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Calico

Platform/Methode Befehl
Operator (Recommended) kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
Manifest-Based kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/calico.yaml
Helm helm install calico projectcalico/tigera-operator --namespace tigera-operator --create-namespace
calicoctl (Linux) curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.27.0/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o calicoctl && chmod +x calicoctl && sudo mv calicoctl /usr/local/bin/
calicoctl (macOS) brew install calicoctl
calicoctl (Windows) Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.27.0/calicoctl-windows-amd64.exe" -OutFile "calicoctl.exe"
calicoctl as Pod kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/calicoctl.yaml
Amazon EKS kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/calico-vxlan.yaml
Azure AKS az aks create --network-plugin azure --network-policy calico
Befehl Beschreibung
calicoctl version Calico-Versionsinformationen anzeigen
calicoctl node status Zeige BGP Peering-Status und Routen
calicoctl get nodes Alle Nodes auflisten, die Calico ausführen
calicoctl get nodes -o wide Listenknoten mit zusätzlichen Details
calicoctl get ippools Alle IP-Adresspools anzeigen
calicoctl get ippool default-ipv4-ippool -o yaml Detaillierte IP-Pool-Konfiguration anzeigen
calicoctl get workloadendpoints Alle Workload-Endpunkte (Pods) auflisten
calicoctl get wep --all-namespaces Listet Workload-Endpunkte über alle Namespaces hinweg
calicoctl get networkpolicy Alle Netzwerkrichtlinien anzeigen
calicoctl get networkpolicy -n NAMESPACE Richtlinien in einem bestimmten Namespace auflisten
calicoctl get globalnetworkpolicy Globale Netzwerkrichtlinien anzeigen
calicoctl get profiles Alle Calico-Profile auflisten
calicoctl get hostendpoints Host-Endpunkt-Konfigurationen anzeigen
kubectl get pods -n calico-system Calico-Systempods-Status überprüfen
kubectl get installation default -o yaml Calico-Installationskonfiguration anzeigen
Befehl Beschreibung
calicoctl apply -f network-policy.yaml Netzwerkrichtlinie aus Datei anwenden
calicoctl delete networkpolicy POLICY_NAME -n NAMESPACE Netzwerkrichtlinie löschen
calicoctl get bgpconfig default -o yaml BGP-Konfiguration anzeigen
calicoctl get bgppeers Alle BGP Peer-Konfigurationen auflisten
calicoctl apply -f bgppeer.yaml BGP-Peering konfigurieren
calicoctl get felixconfiguration default -o yaml Felix (Agent) Konfiguration anzeigen
calicoctl patch felixconfiguration default --patch='{"spec":{"bpfEnabled":true}}' eBPF-Datenebene aktivieren
calicoctl ipam show IP-Adressenzuweisungsinformationen anzeigen
calicoctl ipam show --show-blocks Detaillierte IP-Allokationsblöcke anzeigen
calicoctl ipam release --ip=IP_ADDRESS IP-Adresse freigeben
calicoctl datastore migrate export > calico-data.yaml Export Calico Datastore
calicoctl datastore migrate import < calico-data.yaml Calico Datastore importieren
calicoctl get node NODE_NAME -o yaml Detaillierte Node-Konfiguration abrufen
calicoctl patch ippool default-ipv4-ippool -p '{"spec":{"natOutgoing":true}}' NAT für IP-Pool aktivieren
calicoctl convert -f old-policy.yaml -o new-policy.yaml Konvertiere Policy zur neueren API-Version 
# ~/.calico/calicoctl.cfg
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: CalicoAPIConfig
metadata:
spec:
  datastoreType: "kubernetes"
  kubeconfig: "/home/user/.kube/config"
```## Erweiterte Nutzung
```bash
export CALICO_DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes
export CALICO_KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config
export CALICO_APICONFIG=/path/to/calicoctl.cfg
```## Konfiguration
```yaml
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: IPPool
metadata:
  name: default-ipv4-ippool
spec:
  cidr: 192.168.0.0/16
  ipipMode: CrossSubnet
  natOutgoing: true
  disabled: false
  blockSize: 26
```### calicoctl Konfigurationsdatei
```yaml
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: BGPConfiguration
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  logSeverityScreen: Info
  nodeToNodeMeshEnabled: true
  asNumber: 64512
  serviceClusterIPs:
  - cidr: 10.96.0.0/12
```### Umgebungsvariablen
```yaml
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: FelixConfiguration
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  logSeverityScreen: Info
  reportingInterval: 60s
  ipipEnabled: true
  ipipMTU: 1440
  bpfEnabled: false
  wireguardEnabled: false
```### IP-Pool-Konfiguration
```bash
# Create deny-all default policy
cat <<EOF | calicoctl apply -f -
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: default-deny
  namespace: production
spec:
  selector: all()
  types:
  - Ingress
  - Egress
EOF

# Verify policy
calicoctl get networkpolicy -n production
```### BGP-Konfiguration
```bash
# Allow frontend to backend communication
cat <<EOF | calicoctl apply -f -
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: frontend-to-backend
  namespace: production
spec:
  selector: app == 'frontend'
  types:
  - Egress
  egress:
  - action: Allow
    destination:
      selector: app == 'backend'
      ports:
      - 8080
EOF
```### Felix-Konfiguration
```bash
# Add BGP peer for Top-of-Rack switch
cat <<EOF | calicoctl apply -f -
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: BGPPeer
metadata:
  name: rack1-tor
spec:
  node: k8s-node-01
  peerIP: 192.168.1.1
  asNumber: 64512
EOF

# Verify BGP peering
calicoctl node status
```## Häufige Anwendungsfälle
```bash
# Enable WireGuard on Felix
calicoctl patch felixconfiguration default --type=merge --patch='{"spec":{"wireguardEnabled":true}}'

# Verify WireGuard status
kubectl get nodes -o yaml | grep wireguard

# Check encryption on specific node
calicoctl get node NODE_NAME -o yaml | grep wireguard
```### Anwendungsfall 1: Gesamten Datenverkehr zum Namespace verweigern
```bash
# Create global policy to protect Kubernetes nodes
cat <<EOF | calicoctl apply -f -
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: GlobalNetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: host-protection
spec:
  selector: has(host-endpoint)
  order: 0
  ingress:
  - action: Allow
    protocol: TCP
    destination:
      ports: [22, 179, 443, 6443]
  - action: Deny
  egress:
  - action: Allow
EOF
```### Anwendungsfall 2: Datenverkehr zwischen bestimmten Pods zulassen
`bpfEnabled: true`### Anwendungsfall 3: BGP-Peering mit ToR-Switch konfigurieren
`calicoctl node status`### Anwendungsfall 4: WireGuard-Verschlüsselung aktivieren
`blockSize`### Anwendungsfall 5: Globale Netzwerk-Policy zum Host-Schutz erstellen
`order`## Bewährte Praktiken
`calicoctl datastore migrate export`- **Netzwerk-Policies frühzeitig verwenden**: Implementieren Sie Standard-Ablehnungs-Policies auf Namespace-Ebene, bevor Sie Anwendungen bereitstellen, um eine Zero-Trust-Sicherheit von Anfang an zu erzwingen

| Problem | Lösung |
|-------|----------|
| **Pods can't communicate across nodes** | Check BGP peering: `calicoctl node status`. Verify IP pool CIDR doesn't conflict: `calicoctl get ippools` |
| **Network policy not taking effect** | Verify policy selector matches pod labels: `kubectl get pods --show-labels`. Check policy order and types (Ingress/Egress) |
| **High CPU usage on nodes** | Enable eBPF dataplane: `calicoctl patch felixconfiguration default --patch='{"spec":{"bpfEnabled":true}}'` |
| **IP address exhaustion** | Check IP allocation: `calicoctl ipam show --show-blocks`. Increase IP pool size or adjust blockSize |
| **calicoctl commands fail** | Verify datastore config: `echo $CALICO_DATASTORE_TYPE`. Check kubeconfig: `kubectl get nodes` |
| **Calico pods in CrashLoopBackOff** | Check logs: `kubectl logs -n calico-system -l k8s-app=calico-node`. Verify kernel modules: `lsmod | grep ip_tables` |
| **BGP routes not propagating** | Disable node-to-node mesh if using ToR: `calicoctl patch bgpconfig default -p '{"spec":{"nodeToNodeMeshEnabled":false}}'` |
| **MTU issues causing packet loss** | Adjust IPIP MTU: `calicoctl patch felixconfig default -p '{"spec":{"ipipMTU":1440}}'` or disable IPIP |
| **WireGuard encryption not working** | Verify kernel support: `modprobe wireguard && lsmod | grep wireguard`. Check Felix config: `calicoctl get felixconfig default -o yaml` |
| **Workload endpoints not appearing** | Restart calico-node pod: `kubectl delete pod -n calico-system -l k8s-app=calico-node`. Verify CNI config: `cat /etc/cni/net.d/10-calico.conflist` |
## Schnellreferenz: Richtlinienbeispiele

### DNS-Verkehr erlauben

```yaml
apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-dns
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector: all()
  types:
  - Egress
  egress:
  - action: Allow
    protocol: UDP
    destination:
      selector: k8s-app == 'kube-dns'
      ports: [53]

Ingress aus bestimmtem Namespace erlauben

apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-from-frontend
  namespace: backend
spec:
  selector: app == 'api'
  types:
  - Ingress
  ingress:
  - action: Allow
    source:
      namespaceSelector: name == 'frontend'

Ratenbegrenzung (Globale Richtlinie)```yaml

apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3 kind: GlobalNetworkPolicy metadata: name: rate-limit-external spec: selector: role == 'public-api' types: - Ingress ingress: - action: Allow source: notNets: [10.0.0.0/8] metadata: annotations: rate-limit: "100" ```