Nano Cheatsheet

Überblick

GNU nano ist ein einfacher, benutzerfreundlicher Texteditor für Unix- und Linux-Systeme. Es ist einfach zu bedienen und bietet eine gute Alternative zu komplexeren Editoren wie Vim oder Emacs.

Basisnutzung

Starting Nano

# Open nano
nano

# Open specific file
nano filename.txt

# Open file at specific line
nano +10 filename.txt

# Open file in read-only mode
nano -v filename.txt

# Open with line numbers
nano -l filename.txt

# Open with syntax highlighting
nano -Y python script.py
```_

### Kommandozeilenoptionen
```bash
-A, --smarthome        # Enable smart home key
-B, --backup           # Save backups of existing files
-C, --backupdir=DIR    # Directory for saving backup files
-D, --boldtext         # Use bold text instead of reverse video
-E, --tabstospaces     # Convert typed tabs to spaces
-F, --multibuffer      # Enable multiple file buffers
-G, --locking          # Use vim-style file locking
-H, --historylog       # Log search and replace strings
-I, --ignorercfiles    # Don't look at nanorc files
-J, --guidestripe=NUM  # Show guide stripe at column NUM
-K, --rawsequences     # Fix numeric keypad key confusion
-L, --nonewlines       # Don't add newlines to file ends
-M, --trimblanks       # Trim trailing whitespace when saving
-N, --noconvert        # Don't convert files from DOS/Mac format
-O, --morespace        # Use one more line for editing
-P, --positionlog      # Log and read location of cursor position
-Q, --quotestr=STR     # Quoting string for email-style quoting
-R, --restricted       # Restricted mode
-S, --smooth           # Smooth scrolling
-T, --tabsize=NUM      # Set width of a tab to NUM columns
-U, --quickblank       # Do quick statusbar blanking
-V, --version          # Print version information and exit
-W, --wordbounds       # Detect word boundaries more accurately
-X, --wordchars=STR    # Which characters are word parts
-Y, --syntax=NAME      # Syntax definition to use for coloring
-Z, --zap              # Let Bsp and Del erase a marked region
-a, --atblanks         # When soft-wrapping, do it at whitespace
-b, --breaklonglines   # Automatically hard-wrap overlong lines
-c, --constantshow     # Constantly show cursor position
-d, --rebinddelete     # Fix Backspace/Delete confusion problem
-e, --emptyline        # Keep the line below the title bar empty
-f, --rcfile=FILE      # Use only this file for configuring nano
-g, --showcursor       # Show cursor in file browser
-h, --help             # Show help message and exit
-i, --autoindent       # Automatically indent new lines
-j, --jumpyscrolling   # Scroll by half-screens, not by lines
-k, --cutfromcursor    # Cut from cursor to end of line
-l, --linenumbers      # Show line numbers in front of the text
-m, --mouse            # Enable mouse support
-n, --noread           # Do not read the file (only write it)
-o, --operatingdir=DIR # Set operating directory
-p, --preserve         # Preserve XON (^Q) and XOFF (^S) keys
-q, --indicator        # Show a position+portion indicator
-r, --fill=NUM         # Set hard-wrap point at column NUM
-s, --speller=PROG     # Enable alternate speller
-t, --saveonexit       # Save changes on exit, don't prompt
-u, --unix             # Save a file by default in Unix format
-v, --view             # View mode (read-only)
-w, --nowrap           # Don't hard-wrap long lines
-x, --nohelp           # Don't show the two help lines
-y, --afterends        # Make Ctrl+Right stop at word ends
-z, --suspend          # Enable suspension
```_

## Navigation

### Grundbewegung

Arrow keys # Move cursor Ctrl+A # Go to beginning of line Ctrl+E # Go to end of line Ctrl+Y # Go to previous page Ctrl+V # Go to next page Ctrl+_ # Go to line and column number Alt+G # Go to line number Alt+] # Go to matching bracket

### Erweiterte Navigation

Ctrl+P # Previous line Ctrl+N # Next line Ctrl+F # Forward one character Ctrl+B # Backward one character Alt+Space # Forward one word Ctrl+Space # Backward one word Alt+( # Go to beginning of paragraph Alt+) # Go to end of paragraph

## Bearbeitung

### Grundbearbeitung

Ctrl+K # Cut current line Ctrl+U # Paste (uncut) Ctrl+6 # Mark text (start selection) Alt+6 # Copy marked text Ctrl+K # Cut marked text Alt+U # Undo last operation Alt+E # Redo last undone operation Ctrl+D # Delete character under cursor Ctrl+H # Delete character before cursor

### Erweiterte Bearbeitung

Alt+3 # Comment/uncomment line Alt+\\} # Indent marked text Alt+\\{ # Unindent marked text Ctrl+T # Execute command Alt+T # Cut from cursor to end of file Alt+J # Justify paragraph Alt+B # Backward search Alt+W # Forward search Ctrl+\ # Replace text

## Suchen und Ersetzen

### Suche

Ctrl+W # Search (Where is) Alt+W # Search next occurrence Alt+Q # Search previous occurrence Ctrl+Q # Start backward search

### Ersatz

Ctrl+\ # Search and replace Alt+R # Replace in selection

### Suchoptionen

M-C # Case sensitive search M-R # Regular expression search M-B # Backward search M-W # Whole word search

## Dateioperationen

### Dateiverwaltung

Ctrl+O # Write out (save) file Ctrl+R # Read file (insert file) Ctrl+X # Exit nano Ctrl+G # Get help Ctrl+C # Show cursor position

### Mehrere Dateien

Alt+< # Switch to previous file Alt+> # Switch to next file Ctrl+T # To Files (file browser)

## Auswahl und Kopieren

### Textauswahl

Ctrl+6 # Start marking text Alt+A # Mark all text Ctrl+K # Cut marked text Alt+6 # Copy marked text without cutting Ctrl+U # Paste text

### Erweiterte Auswahl

Alt+Shift+Arrow # Select text with arrow keys Ctrl+6 + movement # Mark text while moving

## Konfiguration

### Konfigurationsdatei (.nanorc)
```bash
# Create/edit configuration file
nano ~/.nanorc

# System-wide configuration
/etc/nanorc
```_

### Gemeinsame Konfigurationsoptionen
```bash
# Show line numbers
set linenumbers

# Enable mouse support
set mouse

# Set tab size
set tabsize 4

# Convert tabs to spaces
set tabstospaces

# Enable auto-indentation
set autoindent

# Enable soft wrapping
set softwrap

# Show whitespace
set whitespace

# Enable syntax highlighting
include "/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc"

# Set backup directory
set backupdir "~/.nano/backups"

# Enable backups
set backup

# Smooth scrolling
set smooth

# Show cursor position
set constantshow

# Enable suspension with Ctrl+Z
set suspend

# Trim trailing whitespace
set trimblanks

# Use bold text
set boldtext

# Show guide stripe at column 80
set guidestripe 80
```_

### Syntax Highlights
```bash
# Enable syntax highlighting for specific file types
syntax "python" "\.py$"
| color blue "def | class | import | from " |
color red "".*""
color green "#.*$"

# Include all available syntax files
include "/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc"

# Custom syntax highlighting
syntax "myconfig" "\.conf$|\.config$"
color red "^[[:space:]]*[^=]*="
color blue "=.*$"
color green "^[[:space:]]*#.*$"
```_

## Schlüsselbindungen

### Default Schlüsselbindungen

^G Get Help ^O Write Out ^W Where Is ^K Cut Text ^X Exit ^R Read File ^\ Replace ^U Paste Text ^J Justify ^T To Spell ^C Cur Pos ^_ Go To Line

### Kundenspezifische Schlüsselbindungen
```bash
# In .nanorc file
bind ^S savefile main
bind ^Q exit main
bind ^F whereis main
bind ^H help main
bind M-U undo main
bind M-R redo main
```_

## Spell Checking

### Eingebauter Spell Checker

Ctrl+T # Invoke spell checker

### Externer Spell Checker
```bash
# Use aspell
nano -s aspell filename.txt

# Use ispell
nano -s ispell filename.txt

# Configure in .nanorc
set speller "aspell -x -c"
```_

## Mehrere Buffers

### Buffer Management

Alt+< # Previous buffer Alt+> # Next buffer Ctrl+T # File browser

### Mehrere Dateien öffnen
```bash
# Open multiple files
nano file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt

# Enable multibuffer mode
nano -F file1.txt file2.txt
```_

## Erweiterte Funktionen

### Reguläre Ausdrücke
```bash
# Enable regex in search/replace
Alt+R (during search)

# Common regex patterns
.             # Any character
* # Zero or more of preceding
+ # One or more of preceding
?             # Zero or one of preceding
^             # Beginning of line
$             # End of line
[abc]         # Any of a, b, or c
[^abc]        # Not a, b, or c
\d            # Digit
\w            # Word character
\s            # Whitespace
```_

### Macros
```bash
# Nano doesn't have built-in macros, but you can:
# 1. Use external tools
# 2. Create shell scripts
# 3. Use sed/awk for repetitive tasks
```_

### Backup und Recovery
```bash
# Enable backups in .nanorc
set backup
set backupdir "~/.nano/backups"

# Backup files are created with ~ suffix
# Original: file.txt
# Backup: file.txt~
```_

## Tipps und Tricks

### Produktivität Tipps

Ctrl+A, Ctrl+K # Cut entire line quickly Ctrl+6, Ctrl+E, Alt+6 # Copy entire line Alt+3 # Comment/uncomment (if configured) Ctrl+W, Ctrl+R # Search and replace workflow Ctrl+C # Check cursor position and file stats

### Nützliche Kombinationen
```bash
# Quick save and exit
Ctrl+O, Enter, Ctrl+X

# Select all and copy
Alt+A, Alt+6

# Go to specific line
Ctrl+_, line_number, Enter

# Search for text and replace
Ctrl+W, search_term, Enter, Ctrl+\, replacement, Enter
```_

### Arbeiten mit großen Dateien
```bash
# Open large files efficiently
nano -v largefile.txt  # Read-only mode

# Use line numbers for navigation
nano -l largefile.txt

# Jump to specific line
nano +1000 largefile.txt
```_

## Fehlerbehebung

### Gemeinsame Themen
```bash
# Terminal issues
export TERM=xterm-256color

# Key binding conflicts
# Check terminal settings
stty -a

# Permission issues
sudo nano /etc/hosts

# Encoding issues
nano -T 4 file.txt  # Set tab width
```_

### Erholung
```bash
# Recover unsaved changes
# Nano creates .save files for unsaved work
ls -la *.save

# Restore from backup
cp file.txt~ file.txt
```_

## Vergleich mit anderen Editoren

### Nano vs Vim

Nano: + Easy to learn + Intuitive key bindings + Good for beginners - Limited advanced features - Less efficient for complex editing

Vim: + Powerful editing capabilities + Highly customizable + Modal editing - Steep learning curve - Complex key bindings

### Nano gegen Emacs

Nano: + Simple and lightweight + Quick startup + Easy configuration - Limited extensibility - Fewer features

Emacs: + Highly extensible + Rich feature set + Powerful customization - Complex interface - Resource intensive ```_

Ressourcen

• *Offizielle Dokumentation: nano-editor.org
• Manuelle Seite*: man nano_
• Help*: nano --help oder Ctrl+G in Nano
• *Konfigurationsbeispiele: /usr/share/doc/nano/examples/_