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Vagrant

فاجرانت

| أمر | وصف | |---------|-------------| | vagrant version | أظهر إصدار Vagrant | | vagrant -h | عرض معلومات المساعدة | | vagrant init | قم بتهيئة ملف Vagrantfile جديد | | vagrant init ubuntu/jammy64 | قم بالتهيئة مع صندوق محدد |دليل شامل لأوامر وسير عمل HashiCorp Vagrant لإدارة بيئات التطوير وتوفير الآلات الافتراضية.

التثبيت والإعداد

أمروصف
vagrant box listقائمة الصناديق المثبتة
vagrant box add ubuntu/jammy64أضف مربع
vagrant box add --name mybox /path/to/box.boxأضف صندوق محلي
vagrant box remove ubuntu/jammy64إزالة المربع
vagrant box updateقم بتحديث جميع المربعات
vagrant box update --box ubuntu/jammy64تحديث صندوق محدد

عمليات الصندوق

أمروصف
vagrant box outdatedتحقق من الصناديق القديمة
vagrant box pruneقم بإزالة الإصدارات القديمة من Box
vagrant box repackage ubuntu/jammy64أعد تعبئة الصندوق
أمروصف
vagrant upابدأ وجهز VM
vagrant haltإيقاف تشغيل VM
vagrant reloadإعادة تشغيل VM
vagrant destroyدمر VM
vagrant suspendإيقاف تشغيل الـ VM مؤقتًا
vagrant resumeاستئناف VM المعلقة

العمليات الأساسية

أمروصف
vagrant statusعرض حالة الآلة الافتراضية
vagrant global-statusعرض حالة جميع الآلات الافتراضية
vagrant global-status --pruneتنظيف الإدخالات غير الصالحة
أمروصف
vagrant sshقم بالدخول عبر SSH إلى الماكينة الافتراضية
vagrant ssh-configأظهر تكوين SSH
vagrant ssh -- -L 8080:localhost:80SSH مع توجيه المنافذ

عمليات SSH

أمروصف
vagrant provisionقم بتشغيل المهيئين
vagrant provision --provision-with shellقم بتشغيل مُزوِّد محدد
vagrant up --provisionابدأ وجهز
vagrant reload --provisionإعادة التشغيل والتجهيز

أوامر التوفير

أمروصف
vagrant up webابدأ جهاز محدد
vagrant ssh webSSH للاتصال بجهاز محدد
vagrant halt dbإيقاف آلة محددة
vagrant destroy --forceدمر الكل بدون تأكيد

أوامر الآلات المتعددة

أمروصف
vagrant snapshot save snapshot_nameاحفظ لقطة
vagrant snapshot listقائمة اللقطات
vagrant snapshot restore snapshot_nameاستعادة لقطة
vagrant snapshot delete snapshot_nameاحذف اللقطة

إدارة اللقطات

أمروصف
vagrant plugin listقائمة الإضافات المثبتة
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguestقم بتثبيت الإضافة
vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguestإلغاء تثبيت البرنامج المساعد
vagrant plugin updateقم بتحديث جميع الإضافات

عمليات الإضافات

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.hostname = "myserver"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Provider configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.cpus = 2
    vb.name = "MyVM"
  end

  # Provisioning
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y nginx
    systemctl enable nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  SHELL
end
```## أمثلة Vagrantfile

### Vagrantfile الأساسي
```ruby
Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  # Web server
  config.vm.define "web" do|web|
    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "1024"
      vb.cpus = 1
    end

    web.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y nginx
    SHELL
  end

  # Database server
  config.vm.define "db" do|db|
    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    db.vm.hostname = "database"
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"

    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "2048"
      vb.cpus = 2
    end

    db.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y mysql-server
    SHELL
  end
end
```### إعداد آلات متعددة
```ruby
Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.box_version = "20230607.0.0"

  # Synced folders
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
  config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
    owner: "www-data", group: "www-data"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network",
    ip: "192.168.56.10",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"

  config.vm.network "public_network",
    bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

  # Port forwarding
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443

  # Provider-specific configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.gui = false
    vb.memory = "4096"
    vb.cpus = 4
    vb.name = "Development Server"

    # VirtualBox specific settings
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
  end

  # Multiple provisioners
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get upgrade -y
  SHELL

  config.vm.provision "file",
    source: "./configs/nginx.conf",
    destination: "/tmp/nginx.conf"

  config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/setup.sh"

  config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
    ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
    ansible.inventory_path = "inventory"
  end
end
```### تكوين متقدم
```ruby
# Inline shell commands
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get update
  apt-get install -y docker.io
  usermod -aG docker vagrant
SHELL

# External script
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/bootstrap.sh"

# Privileged and non-privileged
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL
  echo "Running as vagrant user"
SHELL

# Environment variables
config.vm.provision "shell", env: \\\\{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND" => "noninteractive"\\\\}, inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get install -y mysql-server
SHELL
```## طرق التوفير

### التوفير بواسطة Shell
```ruby
config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub",
  destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "./configs/",
  destination: "/tmp/configs"
```### التوفير بواسطة الملفات
```ruby
config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
  ansible.playbook = "site.yml"
  ansible.inventory_path = "inventory/vagrant"
  ansible.limit = "all"
  ansible.verbose = "v"

  ansible.extra_vars = \\\\{
    nginx_port: 80,
    database_name: "myapp"
  \\\\}
end
```### التوفير بواسطة Ansible
```ruby
config.vm.provision "docker" do|d|
  d.pull_images "nginx"
  d.pull_images "mysql:8.0"

  d.run "nginx",
    args: "-p 80:80 -v /vagrant/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"

  d.run "mysql",
    args: "-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret -p 3306:3306"
end
```### التوفير بواسطة Docker
```ruby
# Static IP
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

# DHCP
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"

# Multiple interfaces
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10"
```## تكوين الشبكة

### الشبكات الخاصة
```ruby
# Bridge to default interface
config.vm.network "public_network"

# Bridge to specific interface
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

# Static IP on public network
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100"

Port Forwarding

# Basic port forwarding
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Multiple ports
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3306

# Auto-correct port conflicts
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true

Provider Configuration

VirtualBox Provider

config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
  vb.gui = true
  vb.memory = "4096"
  vb.cpus = 4
  vb.name = "MyVM"

  # Advanced settings
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "128"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--accelerate3d", "on"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"]
end

VMware Provider

config.vm.provider "vmware_desktop" do|vmware|
  vmware.vmx["memsize"] = "4096"
  vmware.vmx["numvcpus"] = "4"
  vmware.vmx["displayName"] = "MyVM"
end

Hyper-V Provider

config.vm.provider "hyperv" do|hv|
  hv.memory = 4096
  hv.cpus = 4
  hv.vmname = "MyVM"
end

Synced Folders

Basic Synced Folders

# Default synced folder (disabled)
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true

# Custom synced folder
config.vm.synced_folder "./src", "/var/www/html"

# With options
config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
  owner: "www-data",
  group: "www-data",
  mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=664"]

NFS Synced Folders

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "nfs",
  nfs_udp: false,
  nfs_version: 4

SMB Synced Folders (Windows)

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "smb",
  smb_username: "username",
  smb_password: "password"

Best Practices

Performance Optimization

  1. Resource Allocation: Allocate appropriate CPU and memory
  2. Synced Folders: Use NFS for better performance on macOS/Linux
  3. Box Selection: Choose minimal base boxes
  4. Snapshot Management: Use snapshots for quick rollbacks
  5. Provider Optimization: Configure provider-specific optimizations

Security

  1. SSH Keys: Use SSH keys instead of passwords
  2. Network Isolation: Use private networks when possible
  3. Firewall: Configure appropriate firewall rules
  4. Updates: Keep boxes and Vagrant updated
  5. Secrets: Don’t commit secrets to version control

Development Workflow

  1. Version Control: Include Vagrantfile in version control
  2. Documentation: Document setup and usage
  3. Consistency: Use same environment across team
  4. Testing: Test provisioning scripts
  5. Cleanup: Regularly clean up unused VMs and boxes

Troubleshooting

  1. Logs: Check Vagrant and provider logs
  2. SSH: Use vagrant ssh-config for debugging
  3. Networking: Test network connectivity
  4. Provisioning: Test provisioning scripts separately
  5. Resources: Monitor host system resources