Zum Inhalt

Linux Dateiverwaltung Cheat Sheet

generieren

Überblick

Das Linux-Dateimanagement umfasst die wesentlichen Befehle und Techniken zum Navigieren, Organisieren und Manipulieren von Dateien und Verzeichnissen in Linux-Systemen. Dieser umfassende Leitfaden umfasst alles von der Grundnavigation bis hin zu erweiterten Dateioperationen, Berechtigungenmanagement und Strategien zur Dateisystemorganisation, die jeder IT-Experte zu meistern braucht.

ZEIT Warning: Dateioperationen wie rm -rf können Daten dauerhaft löschen. Überprüfen Sie immer Ihre Befehle und pflegen Backups von kritischen Dateien.

Hauptnavigation

```bash

Print current working directory

pwd

List directory contents

ls ls -la # Detailed listing with hidden files ls -lh # Human-readable file sizes ls -lt # Sort by modification time ls -lS # Sort by file size

Change directory

cd /path/to/directory cd ~ # Go to home directory cd - # Go to previous directory cd .. # Go up one directory level cd ../.. # Go up two directory levels ```_

Erweiterte Navigation

```bash

Find files and directories

find /path -name "filename" find . -type f -name "*.log" find /home -user username find . -size +100M find . -mtime -7 # Modified in last 7 days

Locate files using database

locate filename updatedb # Update locate database

Which command shows path of executable

which command_name whereis command_name ```_

Verzeichnis Operationen

Erstellung von Verzeichnissen

```bash

Create single directory

mkdir directory_name

Create nested directories

mkdir -p path/to/nested/directories

Create multiple directories

mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3

Create directory with specific permissions

mkdir -m 755 directory_name ```_

Entfernen von Verzeichnissen

```bash

Remove empty directory

rmdir directory_name

Remove directory and contents (dangerous!)

rm -rf directory_name

Remove multiple empty directories

rmdir dir1 dir2 dir3

Interactive removal

rm -ri directory_name ```_

Dateioperationen

Dateien erstellen

```bash

Create empty file

touch filename

Create multiple files

touch file1 file2 file3

Create file with specific timestamp

touch -t 202501011200 filename

Create file and add content

echo "content" > filename cat > filename << EOF Multiple lines of content EOF ```_

Kopieren von Dateien

```bash

Copy file

cp source_file destination_file

Copy file to directory

cp file /path/to/directory/

Copy multiple files

cp file1 file2 file3 /destination/

Copy directory recursively

cp -r source_directory destination_directory

Copy preserving attributes

cp -p source_file destination_file

Copy only if newer

cp -u source_file destination_file

Interactive copy (prompt before overwrite)

cp -i source_file destination_file

Verbose copy

cp -v source_file destination_file ```_

Dateien verschieben und umbenennen

```bash

Move/rename file

mv old_name new_name

Move file to directory

mv file /path/to/directory/

Move multiple files

mv file1 file2 file3 /destination/

Interactive move

mv -i source destination

Verbose move

mv -v source destination

Backup before overwrite

mv -b source destination ```_

Löschen von Dateien

```bash

Remove file

rm filename

Remove multiple files

rm file1 file2 file3

Remove with confirmation

rm -i filename

Force remove (no confirmation)

rm -f filename

Remove files matching pattern

rm .tmp rm -f /tmp/.log

Verbose removal

rm -v filename ```_

File Berechtigungen und Eigentum

Berechtigungen verstehen

```bash

View file permissions

ls -l filename

Permission format: drwxrwxrwx

d = directory, - = file

rwx = read, write, execute for owner

rwx = read, write, execute for group

rwx = read, write, execute for others

```_

Genehmigungen ändern

```bash

Numeric permissions

chmod 755 filename # rwxr-xr-x chmod 644 filename # rw-r--r-- chmod 600 filename # rw------- chmod 777 filename # rwxrwxrwx

Symbolic permissions

chmod u+x filename # Add execute for owner chmod g-w filename # Remove write for group chmod o=r filename # Set others to read only chmod a+r filename # Add read for all

Recursive permissions

chmod -R 755 directory/

Copy permissions from another file

chmod --reference=file1 file2 ```_

Eigentümer ändern

```bash

Change owner

chown username filename chown username:groupname filename

Change group only

chgrp groupname filename

Recursive ownership change

chown -R username:groupname directory/

Change ownership to current user

chown $USER filename ```_

Dateiverknüpfung

```bash

Create hard link

ln source_file link_name

View link count

ls -l filename

Find all hard links to a file

find / -samefile filename ```_

```bash

Create symbolic link

ln -s /path/to/source link_name

Create symbolic link in different directory

ln -s /full/path/to/source /path/to/link

View symbolic link target

ls -l link_name readlink link_name

Remove symbolic link

rm link_name unlink link_name ```_

File Content Operationen

Dateiinhalt anzeigen

```bash

Display entire file

cat filename

Display with line numbers

cat -n filename

Display file page by page

less filename more filename

Display first lines

head filename head -n 20 filename

Display last lines

tail filename tail -n 20 filename tail -f filename # Follow file changes

Display specific lines

sed -n '10,20p' filename ```_

Dateivergleich

```bash

Compare files line by line

diff file1 file2

Unified diff format

diff -u file1 file2

Compare directories

diff -r dir1 dir2

Ignore case differences

diff -i file1 file2

Side-by-side comparison

diff -y file1 file2 ```_

Dateisuche und Filterung

Inhalt suchen

```bash

Search for pattern in file

grep "pattern" filename

Case-insensitive search

grep -i "pattern" filename

Recursive search in directories

grep -r "pattern" /path/

Show line numbers

grep -n "pattern" filename

Show only matching filenames

grep -l "pattern" *.txt

Invert match (show non-matching lines)

grep -v "pattern" filename

Extended regular expressions

grep -E "pattern1|pattern2" filename ```_

Dateityp und Informationen

```bash

Determine file type

file filename

Display file statistics

stat filename

Calculate file checksums

md5sum filename sha256sum filename

Count lines, words, characters

wc filename wc -l filename # Lines only wc -w filename # Words only wc -c filename # Characters only ```_

Archiv und Kompression

Archiv erstellen

```bash

Create tar archive

tar -cf archive.tar files/

Create compressed tar archive

tar -czf archive.tar.gz files/ tar -cjf archive.tar.bz2 files/

Create zip archive

zip -r archive.zip files/ ```_

Archiv extrahieren

```bash

Extract tar archive

tar -xf archive.tar

Extract compressed tar archive

tar -xzf archive.tar.gz tar -xjf archive.tar.bz2

Extract to specific directory

tar -xzf archive.tar.gz -C /destination/

Extract zip archive

unzip archive.zip ```_

Archiv Information

```bash

List archive contents

tar -tf archive.tar tar -tzf archive.tar.gz unzip -l archive.zip

Verbose extraction

tar -xvf archive.tar ```_

Festplattennutzung und Raummanagement

Überprüfung der Festplattennutzung

```bash

Display disk usage by directory

du -h directory/ du -sh directory/ # Summary only du -ah directory/ # Include files

Display largest directories

du -h|sort -hr|head -10

Check filesystem usage

df -h df -i # Inode usage ```_

Große Dateien finden

```bash

Find files larger than size

find / -size +100M find / -size +1G

Find largest files in directory

find . -type f -exec ls -lh \\{\\} \;|sort -k5 -hr|head -10

Find files by age

find / -mtime +30 # Older than 30 days find / -atime -7 # Accessed in last 7 days ```_

Dateisystemüberwachung

Echtzeitüberwachung

```bash

Monitor file changes

inotifywait -m /path/to/watch

Monitor directory recursively

inotifywait -mr /path/to/watch

Watch file modifications

watch -n 1 'ls -la /path/to/file' ```_

Informationen zum System

```bash

Display mounted filesystems

mount findmnt

Show filesystem type

lsblk -f blkid

Check filesystem

fsck /dev/device ```_

Fehlerbehebung

Genehmigungsfragen

```bash

Fix common permission problems

chmod 644 /path/to/files/* chmod 755 /path/to/directories/

Reset ownership to user

chown -R \(USER:\)USER /path/to/directory/

Find files with specific permissions

find / -perm 777 find / -perm -4000 # Find SUID files ```_

Operationen

```bash

Recover deleted files (if possible)

lsof|grep deleted

Check for file system errors

dmesg|grep -i error

Force filesystem check on next boot

touch /forcefsck ```_

Ressourcen

--

*Dieses Betrugsblatt bietet umfassende Dateiverwaltungsbefehle für Linux-Systeme. Testen Sie immer Befehle in einer sicheren Umgebung, bevor Sie sie auf Produktionssystemen verwenden. *