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APT Paketmanager

generieren

Umfassendes APT (Advanced Package Tool) Befehle und Workflows für Debian und Ubuntu Paketmanagement.

Installation und Aktualisierung

Basispakete

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo apt update | Update package index | | | | sudo apt upgrade | Upgrade all packages | | | | sudo apt full-upgrade | Upgrade with dependency resolution | | | | sudo apt install package_name | Install package | | | | sudo apt remove package_name | Remove package | | | | sudo apt purge package_name | Remove package and config files | | | | sudo apt autoremove | Remove unused dependencies | |

Erweiterte Installation

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo apt install package1 package2 | Install multiple packages | | | | sudo apt install package=version | Install specific version | | | | sudo apt install ./package.deb | Install local .deb file | | | | sudo apt reinstall package_name | Reinstall package | | | | sudo apt install --no-install-recommends package | Install without recommended packages | |

Angebotsinformationen

Suche und Information

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | apt search keyword | Search for packages | | | | apt show package_name | Show package information | | | | apt list --installed | List installed packages | | | | apt list --upgradable | List upgradable packages | | | | apt list package_name | Check if package is available | | | | dpkg -l | List all installed packages | | | | dpkg -l | grep package | Search installed packages | |

Paketabhängigkeiten

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | apt depends package_name | Show package dependencies | | | | apt rdepends package_name | Show reverse dependencies | | | | apt-cache policy package_name | Show package policy | |

Repository Management

Repository Operationen

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/repo | Add PPA repository | | | | sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:user/repo | Remove PPA repository | | | | sudo apt edit-sources | Edit sources list | | | | ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ | List additional repositories | |

GPG Schlüssel

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo apt-key list | List GPG keys | | | | wget -qO - https://example.com/key.gpg \ | sudo apt-key add - | Add GPG key | | | | sudo apt-key del KEYID | Remove GPG key | |

Systemwartung

Reinigungsoperationen

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo apt autoclean | Clean package cache | | | | sudo apt clean | Remove all cached packages | | | | sudo apt autoremove --purge | Remove unused packages and configs | | | | sudo apt-get check | Check for broken dependencies | |

Fehlerpakete beheben

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo apt --fix-broken install | Fix broken dependencies | | | | sudo dpkg --configure -a | Configure unconfigured packages | | | | sudo apt-get -f install | Force install to fix dependencies | |

Konfigurationsdateien

APT Konfiguration

| | File | Description | | | --- | --- | | | /etc/apt/sources.list | Main repository list | | | | /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ | Additional repository files | | | | /etc/apt/apt.conf | APT configuration | | | | /etc/apt/preferences | Package pinning | |

Beispielquellen. Liste

```bash

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse ```_

Paket Pinning

Pin-Paket Version

```bash

/etc/apt/preferences.d/package-pin

Package: package_name Pin: version 1.2.3* Pin-Priority: 1001 ```_

Pin Repository

```bash

/etc/apt/preferences.d/repo-pin

Package: * Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=jammy-backports Pin-Priority: 100 ```_

Erweiterte Nutzung

Simulation und Prüfung

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | apt list --upgradable -a | Show all available versions | | | | sudo apt upgrade --dry-run | Simulate upgrade | | | | sudo apt install package --dry-run | Simulate installation | |

Protokollierung und Geschichte

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | cat /var/log/apt/history.log | View installation history | | | | cat /var/log/apt/term.log | View detailed logs | | | | grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log | View dpkg install log | |

Fehlerbehebung

Gemeinsame Themen

| | Problem | Solution | | | --- | --- | | | Package conflicts | sudo apt --fix-broken install | | | | Locked database | sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock* | | | | Corrupted cache | sudo apt clean && sudo apt update | | | | Unmet dependencies | sudo apt -f install | |

Notfallrettung

| | Command | Description | | | --- | --- | | | sudo dpkg --force-depends --remove package | Force remove problematic package | | | | sudo apt-get download package | Download package without installing | | | | sudo dpkg -i --force-depends package.deb | Force install .deb file | |

Best Practices

Sicherheit

  1. Regular Updates: Laufen sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade regelmäßig
  2. *Verify Sources: Nur vertrauenswürdige Repositories hinzufügen
  3. GPG Verifikation: Stellen Sie sicher, dass Pakete ordnungsgemäß unterzeichnet werden
  4. Sicherheitsupdates: Automatische Sicherheitsupdates aktivieren
  5. Backup: Wichtige Daten vor großen Upgrades sichern

Leistung

  1. Mirror Selection: Verwenden Sie den schnellsten Spiegel für Ihren Standort
  2. *Parallel Downloads: Parallele Downloads in apt.conf aktivieren
  3. Cache Management: Regelmäßige Reinigung von Paket Cache
  4. *Abhängige Entschließung: Verwenden Sie apt anstelle von apt-get für bessere Ausgabe
  5. Netzwerk: Verwenden Sie eine zuverlässige Netzwerkverbindung für Updates

Wartung

  1. *Regular Cleanup: Ungenutzte Pakete und Abhängigkeiten entfernen
  2. Log Monitoring: Logs für Fehler und Warnungen überprüfen
  3. Disk Space: Speicherplatz in /var/cache/apt/
  4. Repository Health: Verifizieren Sie die Verfügbarkeit von Repositorys
  5. ** System Consistency**: Regelmäßige Abhängigkeitsprüfungen