APT Paketmanager
generieren
Umfassendes APT (Advanced Package Tool) Befehle und Workflows für Debian und Ubuntu Paketmanagement.
Installation und Aktualisierung
Basispakete
| Command |
Description |
sudo apt update |
Update package index |
sudo apt upgrade |
Upgrade all packages |
sudo apt full-upgrade |
Upgrade with dependency resolution |
sudo apt install package_name |
Install package |
sudo apt remove package_name |
Remove package |
sudo apt purge package_name |
Remove package and config files |
sudo apt autoremove |
Remove unused dependencies |
Erweiterte Installation
| Command |
Description |
sudo apt install package1 package2 |
Install multiple packages |
sudo apt install package=version |
Install specific version |
sudo apt install ./package.deb |
Install local .deb file |
sudo apt reinstall package_name |
Reinstall package |
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends package |
Install without recommended packages |
| Command |
Description |
apt search keyword |
Search for packages |
apt show package_name |
Show package information |
apt list --installed |
List installed packages |
apt list --upgradable |
List upgradable packages |
apt list package_name |
Check if package is available |
dpkg -l |
List all installed packages |
dpkg -l|grep package |
Search installed packages |
Paketabhängigkeiten
| Command |
Description |
apt depends package_name |
Show package dependencies |
apt rdepends package_name |
Show reverse dependencies |
apt-cache policy package_name |
Show package policy |
Repository Management
Repository Operationen
| Command |
Description |
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/repo |
Add PPA repository |
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:user/repo |
Remove PPA repository |
sudo apt edit-sources |
Edit sources list |
ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ |
List additional repositories |
GPG Schlüssel
| Command |
Description |
sudo apt-key list |
List GPG keys |
wget -qO - https://example.com/key.gpg \|sudo apt-key add - |
Add GPG key |
sudo apt-key del KEYID |
Remove GPG key |
Systemwartung
Reinigungsoperationen
| Command |
Description |
sudo apt autoclean |
Clean package cache |
sudo apt clean |
Remove all cached packages |
sudo apt autoremove --purge |
Remove unused packages and configs |
sudo apt-get check |
Check for broken dependencies |
Fehlerpakete beheben
| Command |
Description |
sudo apt --fix-broken install |
Fix broken dependencies |
sudo dpkg --configure -a |
Configure unconfigured packages |
sudo apt-get -f install |
Force install to fix dependencies |
Konfigurationsdateien
APT Konfiguration
| File |
Description |
/etc/apt/sources.list |
Main repository list |
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ |
Additional repository files |
/etc/apt/apt.conf |
APT configuration |
/etc/apt/preferences |
Package pinning |
Beispielquellen. Liste
```bash
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse
```_
Paket Pinning
Pin-Paket Version
```bash
/etc/apt/preferences.d/package-pin
Package: package_name
Pin: version 1.2.3*
Pin-Priority: 1001
```_
Pin Repository
```bash
/etc/apt/preferences.d/repo-pin
Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=jammy-backports
Pin-Priority: 100
```_
Erweiterte Nutzung
Simulation und Prüfung
| Command |
Description |
apt list --upgradable -a |
Show all available versions |
sudo apt upgrade --dry-run |
Simulate upgrade |
sudo apt install package --dry-run |
Simulate installation |
Protokollierung und Geschichte
| Command |
Description |
cat /var/log/apt/history.log |
View installation history |
cat /var/log/apt/term.log |
View detailed logs |
grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log |
View dpkg install log |
Fehlerbehebung
Gemeinsame Themen
| Problem |
Solution |
| Package conflicts |
sudo apt --fix-broken install |
| Locked database |
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock* |
| Corrupted cache |
sudo apt clean && sudo apt update |
| Unmet dependencies |
sudo apt -f install |
Notfallrettung
| Command |
Description |
sudo dpkg --force-depends --remove package |
Force remove problematic package |
sudo apt-get download package |
Download package without installing |
sudo dpkg -i --force-depends package.deb |
Force install .deb file |
Best Practices
Sicherheit
- Regular Updates: Laufen
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade regelmäßig
- **Verify Sources*: Nur vertrauenswürdige Repositories hinzufügen
- GPG Verifikation: Stellen Sie sicher, dass Pakete ordnungsgemäß unterzeichnet werden
- Sicherheitsupdates: Automatische Sicherheitsupdates aktivieren
- Backup: Wichtige Daten vor großen Upgrades sichern
Leistung
- Mirror Selection: Verwenden Sie den schnellsten Spiegel für Ihren Standort
- **Parallel Downloads*: Parallele Downloads in apt.conf aktivieren
- Cache Management: Regelmäßige Reinigung von Paket Cache
- **Abhängige Entschließung*: Verwenden Sie apt anstelle von apt-get für bessere Ausgabe
- Netzwerk: Verwenden Sie eine zuverlässige Netzwerkverbindung für Updates
Wartung
- **Regular Cleanup*: Ungenutzte Pakete und Abhängigkeiten entfernen
- Log Monitoring: Logs für Fehler und Warnungen überprüfen
- Disk Space: Speicherplatz in /var/cache/apt/
- Repository Health: Verifizieren Sie die Verfügbarkeit von Repositorys
- ** System Consistency**: Regelmäßige Abhängigkeitsprüfungen