PyCharm¶
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Scorciatoie e flussi di lavoro completi di PyCharm per lo sviluppo di Python con strumenti Django, Flask e data science.
## Scorciatoie generali
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+Shift+A`|`Cmd+Shift+A`|Find Action|
|`Ctrl+Shift+N`|`Cmd+Shift+O`|Go to File|
|`Ctrl+N`|`Cmd+O`|Go to Class|
|`Ctrl+Shift+Alt+N`|`Cmd+Option+O`|Go to Symbol|
|`Ctrl+E`|`Cmd+E`|Recent Files|
|`Ctrl+Shift+E`|`Cmd+Shift+E`|Recent Locations|
|`Ctrl+G`|`Cmd+L`|Go to Line|
|`Ctrl+F12`|`Cmd+F12`|File Structure|
|`Alt+F1`|`Option+F1`|Select In|
## Navigazione
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+B`|`Cmd+B`|Go to Declaration|
|`Ctrl+Alt+B`|`Cmd+Option+B`|Go to Implementation|
|`Ctrl+Shift+B`|`Cmd+Shift+B`|Go to Type Declaration|
|`Ctrl+U`|`Cmd+U`|Go to Super Method|
|`Alt+F7`|`Option+F7`|Find Usages|
|`Ctrl+F7`|`Cmd+F7`|Find Usages in File|
|`Ctrl+Shift+F7`|`Cmd+Shift+F7`|Highlight Usages|
|`Ctrl+Alt+F7`|`Cmd+Option+F7`|Show Usages|
|`Ctrl+Click`|`Cmd+Click`|Go to Declaration|
## Modifica
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+Space`|`Ctrl+Space`|Basic Code Completion|
|`Ctrl+Shift+Space`|`Ctrl+Shift+Space`|Smart Code Completion|
|`Ctrl+Alt+Space`|`Ctrl+Option+Space`|Class Name Completion|
|`Ctrl+Shift+Enter`|`Cmd+Shift+Enter`|Complete Current Statement|
|`Ctrl+P`|`Cmd+P`|Parameter Info|
|`Ctrl+Q`|`Ctrl+J`|Quick Documentation|
|`Shift+F1`|`Shift+F1`|External Documentation|
|`Ctrl+F1`|`Cmd+F1`|Show Error Description|
|`Alt+Insert`|`Cmd+N`|Generate Code|
|`Ctrl+O`|`Ctrl+O`|Override Methods|
|`Ctrl+I`|`Ctrl+I`|Implement Methods|
## Formattazione del codice
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+Alt+L`|`Cmd+Option+L`|Reformat Code|
|`Ctrl+Alt+O`|`Ctrl+Option+O`|Optimize Imports|
|`Ctrl+Alt+I`|`Ctrl+Option+I`|Auto-Indent Lines|
|`Tab`|`Tab`|Indent Selection|
|`Shift+Tab`|`Shift+Tab`|Unindent Selection|
|`Ctrl+Alt+T`|`Cmd+Option+T`|Surround With|
|`Ctrl+/`|`Cmd+/`|Comment/Uncomment Line|
|`Ctrl+Shift+/`|`Cmd+Shift+/`|Comment/Uncomment Block|
## Refactoring
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`F5`|`F5`|Copy|
|`F6`|`F6`|Move|
|`Shift+F6`|`Shift+F6`|Rename|
|`Ctrl+F6`|`Cmd+F6`|Change Signature|
|`Ctrl+Alt+N`|`Cmd+Option+N`|Inline|
|`Ctrl+Alt+M`|`Cmd+Option+M`|Extract Method|
|`Ctrl+Alt+V`|`Cmd+Option+V`|Extract Variable|
|`Ctrl+Alt+F`|`Cmd+Option+F`|Extract Field|
|`Ctrl+Alt+C`|`Cmd+Option+C`|Extract Constant|
|`Ctrl+Alt+P`|`Cmd+Option+P`|Extract Parameter|
## Correre e debug
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Shift+F10`|`Ctrl+R`|Run|
|`Shift+F9`|`Ctrl+D`|Debug|
|`Ctrl+Shift+F10`|`Ctrl+Shift+R`|Run Context Configuration|
|`Ctrl+Shift+F9`|`Ctrl+Shift+D`|Debug Context Configuration|
|`F8`|`F8`|Step Over|
|`F7`|`F7`|Step Into|
|`Shift+F7`|`Shift+F7`|Smart Step Into|
|`Shift+F8`|`Shift+F8`|Step Out|
|`Alt+F9`|`Option+F9`|Run to Cursor|
|`Alt+F8`|`Option+F8`|Evaluate Expression|
## Python-Specific Caratteristiche
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+Shift+F10`|`Ctrl+Shift+R`|Run Python File|
|`Alt+Shift+F10`|`Option+Shift+R`|Run Python Console|
|`Ctrl+Alt+S`|`Cmd+,`|Open Settings|
|`Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S`|`Cmd+;`|Project Structure|
|`Ctrl+Shift+A`|`Cmd+Shift+A`|Find Action|
## Scorciatoie Django
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+Alt+R`|`Cmd+Option+R`|Manage.py Tasks|
|`Ctrl+Shift+X`|`Cmd+Shift+X`|Run Django Server|
|`Ctrl+Alt+G`|`Cmd+Option+G`|Django Console|
## Scienza dei dati Strumenti
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Shift+Enter`|`Shift+Enter`|Execute Cell|
|`Ctrl+Enter`|`Cmd+Enter`|Execute Cell (Stay)|
|`Alt+Enter`|`Option+Enter`|Execute and Insert Below|
|`Ctrl+Shift+A`|`Cmd+Shift+A`|Add Cell Above|
|`Ctrl+Shift+B`|`Cmd+Shift+B`|Add Cell Below|
## Controllo versione (Git)
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+K`|`Cmd+K`|Commit|
|`Ctrl+Shift+K`|`Cmd+Shift+K`|Push|
|`Ctrl+T`|`Cmd+T`|Update Project|
|`Alt+9`|`Cmd+9`|Version Control Tool Window|
|`Ctrl+Alt+Z`|`Cmd+Option+Z`|Rollback|
## Ricerca e Sostituisci
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Ctrl+F`|`Cmd+F`|Find|
|`F3`|`Cmd+G`|Find Next|
|`Shift+F3`|`Cmd+Shift+G`|Find Previous|
|`Ctrl+R`|`Cmd+R`|Replace|
|`Ctrl+Shift+F`|`Cmd+Shift+F`|Find in Path|
|`Ctrl+Shift+R`|`Cmd+Shift+R`|Replace in Path|
## Strumento di Windows
|Windows/Linux|macOS|Description|
|---------------|-------|-------------|
|`Alt+1`|`Cmd+1`|Project Tool Window|
|`Alt+2`|`Cmd+2`|Favorites|
|`Alt+3`|`Cmd+3`|Find Tool Window|
|`Alt+4`|`Cmd+4`|Run Tool Window|
|`Alt+5`|`Cmd+5`|Debug Tool Window|
|`Alt+6`|`Cmd+6`|TODO Tool Window|
|`Alt+7`|`Cmd+7`|Structure Tool Window|
|`Alt+8`|`Cmd+8`|Services Tool Window|
|`Alt+9`|`Cmd+9`|Version Control|
|`Alt+0`|`Cmd+0`|Messages Tool Window|
## Migliori Pratiche
### Impostazione ambiente virtuale
1. **Create Virtual Environment**: Usa `python -m venv venv`_
2. **Configure Interpreter**: File → Impostazioni → Progetto → Python Interpreter
3. # Install Packages # Utilizzare PyCharm's package manager o pip in terminale
### Codice Qualità
1. **Enable Inspections**: File → Impostazioni → Editor → Ispezioni
2. **Utilizza il tipo Hints**: Abilita il controllo del tipo per un migliore completamento del codice
3. **Configure Code Style**: File → Impostazioni → Editor → Code Style → Python
### Sviluppo di Django
1. **Abilita il supporto Django**: File → Impostazioni → Lingue e Quadri → Django
2. **Configure Templates**: Imposta le directory dei modelli e la lingua
3. #Database Tools # Utilizzare il browser database integrato e la console SQL
### Consigli per il debug
1. **Interruzioni tradizionali**: Fare clic su breakpoint per aggiungere condizioni
2. **Exception Breakpoints**: Run → View Breakpoints → Python Eccezione Breakpoints
3. # Remote Debugging # Configurare l'interprete remoto per il debug su server