility                           # Check tool location
echo $PATH                                # Check PATH variable
sift list                                 # List installed tools

# Memory issues
free -h                                   # Check available memory
top                                       # Monitor processes
kill -9 PID                              # Kill problematic process

# Disk space issues
df -h                                     # Check disk usage
du -sh /cases/*                          # Check case sizes
ncdu /cases/                             # Interactive disk usage

Ottimizzazione delle prestazioni

# Increase swap space
sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile

# Optimize for SSD
sudo echo 'deadline' > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
sudo mount -o remount,noatime /

# Parallel processing
parallel -j 4 "strings \\\\{\\\\} > \\\\{\\\\}.strings" ::: *.exe
find /evidence -name "*.exe"|parallel -j 4 yara rules.yar \\\\{\\\\}

Risorse

• Documentazione della postazione di lavoro SANS Digital Forensics
• [Comunità FIR]
• Documentazione della volatilità_
• La documentazione del Kit Sleuth