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أداة Azucar للتدقيق الأمني في Azure

نظرة عامة

Azucar هي أداة تدقيق أمني مفتوحة المصدر لبيئات Azure طورها Juan Garrido. تقوم تلقائيًا بجمع مجموعة متنوعة من بيانات التكوين من Azure Active Directory، وقواعد بيانات Azure SQL، وحسابات التخزين، وخزائن المفاتيح، وخدمات Azure الأخرى للمساعدة في تحديد المشكلات الأمنية المحتملة وسوء التكوينات.

⚠️ تحذير: هذه الأداة مخصصة للتقييمات الأمنية والتدقيق المصرح بهما فقط. تأكد من وجود التفويض المناسب قبل الاستخدام في أي بيئة.

التثبيت

# Install from PowerShell Gallery
Install-Module -Name Azucar

# Install for current user only
Install-Module -Name Azucar -Scope CurrentUser

# Update existing installation
Update-Module -Name Azucar

# Import module
Import-Module Azucar

التثبيت اليدوي

# Download from GitHub
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar/archive/master.zip" -OutFile "Azucar.zip"
Expand-Archive -Path "Azucar.zip" -DestinationPath "C:\Tools\"

# Import module
Import-Module C:\Tools\Azucar-master\Azucar.psd1

# Install dependencies
Install-Module -Name Az
Install-Module -Name AzureAD

التثبيت باستخدام Git

# Clone repository
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar.git
cd azucar

# Import in PowerShell
Import-Module .\Azucar.psd1

الاستخدام الأساسي

إعداد الوحدة

# Import Azucar
Import-Module Azucar

# Get available commands
Get-Command -Module Azucar

# Get help for main function
Get-Help Invoke-Azucar -Full

# Check module version
Get-Module Azucar

المصادقة

# Interactive authentication
Connect-AzAccount

# Service principal authentication
$credential = Get-Credential
Connect-AzAccount -ServicePrincipal -Credential $credential -TenantId "tenant-id"

# Certificate authentication
Connect-AzAccount -ServicePrincipal -CertificateThumbprint "thumbprint" -ApplicationId "app-id" -TenantId "tenant-id"

مرجع الأوامر

الأوامر الرئيسية

أمروصف
Invoke-Azucarالوظيفة الرئيسية للتدقيق
Get-AzucarReportإنشاء تقرير التدقيق
Export-AzucarDataتصدير بيانات التدقيق
Set-AzucarConfigقم بتكوين إعدادات التدقيق

خيارات التدقيق

معلمةوصف
-TenantIdمعرف مستأجر Azure AD
-SubscriptionIdمعرف اشتراك Azure
-OutputPathمسار دليل المخرجات
-Formatتنسيق التقرير (HTML/JSON/CSV)
-Verboseتمكين المخرجات التفصيلية

التدقيق الأمني الشامل

التدقيق الأساسي

# Run basic security audit
Invoke-Azucar

# Audit specific tenant
Invoke-Azucar -TenantId "tenant-id"

# Audit specific subscription
Invoke-Azucar -SubscriptionId "subscription-id"

# Audit with custom output path
Invoke-Azucar -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

خيارات التدقيق المتقدمة

# Comprehensive audit with all checks
Invoke-Azucar -All

# Audit specific services
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD", "Storage", "KeyVault", "SQL")

# Audit with specific compliance framework
Invoke-Azucar -ComplianceFramework "CIS"

# Audit with custom configuration
Invoke-Azucar -ConfigFile "custom-config.json"

التدقيق متعدد المستأجرين

# Audit multiple tenants
$tenants = @("tenant1-id", "tenant2-id", "tenant3-id")
foreach ($tenant in $tenants) \\\\{
    Invoke-Azucar -TenantId $tenant -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\$tenant\"
\\\\}

# Audit all accessible tenants
$allTenants = Get-AzTenant
foreach ($tenant in $allTenants) \\\\{
    Invoke-Azucar -TenantId $tenant.Id -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\$($tenant.Id)\"
\\\\}

التدقيق في Azure Active Directory

تحليل المستخدمين والمجموعات

# Audit Azure AD users
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "Users"

# Check for privileged users
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "PrivilegedUsers"

# Audit group memberships
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "Groups"

# Check guest user access
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "GuestUsers"

تحليل التطبيقات والمبادئ الرئيسية للخدمة

# Audit applications
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "Applications"

# Check application permissions
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "ApplicationPermissions"

# Audit service principals
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "ServicePrincipals"

# Check for overprivileged applications
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "HighPrivilegeApps"

سياسات الوصول الشرطي والأمان

# Audit Conditional Access policies
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "ConditionalAccess"

# Check MFA configuration
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "MFA"

# Audit password policies
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "PasswordPolicies"

# Check security defaults
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Focus "SecurityDefaults"

التدقيق في موارد Azure

أمان حساب التخزين

# Audit storage accounts
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Storage")

# Check storage account access
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Storage") -Focus "PublicAccess"

# Audit storage encryption
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Storage") -Focus "Encryption"

# Check storage account keys
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Storage") -Focus "AccessKeys"

أمان خزينة المفاتيح

# Audit Key Vaults
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("KeyVault")

# Check Key Vault access policies
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("KeyVault") -Focus "AccessPolicies"

# Audit Key Vault secrets
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("KeyVault") -Focus "Secrets"

# Check Key Vault network access
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("KeyVault") -Focus "NetworkAccess"

أمان قاعدة بيانات SQL

# Audit SQL databases
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SQL")

# Check SQL server firewall rules
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SQL") -Focus "FirewallRules"

# Audit SQL database encryption
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SQL") -Focus "Encryption"

# Check SQL auditing configuration
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SQL") -Focus "Auditing"

أمان الآلات الافتراضية

# Audit virtual machines
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("VirtualMachines")

# Check VM network security groups
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("VirtualMachines") -Focus "NetworkSecurity"

# Audit VM disk encryption
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("VirtualMachines") -Focus "DiskEncryption"

# Check VM backup configuration
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("VirtualMachines") -Focus "Backup"

التدقيق الأمني للشبكة

مجموعات أمان الشبكة

# Audit network security groups
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Network") -Focus "SecurityGroups"

# Check for overly permissive rules
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Network") -Focus "PermissiveRules"

# Audit inbound rules
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Network") -Focus "InboundRules"

# Check for default rules
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("Network") -Focus "DefaultRules"

تكوين الشبكة الافتراضية```powershell

Audit virtual networks

Invoke-Azucar -Services @(“Network”) -Focus “VirtualNetworks”

Check subnet configuration

Invoke-Azucar -Services @(“Network”) -Focus “Subnets”

Audit network peering

Invoke-Azucar -Services @(“Network”) -Focus “Peering”

Check DNS configuration

Invoke-Azucar -Services @(“Network”) -Focus “DNS”


## Compliance and Governance

### CIS Benchmark Assessment
```powershell
# Run CIS Azure benchmark
Invoke-Azucar -ComplianceFramework "CIS"

# Generate CIS compliance report
Invoke-Azucar -ComplianceFramework "CIS" -Format "HTML" -OutputPath "C:\CIS_Report\"

# Check specific CIS controls
Invoke-Azucar -ComplianceFramework "CIS" -Controls @("1.1", "1.2", "2.1")

Azure Security Center Integration

# Audit Security Center configuration
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SecurityCenter")

# Check security policies
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SecurityCenter") -Focus "Policies"

# Audit security recommendations
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SecurityCenter") -Focus "Recommendations"

# Check security alerts
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("SecurityCenter") -Focus "Alerts"

Resource Governance

# Audit resource groups
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("ResourceManagement") -Focus "ResourceGroups"

# Check resource tags
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("ResourceManagement") -Focus "Tags"

# Audit resource locks
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("ResourceManagement") -Focus "Locks"

# Check resource policies
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("ResourceManagement") -Focus "Policies"

Report Generation and Analysis

HTML Reports

# Generate HTML report
Invoke-Azucar -Format "HTML" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

# Generate detailed HTML report
Invoke-Azucar -Format "HTML" -Detailed -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

# Generate executive summary
Invoke-Azucar -Format "HTML" -Summary -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

JSON and CSV Export

# Export to JSON
Invoke-Azucar -Format "JSON" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

# Export to CSV
Invoke-Azucar -Format "CSV" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

# Export raw data
Invoke-Azucar -Format "Raw" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

Custom Report Templates

# Use custom report template
Invoke-Azucar -Template "custom-template.html" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

# Generate report with custom branding
Invoke-Azucar -Template "branded-template.html" -CompanyName "Your Company" -OutputPath "C:\AzureAudit\"

Advanced Configuration

Custom Configuration File

\\\\{
  "AuditSettings": \\\\{
    "IncludeServices": ["AzureAD", "Storage", "KeyVault", "SQL"],
    "ExcludeChecks": ["LowPriority"],
    "OutputFormat": "HTML",
    "DetailLevel": "High"
  \\\\},
  "ComplianceFrameworks": \\\\{
    "CIS": \\\\{
      "Version": "1.3.0",
      "IncludeControls": ["1.*", "2.*", "3.*"]
    \\\\}
  \\\\},
  "ReportSettings": \\\\{
    "IncludeRecommendations": true,
    "IncludeEvidence": true,
    "GroupByService": true
  \\\\}
\\\\}

PowerShell Configuration

# Set custom configuration
$config = @\\\\{
    Services = @("AzureAD", "Storage", "KeyVault")
    OutputFormat = "HTML"
    DetailLevel = "High"
    IncludeRecommendations = $true
\\\\}

Set-AzucarConfig -Configuration $config

# Run audit with custom configuration
Invoke-Azucar -UseCustomConfig

Filtering and Exclusions

# Exclude specific resource groups
Invoke-Azucar -ExcludeResourceGroups @("test-rg", "dev-rg")

# Include only specific subscriptions
Invoke-Azucar -IncludeSubscriptions @("sub1-id", "sub2-id")

# Exclude low-priority findings
Invoke-Azucar -ExcludeSeverity @("Low", "Informational")

# Filter by resource tags
Invoke-Azucar -FilterByTags @\\\\{Environment="Production"; Owner="Security"\\\\}

Automation and Scheduling

Automated Audit Script

# Automated Azure security audit script
param(
    [string]$TenantId,
    [string]$OutputPath = "C:\AzureAudit",
    [string]$EmailRecipients = "security@company.com"
)

# Create output directory with timestamp
$timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss"
$auditPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "Audit_$timestamp"
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $auditPath -Force

# Authenticate to Azure
Connect-AzAccount -TenantId $TenantId

# Run comprehensive audit
Write-Host "Starting Azure security audit..."
Invoke-Azucar -All -Format "HTML" -OutputPath $auditPath

# Generate summary report
$reportPath = Join-Path $auditPath "AzureSecurityAudit.html"
if (Test-Path $reportPath) \\\\{
    Write-Host "Audit completed successfully"

    # Send email notification
    $subject = "Azure Security Audit Completed - $timestamp"
    $body = "Azure security audit has been completed. Report available at: $reportPath"

    Send-MailMessage -To $EmailRecipients -Subject $subject -Body $body -Attachments $reportPath
\\\\} else \\\\{
    Write-Error "Audit failed - report not generated"
\\\\}

Scheduled Task Creation

# Create scheduled task for regular audits
$action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "PowerShell.exe" -Argument "-File C:\Scripts\AzureAudit.ps1"
$trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Weekly -DaysOfWeek Monday -At 6AM
$settings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -AllowStartIfOnBatteries -DontStopIfGoingOnBatteries

Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "Azure Security Audit" -Action $action -Trigger $trigger -Settings $settings

Continuous Monitoring

# Continuous monitoring script
param(
    [int]$IntervalHours = 24,
    [string]$LogPath = "C:\AzureAudit\monitoring.log"
)

while ($true) \\\\{
    $timestamp = Get-Date
    Write-Output "[$timestamp] Starting Azure security monitoring"|Tee-Object -FilePath $LogPath -Append

    try \\\\{
        # Run quick security check
        $findings = Invoke-Azucar -Quick -Format "JSON"

        # Check for critical findings
        $criticalFindings = $findings|Where-Object \\\\{$_.Severity -eq "Critical"\\\\}

        if ($criticalFindings) \\\\{
            Write-Output "[$timestamp] Critical findings detected: $($criticalFindings.Count)"|Tee-Object -FilePath $LogPath -Append

            # Send alert
            $alertSubject = "ALERT: Critical Azure Security Findings"
            $alertBody = "Critical security findings detected in Azure environment. Immediate attention required."
            Send-MailMessage -To "security@company.com" -Subject $alertSubject -Body $alertBody
        \\\\}
    \\\\}
    catch \\\\{
        Write-Output "[$timestamp] Error during monitoring: $($_.Exception.Message)"|Tee-Object -FilePath $LogPath -Append
    \\\\}

    Start-Sleep -Seconds ($IntervalHours * 3600)
\\\\}

Troubleshooting

Authentication Issues

# Clear cached credentials
Clear-AzContext -Force

# Test authentication
$context = Get-AzContext
if (-not $context) \\\\{
    Write-Error "Not authenticated to Azure"
    Connect-AzAccount
\\\\}

# Verify permissions
$currentUser = Get-AzADUser -UserPrincipalName (Get-AzContext).Account.Id
Write-Output "Current user: $($currentUser.DisplayName)"

Module Issues

# Check Azucar installation
Get-Module Azucar -ListAvailable

# Update Azucar
Update-Module Azucar -Force

# Reinstall if necessary
Uninstall-Module Azucar
Install-Module Azucar -Force

# Check dependencies
Get-Module Az -ListAvailable
Get-Module AzureAD -ListAvailable

Permission Issues

# Check required permissions
$requiredPermissions = @(
    "Directory.Read.All",
    "User.Read.All",
    "Application.Read.All",
    "Policy.Read.All"
)

foreach ($permission in $requiredPermissions) \\\\{
    try \\\\{
        # Test permission by attempting to read data
        Write-Output "Testing permission: $permission"
    \\\\}
    catch \\\\{
        Write-Warning "Missing permission: $permission"
    \\\\}
\\\\}

Performance Issues

# Run audit with reduced scope
Invoke-Azucar -Services @("AzureAD") -Quick

# Use parallel processing
Invoke-Azucar -Parallel -MaxThreads 5

# Exclude large datasets
Invoke-Azucar -ExcludeServices @("Logs", "Metrics")

Integration with Other Tools

SIEM Integration

# Export findings to SIEM format
$findings = Invoke-Azucar -Format "JSON"
$siemEvents = $findings|ForEach-Object \\\\{
    @\\\\{
        timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ"
        source = "Azucar"
        severity = $_.Severity
        finding = $_.Description
        resource = $_.ResourceId
    \\\\}
\\\\}

# Send to SIEM
$siemEvents|ConvertTo-Json|Out-File "siem_events.json"

PowerBI Integration

# Export data for PowerBI
$auditData = Invoke-Azucar -Format "CSV"

# Create PowerBI dataset
$powerBIData = @\\\\{
    findings = $auditData.Findings
    resources = $auditData.Resources
    compliance = $auditData.Compliance
\\\\}

$powerBIData|ConvertTo-Json|Out-File "powerbi_data.json"

Azure DevOps Integration

# Azure DevOps pipeline for security auditing
trigger:
  schedules:
  - cron: "0 6 * * 1"
    displayName: Weekly security audit
    branches:
      include:
      - main

pool:
  vmImage: 'windows-latest'

steps:
- task: AzurePowerShell@5
  inputs:
    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Subscription'
    ScriptType: 'InlineScript'
    Inline:|
      Install-Module -Name Azucar -Force
      Import-Module Azucar
      Invoke-Azucar -All -Format "HTML" -OutputPath "$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)"
    azurePowerShellVersion: 'LatestVersion'

- task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
  inputs:
    PathtoPublish: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
    ArtifactName: 'AzureSecurityAudit'

Resources

يوفر هذا الدليل المختصر مرجعًا شاملًا لاستخدام Azucar. تأكد دائمًا من وجود التفويض المناسب قبل إجراء تقييمات أمان Azure.