YUM/DNF Responsabile del pacchetto
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Comandi e flussi di lavoro completi YUM e DNF per la gestione dei pacchetti Red Hat, CentOS e Fedora.
## Installazione e aggiornamenti
### Operazioni di pacchetti di base (DNF)
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf update` | Update all packages | |
| | `sudo dnf upgrade` | Upgrade all packages (same as update) | |
| | `sudo dnf install package_name` | Install package | |
| | `sudo dnf remove package_name` | Remove package | |
| | `sudo dnf autoremove` | Remove unused dependencies | |
| | `sudo dnf reinstall package_name` | Reinstall package | |
### Operazioni di pacchetti di base (YUM)
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo yum update` | Update all packages | |
| | `sudo yum install package_name` | Install package | |
| | `sudo yum remove package_name` | Remove package | |
| | `sudo yum autoremove` | Remove unused dependencies | |
| | `sudo yum reinstall package_name` | Reinstall package | |
### Installazione avanzata
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install package1 package2` | Install multiple packages | |
| | `sudo dnf install package-version` | Install specific version | |
| | `sudo dnf localinstall package.rpm` | Install local RPM file | |
| | `sudo dnf downgrade package_name` | Downgrade package | |
| | `sudo dnf install --enablerepo=repo package` | Install from specific repo | |
## Informazioni sul pacchetto
### Ricerca e Informazioni
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf search keyword` | Search for packages | |
| | `dnf info package_name` | Show package information | |
| | `dnf list installed` | List installed packages | |
| | `dnf list available` | List available packages | |
| | `dnf list updates` | List available updates | |
| | `rpm -qa` | List all installed packages | |
| | `rpm -qi package_name` | Show installed package info | |
### Dipendenze dei pacchetti
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf deplist package_name` | Show package dependencies | |
| | `dnf repoquery --requires package_name` | Show package requirements | |
| | `dnf repoquery --whatrequires package_name` | Show what requires package | |
| | `rpm -qR package_name` | Show package dependencies (RPM) | |
## Gestione dei repository
### Operazioni di repository
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf repolist` | List enabled repositories | |
| | `dnf repolist all` | List all repositories | |
| | `sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo URL` | Add repository | |
| | `sudo dnf config-manager --disable repo_name` | Disable repository | |
| | `sudo dnf config-manager --enable repo_name` | Enable repository | |
### Repository EPEL (CentOS/RHEL)
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install epel-release` | Install EPEL repository | |
| | `sudo yum install epel-release` | Install EPEL (YUM) | |
## Manutenzione del sistema
### Operazioni di pulizia
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf clean all` | Clean all cache | |
| | `sudo dnf clean packages` | Clean package cache | |
| | `sudo dnf clean metadata` | Clean metadata cache | |
| | `sudo dnf autoremove` | Remove orphaned packages | |
### Gruppi di pacchetti
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf group list` | List package groups | |
| | `dnf group info "Group Name"` | Show group information | |
| | `sudo dnf group install "Development Tools"` | Install package group | |
| | `sudo dnf group remove "Group Name"` | Remove package group | |
## File di configurazione
### DNF/YUM Configurazione
| | File | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` | DNF main configuration | |
| | `/etc/yum.conf` | YUM main configuration | |
| | `/etc/yum.repos.d/` | Repository configuration files | |
| | `/var/log/dnf.log` | DNF log file | |
| | `/var/log/yum.log` | YUM log file | |
### Esempio dnf.conf
Traduzione:
### Esempio File di repository
Traduzione:
## Uso avanzato
### Storia e Rollback
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf history` | Show transaction history | |
| | `dnf history info ID` | Show transaction details | |
| | `sudo dnf history undo ID` | Undo transaction | |
| | `sudo dnf history redo ID` | Redo transaction | |
| | `sudo dnf history rollback ID` | Rollback to transaction | |
### Gestione dei moduli (DNF)
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf module list` | List available modules | |
| | `dnf module list --installed` | List installed modules | |
| | `sudo dnf module install module:stream` | Install module stream | |
| | `sudo dnf module enable module:stream` | Enable module stream | |
| | `sudo dnf module disable module` | Disable module | |
### Aggiornamenti di sicurezza
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf updateinfo` | Show update information | |
| | `dnf updateinfo --security` | Show security updates | |
| | `sudo dnf update --security` | Install security updates only | |
| | `dnf updateinfo list cves` | List CVEs | |
## Costruzione del pacchetto
### Sviluppo del RPM
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install rpm-build rpmdevtools` | Install build tools | |
| | `rpmdev-setuptree` | Setup RPM build tree | |
| | `rpmbuild -ba package.spec` | Build RPM package | |
| | `rpm -qp --requires package.rpm` | Check RPM dependencies | |
### RPM di origine
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `dnf download --source package_name` | Download source RPM | |
| | `rpm -ivh package.src.rpm` | Install source RPM | |
| | `rpmbuild --rebuild package.src.rpm` | Rebuild from source | |
## Risoluzione dei problemi
### Questioni comuni
| | Problem | Solution | |
| --- | --- |
| | Conflicting packages | `sudo dnf remove conflicting_package` | |
| | Broken dependencies | `sudo dnf check` | |
| | Corrupted RPM database | `sudo rpm --rebuilddb` | |
| | Repository errors | `sudo dnf clean all && sudo dnf makecache` | |
### Problemi di blocco
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo rm /var/lib/rpm/.rpm.lock` | Remove RPM lock | |
| | `sudo rm /var/run/yum.pid` | Remove YUM lock | |
| | `ps aux \ | grep yum` | Check for running YUM processes | |
### Riparazione di database
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo rpm --rebuilddb` | Rebuild RPM database | |
| | `sudo dnf check` | Check for problems | |
| | `sudo dnf distro-sync` | Synchronize packages | |
## Caratteristiche Fedora-Specific
### Aggiornamenti Fedora
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=XX` | Download upgrade | |
| | `sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot` | Perform upgrade | |
| | `sudo dnf install fedora-upgrade` | Install upgrade tool | |
### Integrazione Flatpak
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install flatpak` | Install Flatpak | |
| | `flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo` | Add Flathub | |
## CentOS/RHEL-Specific
### Abbonamento Manager (RHEL)
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo subscription-manager register` | Register system | |
| | `sudo subscription-manager attach --auto` | Auto-attach subscription | |
| | `sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=repo_name` | Enable repository | |
### Flusso di CentOS
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install centos-release-stream` | Install Stream repos | |
| | `sudo dnf swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos` | Switch to Stream | |
## Ottimizzazione delle prestazioni
### Tuning di configurazione
Traduzione:
### Gestione degli specchi
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `sudo dnf install dnf-plugins-core` | Install DNF plugins | |
| | `sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools` | Enable PowerTools (CentOS) | |
## Migliori Pratiche
### Sicurezza
1. **Aggiornamenti regolari**: Tenere aggiornato il sistema con patch di sicurezza
2. ** Verifica repository** Utilizzare solo repository fidati
3. **GPG Verification**: Assicurarsi che i pacchetti siano correttamente firmati
4. ** Installazione minima**: Installare solo pacchetti necessari
5. ** Aggiornamenti di sicurezza**: priorità aggiornamenti di sicurezza
### Prestazioni
1. # Specchio piu' veloce # Attivare il plugin mirror più veloce
2. **Parallel Downloads**: Configura download paralleli
3. **Delta RPMs**: Attiva download RPM delta
4. **Cache Management**: Pulizia regolare della cache
5. ** Priorità di repository**: Impostare priorità di repository
### Manutenzione
1. **Real Cleanup**: Pulisci regolarmente la cache dei pacchetti
2. Traduzione: Monitorare la cronologia delle transazioni
3. **Dependency Health**: Controllare le dipendenze interrotte
4. **Log Monitoring**: Verificare i log del sistema per problemi
5. **Backup**: Backup di configurazioni importanti