Pacman Package Manager

generieren

Umfassende Pacman-Befehle und Workflows für Arch Linux-Paketverwaltung.

Installation und Aktualisierung

Basispakete

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -Syu | Update system (sync + upgrade) | | | | sudo pacman -S package_name | Install package | | | | sudo pacman -R package_name | Remove package | | | | sudo pacman -Rs package_name | Remove package and dependencies | | | | sudo pacman -Rns package_name | Remove package, deps, and config | | | | sudo pacman -U package.pkg.tar.xz | Install local package | |

Erweiterte Installation

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -S package1 package2 | Install multiple packages | | | | sudo pacman -S --needed package_name | Install only if not installed | | | | sudo pacman -S --asdeps package_name | Install as dependency | | | | sudo pacman -D --asdeps package_name | Mark as dependency | | | | sudo pacman -D --asexplicit package_name | Mark as explicitly installed | |

Angebotsinformationen

Suche und Information

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | pacman -Ss keyword | Search for packages | | | | pacman -Si package_name | Show package information | | | | pacman -Q | List installed packages | | | | pacman -Qs keyword | Search installed packages | | | | pacman -Qi package_name | Show installed package info | | | | pacman -Ql package_name | List package files | | | | pacman -Qo /path/to/file | Find package owning file | |

Paketabhängigkeiten

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | pacman -Qi package_name \ | grep Depends | Show dependencies | | | | pacman -Qii package_name | Show detailed package info | | | | pactree package_name | Show dependency tree | | | | pactree -r package_name | Show reverse dependencies | |

Systemwartung

Reinigungsoperationen

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -Sc | Clean package cache | | | | sudo pacman -Scc | Clean all cache | | | | sudo pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq) | Remove orphaned packages | | | | sudo pacman -Qqd \ | pacman -Rsu - | Remove unused dependencies | |

Datenbanken

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -Sy | Sync package database | | | | sudo pacman -Syy | Force sync database | | | | sudo pacman-db-upgrade | Upgrade package database | |

AUR (Arch User Repository)

AUR-Hilfe

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | yay -S package_name | Install AUR package (yay) | | | | yay -Syu | Update system including AUR | | | | yay -Ss keyword | Search AUR packages | | | | paru -S package_name | Install AUR package (paru) | |

Manuelle AUR Installation

```bash

Clone AUR package

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package_name.git cd package_name

Review PKGBUILD

cat PKGBUILD

Build and install

makepkg -si ```_

Konfigurationsdateien

Pacman Konfiguration

| | File | Description | | | --- | --- | | | /etc/pacman.conf | Main configuration | | | | /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | Mirror list | | | | /var/log/pacman.log | Package log | | | | /var/lib/pacman/local/ | Local package database | |

Beispiel pacman.conf

```ini [options] HoldPkg = pacman glibc Architecture = auto Color CheckSpace VerbosePkgLists ParallelDownloads = 5

[core] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[extra] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[community] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[multilib] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ```_

Spiegelbild

Reflektor (Mirror Optimization)

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo reflector --latest 20 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | Update mirrorlist | | | | sudo reflector --country 'United States' --latest 10 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | Country-specific mirrors | |

Automatische Spiegelauswahl

```bash

Backup current mirrorlist

sudo cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup

Edit mirrorlist

sudo nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Test mirrors

sudo pacman -Syy ```_

Paketgruppen

Konzernbetrieb

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | pacman -Sg | List all groups | | | | pacman -Sg group_name | List packages in group | | | | sudo pacman -S group_name | Install package group | | | | sudo pacman -S --needed group_name | Install missing group packages | |

Gemeinsame Fraktionen

| | Group | Description | | | --- | --- | | | base | Base system packages | | | | base-devel | Development tools | | | | gnome | GNOME desktop environment | | | | kde-applications | KDE applications | | | | xorg | X Window System | |

Erweiterte Nutzung

Paketverifikation

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -Qk | Check all packages | | | | sudo pacman -Qkk | Thorough check | | | | sudo pacman -Qk package_name | Check specific package | |

Abbaupakete

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/package-version.pkg.tar.xz | Downgrade from cache | | | | downgrade package_name | Downgrade using downgrade tool | |

Haken und Schriften

```bash

/etc/pacman.d/hooks/example.hook

[Trigger] Operation = Install Operation = Upgrade Type = Package Target = *

[Action] Description = Running custom script... When = PostTransaction Exec = /usr/local/bin/custom-script.sh ```_

Fehlerbehebung

Gemeinsame Themen

| | Problem | Solution | | | --- | --- | | | Conflicting files | sudo pacman -S --overwrite glob package | | | | Corrupted package | sudo pacman -S --force package | | | | Key issues | sudo pacman-key --refresh-keys | | | | Database lock | sudo rm /var/lib/pacman/db.lck | |

Paket Konflikte

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman -Rdd package_name | Remove without checking deps | | | | sudo pacman -S --force package_name | Force installation | | | | sudo pacman -Syu --ignore package_name | Ignore package during upgrade | |

Schlüsselverwaltung

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo pacman-key --init | Initialize keyring | | | | sudo pacman-key --populate archlinux | Populate Arch keys | | | | sudo pacman-key --refresh-keys | Refresh all keys | | | | sudo pacman-key --recv-keys KEYID | Receive specific key | |

Leistungsoptimierung

Parallele Downloads

```ini

/etc/pacman.conf

[options] ParallelDownloads = 5 ```_

Schnellste Spiegel

```bash

Install reflector

sudo pacman -S reflector

Auto-update mirrors weekly

sudo systemctl enable reflector.timer ```_

SSD Optimierung

```ini

/etc/pacman.conf

[options] NoExtract = usr/share/doc/ NoExtract = usr/share/man/ NoExtract = usr/share/info/* ```_

Backup und Recovery

Paketliste Backup

```bash

Create package list

pacman -Qqe > pkglist.txt

Restore packages

sudo pacman -S --needed - < pkglist.txt ```_

System Snapshot

```bash

Create system backup

sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude=\\{"/dev/","/proc/","/sys/","/tmp/","/run/","/mnt/","/media/*","/lost+found"\\} /backup/

Package cache backup

sudo cp -r /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ /backup/pacman-cache/ ```_

Best Practices

Sicherheit

Regular Updates: System mit sudo pacman -Syu_
Key Verification: Updates der Paketunterzeichner
AUR Vorsicht: Überprüfen Sie PKGBUILDs vor dem Bau von AUR-Paketen
Minimale Installation: Nur notwendige Pakete installieren
Backup: Regelmäßige System- und Paketlistensicherungen

Leistung

*Mirror Optimization: Verwenden Sie schnellste Spiegel mit Reflektor
*Parallel Downloads: Parallele Downloads aktivieren
Cache Management: Regelmäßige Cache-Reinigung
*SSD Optimierung: Löschen Sie unnötige Dateien
** Datenbankoptimierung*: Paketdatenbank sauber halten

Wartung

Orphan Cleanup: Regelmäßige Entfernung von verwaisten Paketen
Log Monitoring: Prüfen Sie Protokolle für Probleme
abhängige Gesundheit: Paketabhängigkeiten überwachen
Mirror Health: Verifizieren Sie die Spiegel Zugänglichkeit
Systemkonsistenz: Regelmäßige Paketprüfung