Pacman Package Manager¶
generieren
Umfassende Pacman-Befehle und Workflows für Arch Linux-Paketverwaltung.
Installation und Aktualisierung¶
Basispakete¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -Syu |
Update system (sync + upgrade) |
sudo pacman -S package_name |
Install package |
sudo pacman -R package_name |
Remove package |
sudo pacman -Rs package_name |
Remove package and dependencies |
sudo pacman -Rns package_name |
Remove package, deps, and config |
sudo pacman -U package.pkg.tar.xz |
Install local package |
Erweiterte Installation¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -S package1 package2 |
Install multiple packages |
sudo pacman -S --needed package_name |
Install only if not installed |
sudo pacman -S --asdeps package_name |
Install as dependency |
sudo pacman -D --asdeps package_name |
Mark as dependency |
sudo pacman -D --asexplicit package_name |
Mark as explicitly installed |
Angebotsinformationen¶
Suche und Information¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
pacman -Ss keyword |
Search for packages |
pacman -Si package_name |
Show package information |
pacman -Q |
List installed packages |
pacman -Qs keyword |
Search installed packages |
pacman -Qi package_name |
Show installed package info |
pacman -Ql package_name |
List package files |
pacman -Qo /path/to/file |
Find package owning file |
Paketabhängigkeiten¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
pacman -Qi package_name \|grep Depends |
Show dependencies |
pacman -Qii package_name |
Show detailed package info |
pactree package_name |
Show dependency tree |
pactree -r package_name |
Show reverse dependencies |
Systemwartung¶
Reinigungsoperationen¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -Sc |
Clean package cache |
sudo pacman -Scc |
Clean all cache |
sudo pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq) |
Remove orphaned packages |
sudo pacman -Qqd \|pacman -Rsu - |
Remove unused dependencies |
Datenbanken¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -Sy |
Sync package database |
sudo pacman -Syy |
Force sync database |
sudo pacman-db-upgrade |
Upgrade package database |
AUR (Arch User Repository)¶
AUR-Hilfe¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
yay -S package_name |
Install AUR package (yay) |
yay -Syu |
Update system including AUR |
yay -Ss keyword |
Search AUR packages |
paru -S package_name |
Install AUR package (paru) |
Manuelle AUR Installation¶
```bash
Clone AUR package¶
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package_name.git cd package_name
Review PKGBUILD¶
cat PKGBUILD
Build and install¶
makepkg -si ```_
Konfigurationsdateien¶
Pacman Konfiguration¶
| File | Description |
|---|---|
/etc/pacman.conf |
Main configuration |
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist |
Mirror list |
/var/log/pacman.log |
Package log |
/var/lib/pacman/local/ |
Local package database |
Beispiel pacman.conf¶
```ini [options] HoldPkg = pacman glibc Architecture = auto Color CheckSpace VerbosePkgLists ParallelDownloads = 5
[core] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ```_
Spiegelbild¶
Reflektor (Mirror Optimization)¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo reflector --latest 20 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist |
Update mirrorlist |
sudo reflector --country 'United States' --latest 10 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist |
Country-specific mirrors |
Automatische Spiegelauswahl¶
```bash
Backup current mirrorlist¶
sudo cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup
Edit mirrorlist¶
sudo nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Test mirrors¶
sudo pacman -Syy ```_
Paketgruppen¶
Konzernbetrieb¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
pacman -Sg |
List all groups |
pacman -Sg group_name |
List packages in group |
sudo pacman -S group_name |
Install package group |
sudo pacman -S --needed group_name |
Install missing group packages |
Gemeinsame Fraktionen¶
| Group | Description |
|---|---|
base |
Base system packages |
base-devel |
Development tools |
gnome |
GNOME desktop environment |
kde-applications |
KDE applications |
xorg |
X Window System |
Erweiterte Nutzung¶
Paketverifikation¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -Qk |
Check all packages |
sudo pacman -Qkk |
Thorough check |
sudo pacman -Qk package_name |
Check specific package |
Abbaupakete¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/package-version.pkg.tar.xz |
Downgrade from cache |
downgrade package_name |
Downgrade using downgrade tool |
Haken und Schriften¶
```bash
/etc/pacman.d/hooks/example.hook¶
[Trigger] Operation = Install Operation = Upgrade Type = Package Target = *
[Action] Description = Running custom script... When = PostTransaction Exec = /usr/local/bin/custom-script.sh ```_
Fehlerbehebung¶
Gemeinsame Themen¶
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| Conflicting files | sudo pacman -S --overwrite glob package |
| Corrupted package | sudo pacman -S --force package |
| Key issues | sudo pacman-key --refresh-keys |
| Database lock | sudo rm /var/lib/pacman/db.lck |
Paket Konflikte¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman -Rdd package_name |
Remove without checking deps |
sudo pacman -S --force package_name |
Force installation |
sudo pacman -Syu --ignore package_name |
Ignore package during upgrade |
Schlüsselverwaltung¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
sudo pacman-key --init |
Initialize keyring |
sudo pacman-key --populate archlinux |
Populate Arch keys |
sudo pacman-key --refresh-keys |
Refresh all keys |
sudo pacman-key --recv-keys KEYID |
Receive specific key |
Leistungsoptimierung¶
Parallele Downloads¶
```ini
/etc/pacman.conf¶
[options] ParallelDownloads = 5 ```_
Schnellste Spiegel¶
```bash
Install reflector¶
sudo pacman -S reflector
Auto-update mirrors weekly¶
sudo systemctl enable reflector.timer ```_
SSD Optimierung¶
```ini
/etc/pacman.conf¶
[options] NoExtract = usr/share/doc/* NoExtract = usr/share/man/* NoExtract = usr/share/info/* ```_
Backup und Recovery¶
Paketliste Backup¶
```bash
Create package list¶
pacman -Qqe > pkglist.txt
Restore packages¶
sudo pacman -S --needed - < pkglist.txt ```_
System Snapshot¶
```bash
Create system backup¶
sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude=\\{"/dev/","/proc/","/sys/","/tmp/","/run/","/mnt/","/media/*","/lost+found"\\} /backup/
Package cache backup¶
sudo cp -r /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ /backup/pacman-cache/ ```_
Best Practices¶
Sicherheit¶
- Regular Updates: System mit
sudo pacman -Syu_ - Key Verification: Updates der Paketunterzeichner
- AUR Vorsicht: Überprüfen Sie PKGBUILDs vor dem Bau von AUR-Paketen
- Minimale Installation: Nur notwendige Pakete installieren
- Backup: Regelmäßige System- und Paketlistensicherungen
Leistung¶
- **Mirror Optimization*: Verwenden Sie schnellste Spiegel mit Reflektor
- **Parallel Downloads*: Parallele Downloads aktivieren
- Cache Management: Regelmäßige Cache-Reinigung
- **SSD Optimierung*: Löschen Sie unnötige Dateien
- ** Datenbankoptimierung*: Paketdatenbank sauber halten
Wartung¶
- Orphan Cleanup: Regelmäßige Entfernung von verwaisten Paketen
- Log Monitoring: Prüfen Sie Protokolle für Probleme
- abhängige Gesundheit: Paketabhängigkeiten überwachen
- Mirror Health: Verifizieren Sie die Spiegel Zugänglichkeit
- Systemkonsistenz: Regelmäßige Paketprüfung