npm Package Manager
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Comandi e flussi di lavoro completi npm (Node Package Manager) per lo sviluppo JavaScript e Node.js.
## Installazione e configurazione
### Installare Node.js e npm
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### Operazioni di pacchetti di base
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm install package_name` | Install package locally | |
| | `npm install -g package_name` | Install package globally | |
| | `npm uninstall package_name` | Uninstall package | |
| | `npm update` | Update all packages | |
| | `npm update package_name` | Update specific package | |
| | `npm list` | List installed packages | |
| | `npm list -g` | List global packages | |
## Gestione dei progetti
### Inizializzazione del progetto
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm init` | Initialize new project | |
| | `npm init -y` | Initialize with defaults | |
| | `npm init @scope` | Initialize with scoped template | |
| | `npm create package_name` | Create project with template | |
### Gestione delle dipendenze
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm install` | Install all dependencies | |
| | `npm install --save package` | Install and save to dependencies | |
| | `npm install --save-dev package` | Install and save to devDependencies | |
| | `npm install --save-optional package` | Install as optional dependency | |
| | `npm install --no-save package` | Install without saving | |
### Informazioni sul pacchetto
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm search keyword` | Search for packages | |
| | `npm info package_name` | Show package information | |
| | `npm view package_name` | View package details | |
| | `npm outdated` | Show outdated packages | |
| | `npm audit` | Check for vulnerabilities | |
| | `npm audit fix` | Fix vulnerabilities | |
## Script e esecuzione
### Gestione script
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm run script_name` | Run custom script | |
| | `npm start` | Run start script | |
| | `npm test` | Run test script | |
| | `npm run build` | Run build script | |
| | `npm run dev` | Run development script | |
### Esempio pacchetto.json Scripts
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## Gestione della versione
### Versione semantica
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm version patch` | Increment patch version | |
| | `npm version minor` | Increment minor version | |
| | `npm version major` | Increment major version | |
| | `npm version prerelease` | Create prerelease version | |
### Pacchetto Installazione per versione
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm install package@1.2.3` | Install specific version | |
| | `npm install package@latest` | Install latest version | |
| | `npm install package@next` | Install next/beta version | |
| | `npm install package@^1.2.0` | Install compatible version | |
## Configurazione
### Configurazione npm
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm config list` | Show configuration | |
| | `npm config get key` | Get configuration value | |
| | `npm config set key value` | Set configuration value | |
| | `npm config delete key` | Delete configuration | |
### Configurazione comune
| | Setting | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/` | Set registry | |
| | `npm config set init-author-name "Your Name"` | Set default author | |
| | `npm config set init-license "MIT"` | Set default license | |
| | `npm config set save-exact true` | Save exact versions | |
### .npmrc File
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## Pubblicazione
### Pacchetto Pubblicazione
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm login` | Login to npm registry | |
| | `npm whoami` | Check logged in user | |
| | `npm publish` | Publish package | |
| | `npm publish --access public` | Publish scoped package publicly | |
| | `npm unpublish package@version` | Unpublish specific version | |
### Flusso di lavoro editoriale
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## Uso avanzato
### Spazi di lavoro (npm 7+)
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| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm install --workspaces` | Install all workspace dependencies | |
| | `npm run test --workspaces` | Run tests in all workspaces | |
| | `npm run build --workspace=package-a` | Run command in specific workspace | |
### Pacchetto di collegamento
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm link` | Create global link | |
| | `npm link package_name` | Link to global package | |
| | `npm unlink package_name` | Unlink package | |
### Gestione della cache
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm cache verify` | Verify cache integrity | |
| | `npm cache clean --force` | Clear cache | |
| | `npm cache ls` | List cached packages | |
## Sicurezza
### Audizione di sicurezza
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm audit` | Check for vulnerabilities | |
| | `npm audit --audit-level high` | Check high severity only | |
| | `npm audit fix` | Fix vulnerabilities automatically | |
| | `npm audit fix --force` | Force fix (may break changes) | |
### Verifica dei pacchetti
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm pack` | Create tarball | |
| | `npm pack --dry-run` | Show what would be packed | |
| | `npm install package.tgz` | Install from tarball | |
## Ottimizzazione delle prestazioni
### Installazione più veloce
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### Gestione dei pacchetti alternativi
| | Manager | Installation | Benefits | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Yarn** | `npm install -g yarn` | Faster, deterministic | |
| | **pnpm** | `npm install -g pnpm` | Disk space efficient | |
| | **Bun** | `curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install \ | bash` | Extremely fast | |
## Risoluzione dei problemi
### Questioni comuni
| | Problem | Solution | |
| --- | --- |
| | Permission errors | Use nvm or fix permissions | |
| | Package conflicts | Delete node_modules and reinstall | |
| | Outdated npm | `npm install -g npm@latest` | |
| | Registry issues | `npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/` | |
### Debug
| | Command | Description | |
| --- | --- |
| | `npm doctor` | Check npm environment | |
| | `npm ls` | Check dependency tree | |
| | `npm ls --depth=0` | Show top-level dependencies | |
| | `npm why package_name` | Show why package is installed | |
### Reset e Clean Install
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## Migliori Pratiche
### Pacchetto.json Gestione
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### Flusso di lavoro
1. # Version Pinning # Utilizzare versioni esatte per le dipendenze critiche
2. **Lock Files**: Commit package-lock.json al controllo della versione
3. **Sicurezza**: controlli di sicurezza regolari con `npm audit`
4. **Testing**: Prova prima di pubblicare con `npm pack`
5. **Documentazione**: Mantenere il README completo
### Prestazioni
1. **CI/CD**: Utilizzare `npm ci`_ in continua integrazione
2. **Caching**: cache Leverage npm in ambienti CI
3. ** Installazione selettiva**: Utilizzare `--production` per le costruzioni di produzione
4. **Responsabili alternativi**: Considerare filati o pnpm per grandi progetti
5. **Registry**: Utilizzare il registro privato per i pacchetti interni