Pacman Package Manager¶
_
Umfassende Pacman-Befehle und Workflows für Arch Linux-Paketverwaltung.
Installation und Updates
Basispaket Operationen_TABLE_81___¶
Erweiterte Installation¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_15 | Install multiple packages |
| INLINE_CODE_16 | Install only if not installed |
| INLINE_CODE_17 | Install as dependency |
| INLINE_CODE_18 | Mark as dependency |
| INLINE_CODE_19 | Mark as explicitly installed |
| _ | |
| Wählen Sie aus |
Search and Information¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_20 | Search for packages |
| INLINE_CODE_21 | Show package information |
| INLINE_CODE_22 | List installed packages |
| INLINE_CODE_23 | Search installed packages |
| INLINE_CODE_24 | Show installed package info |
| INLINE_CODE_25 | List package files |
| INLINE_CODE_26 | Find package owning file |
Paketabhängigkeiten¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_27 | Show dependencies |
| INLINE_CODE_28 | Show detailed package info |
| INLINE_CODE_29 | Show dependency tree |
| INLINE_CODE_30 | Show reverse dependencies |
• Systemwartung
Reinigungsoperationen¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_31 | Clean package cache |
| INLINE_CODE_32 | Clean all cache |
| INLINE_CODE_33 | Remove orphaned packages |
| INLINE_CODE_34 | Remove unused dependencies |
| _ | |
| Datenbank Operationen | |
| Command | Description |
| --------- | ------------- |
| INLINE_CODE_35 | Sync package database |
| INLINE_CODE_36 | Force sync database |
| INLINE_CODE_37 | Upgrade package database |
AUR (Arch User Repository)
AUR Helpers¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_38 | Install AUR package (yay) |
| INLINE_CODE_39 | Update system including AUR |
| INLINE_CODE_40 | Search AUR packages |
| INLINE_CODE_41 | Install AUR package (paru) |
Manuelle AUR Installation¶
```bash
Clone AUR package¶
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package_name.git cd package_name
Review PKGBUILD¶
cat PKGBUILD
Build and install¶
makepkg -si ```_
Dateien konfigurieren
Pacman Konfiguration¶
| File | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_42 | Main configuration |
| INLINE_CODE_43 | Mirror list |
| INLINE_CODE_44 | Package log |
| INLINE_CODE_45 | Local package database |
Beispiel pacman.conf¶
```ini [options] HoldPkg = pacman glibc Architecture = auto Color CheckSpace VerbosePkgLists ParallelDownloads = 5
[core] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ```_
Ihr Spiegelmanagement
Reflector (Mirror Optimization)¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_46 | Update mirrorlist |
| INLINE_CODE_47 | Country-specific mirrors |
Manuelle Spiegelauswahl¶
```bash
Backup current mirrorlist¶
sudo cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup
Edit mirrorlist¶
sudo nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Test mirrors¶
sudo pacman -Syy ```_
Paketgruppen
Konzernbetrieb¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_48 | List all groups |
| INLINE_CODE_49 | List packages in group |
| INLINE_CODE_50 | Install package group |
| INLINE_CODE_51 | Install missing group packages |
Common Groups¶
| Group | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_52 | Base system packages |
| INLINE_CODE_53 | Development tools |
| INLINE_CODE_54 | GNOME desktop environment |
| INLINE_CODE_55 | KDE applications |
| INLINE_CODE_56 | X Window System |
/ Fortgeschrittene Nutzung
Paketverifikation¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_57 | Check all packages |
| INLINE_CODE_58 | Thorough check |
| INLINE_CODE_59 | Check specific package |
Abbaupakete¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_60 | Downgrade from cache |
| INLINE_CODE_61 | Downgrade using downgrade tool |
Haken und Schriften¶
```bash
/etc/pacman.d/hooks/example.hook¶
[Trigger] Operation = Install Operation = Upgrade Type = Package Target = *
[Action] Description = Running custom script... When = PostTransaction Exec = /usr/local/bin/custom-script.sh ```_
Fehlerbehebung
Gemeinsame Themen¶
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| Conflicting files | INLINE_CODE_62 |
| Corrupted package | INLINE_CODE_63 |
| Key issues | INLINE_CODE_64 |
| Database lock | INLINE_CODE_65 |
Paket Conflicts¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_66 | Remove without checking deps |
| INLINE_CODE_67 | Force installation |
| INLINE_CODE_68 | Ignore package during upgrade |
Schlüsselmanagement¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| INLINE_CODE_69 | Initialize keyring |
| INLINE_CODE_70 | Populate Arch keys |
| INLINE_CODE_71 | Refresh all keys |
| INLINE_CODE_72 | Receive specific key |
| ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |
| Â Leistungsoptimierung |
Parallel Downloads¶
```ini
/etc/pacman.conf¶
[options] ParallelDownloads = 5 ```_
Fastest Mirrors¶
```bash
Install reflector¶
sudo pacman -S reflector
Auto-update mirrors weekly¶
sudo systemctl enable reflector.timer ```_
SSD Optimierung¶
```ini
/etc/pacman.conf¶
[options] NoExtract = usr/share/doc/* NoExtract = usr/share/man/* NoExtract = usr/share/info/* ```_
Backup und Recovery
Paketliste Backup¶
```bash
Create package list¶
pacman -Qqe > pkglist.txt
Restore packages¶
sudo pacman -S --needed - < pkglist.txt ```_
System Snapshot¶
```bash
Create system backup¶
sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude=\\{"/dev/","/proc/","/sys/","/tmp/","/run/","/mnt/","/media/*","/lost+found"\\} /backup/
Package cache backup¶
sudo cp -r /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ /backup/pacman-cache/ ```_
oder Best Practices
Sicherheit¶
ANHANG Regular Updates: System mit sudo pacman -Syu_
2. Key Verification: Updates der Paketunterzeichner
3. AUR Vorsicht: Überprüfen Sie PKGBUILDs vor dem Bau von AUR-Paketen
4. Minimale Installation: Nur notwendige Pakete installieren
5. Backup: Regelmäßige System- und Paketlistensicherungen
Performance¶
ANHANG Mirror Optimization*: Verwenden Sie schnellste Spiegel mit Reflektor 2. **Parallel Downloads*: Parallele Downloads aktivieren 3. **Cache Management: Regelmäßige Cache-Reinigung 4. **SSD Optimierung*: Löschen Sie unnötige Dateien 5. ** Datenbankoptimierung*: Paketdatenbank sauber halten
Wartung¶
ANHANG Orphan Cleanup: Regelmäßige Entfernung von verwaisten Paketen 2. Log Monitoring: Prüfen Sie Protokolle für Probleme 3. abhängige Gesundheit: Paketabhängigkeiten überwachen 4. Mirror Health: Verifizieren Sie die Spiegel Zugänglichkeit 5. Systemkonsistenz: Regelmäßige Paketprüfung