Tmux Feuille de chaleur

Aperçu général

tmux (multiplexeur terminal) est un outil qui vous permet d'exécuter plusieurs sessions de terminal dans une seule fenêtre de terminal. Il vous permet de détacher et de réattacher des sessions, ce qui le rend parfait pour le travail à distance et les processus de longue durée.

Installation

Gestionnaires de paquets

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install tmux

# macOS
brew install tmux

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install tmux

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S tmux

# From source
git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
cd tmux && ./configure && make && sudo make install

Concepts de base

Terminologie

Session    # A collection of windows
Window     # A single terminal screen
Pane       # A subdivision of a window
Prefix     # Default Ctrl+b (customizable)
```_

### Hiérarchie des sessions

Session ├── Window 1 │ ├── Pane 1 │ └── Pane 2 ├── Window 2 │ └── Pane 1 └── Window 3 ├── Pane 1 ├── Pane 2 └── Pane 3


## Utilisation de base

### Démarrage tmux
```bash
# Start new session
tmux

# Start named session
tmux new-session -s mysession
tmux new -s mysession

# Start session with specific window name
tmux new -s mysession -n mywindow

# Start detached session
tmux new -d -s mysession

Gestion des séances

# List sessions
tmux list-sessions
tmux ls

# Attach to session
tmux attach-session -t mysession
tmux attach -t mysession
tmux a -t mysession

# Detach from session
# Inside tmux: Ctrl+b d

# Kill session
tmux kill-session -t mysession

# Kill all sessions
tmux kill-server

Reliure des clés (Préfixe par défaut : Ctrl+b)

Commandes de session

Prefix + d    # Detach from session
Prefix + s    # List sessions
Prefix + $    # Rename session
Prefix + (    # Previous session
Prefix + )    # Next session

Commandes de fenêtre

Prefix + c    # Create new window
Prefix + n    # Next window
Prefix + p    # Previous window
Prefix + l    # Last window
Prefix + w    # List windows
Prefix + &    # Kill window
Prefix + ,    # Rename window
Prefix + 0-9  # Switch to window by number
Prefix + f    # Find window

Commandes de pane

Prefix + %    # Split horizontally
Prefix + "    # Split vertically
Prefix + o    # Switch to next pane
Prefix + ;    # Switch to last pane
Prefix + x    # Kill pane
Prefix + !    # Break pane into window
Prefix + z    # Toggle pane zoom
Prefix + \\\\{    # Move pane left
Prefix + \\\\}    # Move pane right
Prefix + q    # Show pane numbers
Prefix + q 0-9 # Switch to pane by number

Prefix + ↑    # Move to pane above
Prefix + ↓    # Move to pane below
Prefix + ←    # Move to pane left
Prefix + →    # Move to pane right

Redimensionnement de la vitre

Prefix + Ctrl+↑  # Resize pane up
Prefix + Ctrl+↓  # Resize pane down
Prefix + Ctrl+←  # Resize pane left
Prefix + Ctrl+→  # Resize pane right

# Alternative (hold Prefix)
Prefix + Alt+↑   # Resize pane up (5 lines)
Prefix + Alt+↓   # Resize pane down (5 lines)
Prefix + Alt+←   # Resize pane left (5 columns)
Prefix + Alt+→   # Resize pane right (5 columns)

Mode de copie

Saisissez le mode Copier

Prefix + [    # Enter copy mode

h, j, k, l    # Move cursor (vim-style)
Arrow keys    # Move cursor
w             # Next word
b             # Previous word
0             # Beginning of line
$             # End of line
g             # Go to top
G             # Go to bottom
Ctrl+f        # Page down
Ctrl+b        # Page up
/             # Search forward
?             # Search backward
n             # Next search result
N             # Previous search result

Sélection du mode de copie

Space         # Start selection
Enter         # Copy selection and exit
Escape        # Exit copy mode
v             # Start selection (vi mode)
y             # Copy selection (vi mode)

Pâte

Prefix + ]    # Paste buffer

Configuration

Fichier de configuration (~/.tmux.conf)

# Basic settings
set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"
set -g history-limit 10000
set -g base-index 1
setw -g pane-base-index 1

# Change prefix key
unbind C-b
set -g prefix C-a
bind C-a send-prefix

# Reload config
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display "Config reloaded!"

# Mouse support
set -g mouse on

# Vi mode
setw -g mode-keys vi

# Pane splitting
bind|split-window -h
bind - split-window -v
unbind '"'
unbind %

# Pane navigation (vim-style)
bind h select-pane -L
bind j select-pane -D
bind k select-pane -U
bind l select-pane -R

# Window navigation
bind -n M-Left previous-window
bind -n M-Right next-window

# Pane resizing
bind -r H resize-pane -L 5
bind -r J resize-pane -D 5
bind -r K resize-pane -U 5
bind -r L resize-pane -R 5

# Status bar
set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white
set -g status-left '#[fg=green]#S '
set -g status-right '#[fg=yellow]%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'
set -g status-interval 60

# Window status
setw -g window-status-current-style 'fg=black bg=white'
setw -g window-status-style 'fg=white bg=black'

# Pane borders
set -g pane-border-style 'fg=colour238'
set -g pane-active-border-style 'fg=colour51'

Configuration avancée

# Automatic window renaming
setw -g automatic-rename on
set -g set-titles on

# Activity monitoring
setw -g monitor-activity on
set -g visual-activity on

# Copy mode improvements
bind -T copy-mode-vi v send-keys -X begin-selection
bind -T copy-mode-vi y send-keys -X copy-pipe-and-cancel 'xclip -in -selection clipboard'
bind -T copy-mode-vi r send-keys -X rectangle-toggle

# Synchronize panes
bind S setw synchronize-panes

# Quick pane cycling
bind -n M-o select-pane -t :.+

# Session management
bind C-s choose-session
bind C-n new-session

Caractéristiques avancées

Scénario de séance

# Create session with multiple windows
tmux new-session -d -s development
tmux new-window -t development -n editor 'vim'
tmux new-window -t development -n server 'cd ~/project && npm start'
tmux split-window -t development:server -h 'cd ~/project && npm run watch'
tmux attach-session -t development

Scénarios Tmux

#!/bin/bash
# dev-session.sh

SESSION="development"

# Check if session exists
tmux has-session -t $SESSION 2>/dev/null

if [ $? != 0 ]; then
    # Create new session
    tmux new-session -d -s $SESSION

    # Setup windows
    tmux rename-window -t $SESSION:1 'editor'
    tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:1 'cd ~/project && vim' C-m

    tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'server'
    tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m

    tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'git'
    tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:3 'cd ~/project && git status' C-m

    # Split server window
    tmux split-window -t $SESSION:2 -h
    tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2.2 'cd ~/project && npm run watch' C-m
fi

# Attach to session
tmux attach-session -t $SESSION

Tmuxinateur

# Install tmuxinator
gem install tmuxinator

# Create project
tmuxinator new myproject

# Example tmuxinator config (~/.tmuxinator/myproject.yml)
name: myproject
root: ~/projects/myproject

windows:
  - editor:
      layout: main-vertical
      panes:
        - vim
        - guard
  - server: bundle exec rails s
  - logs: tail -f log/development.log

Greffons

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)

# Install TPM
git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm

# Add to ~/.tmux.conf
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tpm'
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sensible'
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect'
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum'

# Initialize TPM (add to bottom of .tmux.conf)
run '~/.tmux/plugins/tpm/tpm'

# Install plugins: Prefix + I
# Update plugins: Prefix + U
# Remove plugins: Prefix + alt + u

Greffons populaires

# tmux-resurrect - save/restore sessions
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect'
# Save: Prefix + Ctrl+s
# Restore: Prefix + Ctrl+r

# tmux-continuum - automatic save/restore
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum'
set -g @continuum-restore 'on'

# tmux-yank - copy to system clipboard
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-yank'

# tmux-pain-control - better pane management
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-pain-control'

# tmux-sidebar - file tree sidebar
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sidebar'
# Toggle: Prefix + Tab

Interface de ligne de commande

Gestion des séances

# Create session with command
tmux new-session -d -s mysession 'htop'

# Send commands to session
tmux send-keys -t mysession 'ls -la' C-m

# Capture pane content
tmux capture-pane -t mysession -p

# List windows in session
tmux list-windows -t mysession

# List panes in window
tmux list-panes -t mysession:1

Exemples de scripts

# Create development environment
create_dev_env() \\\\{
    local session="dev-$(date +%s)"
    tmux new-session -d -s "$session"
    tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project' C-m
    tmux split-window -t "$session" -h
    tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m
    tmux select-pane -t "$session":0
    tmux attach-session -t "$session"
\\\\}

# Kill all sessions except current
kill_other_sessions() \\\\{
    local current=$(tmux display-message -p '#S')
    tmux list-sessions -F '#\\\\{session_name\\\\}'|\
    grep -v "^$current$"|\
    xargs -I \\\\{\\\\} tmux kill-session -t \\\\{\\\\}
\\\\}

Conseils et astuces

Conseils en matière de productivité

# Quick session switching
bind -n M-1 switch-client -t session1
bind -n M-2 switch-client -t session2

# Broadcast to all panes
bind a setw synchronize-panes

# Quick layouts
Prefix + Space  # Cycle through layouts
Prefix + Alt+1  # Even horizontal
Prefix + Alt+2  # Even vertical
Prefix + Alt+3  # Main horizontal
Prefix + Alt+4  # Main vertical
Prefix + Alt+5  # Tiled

# Zoom pane
Prefix + z      # Toggle pane zoom

# Break pane to new window
Prefix + !      # Break pane out

# Join pane from another window
bind j command-prompt -p "join pane from:" "join-pane -s '%%'"

Aliases utiles

# Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc
alias ta='tmux attach'
alias tls='tmux list-sessions'
alias tn='tmux new-session'
alias tk='tmux kill-session'

# Function to create or attach to session
tm() \\\\{
    [[ -n "$TMUX" ]] && change="switch-client"||change="attach-session"
    if [ $1 ]; then
        tmux $change -t "$1" 2>/dev/null||(tmux new-session -d -s $1 && tmux $change -t "$1"); return
    fi
    session=$(tmux list-sessions -F "#\\\\{session_name\\\\}" 2>/dev/null|fzf --exit-0) &&  tmux $change -t "$session"||echo "No sessions found."
\\\\}

Dépannage

Questions communes

# Fix 256 color support
export TERM=screen-256color

# Fix clipboard issues
# Install xclip (Linux) or reattach-to-user-namespace (macOS)

# Reset tmux completely
tmux kill-server

# Check tmux version
tmux -V

# Validate configuration
tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Rendement

# Reduce escape time
set -sg escape-time 0

# Increase history limit
set -g history-limit 50000

# Refresh status bar less frequently
set -g status-interval 5

Intégration

Avec Vim/Neovim

# vim-tmux-navigator plugin
# Seamless navigation between vim and tmux panes
bind -n C-h run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\\\{pane_current_command\\\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-h)||tmux select-pane -L"
bind -n C-j run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\\\{pane_current_command\\\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-j)||tmux select-pane -D"
bind -n C-k run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\\\{pane_current_command\\\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-k)||tmux select-pane -U"
bind -n C-l run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\\\{pane_current_command\\\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-l)||tmux select-pane -R"

Avec SSH

# Auto-attach to tmux on SSH
# Add to ~/.bashrc on remote server
if [[ -z "$TMUX" ]] && [ "$SSH_CONNECTION" != "" ]; then
    tmux attach-session -t ssh_tmux||tmux new-session -s ssh_tmux
fi

Ressources

Documentation officielle: [github.com/tmux/tmux] (LINK_3)
Manuel: man tmux
Wiki : [github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki] (LINK_3)
Awesome tmux: github.com/rothgar/awesome-tmux

Tmux Feuille de chaleur

Aperçu général

Installation

Gestionnaires de paquets

Concepts de base

Terminologie

Gestion des séances

Reliure des clés (Préfixe par défaut : Ctrl+b)

Commandes de session

Commandes de fenêtre

Commandes de pane

Navigation des panneaux

Redimensionnement de la vitre

Mode de copie

Saisissez le mode Copier

Navigation en mode copie

Sélection du mode de copie

Pâte

Configuration

Fichier de configuration (~/.tmux.conf)

Configuration avancée

Caractéristiques avancées

Scénario de séance

Scénarios Tmux

Tmuxinateur

Greffons

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)

Greffons populaires

Interface de ligne de commande

Gestion des séances

Exemples de scripts

Conseils et astuces

Conseils en matière de productivité

Aliases utiles

Dépannage

Questions communes

Rendement

Intégration

Avec Vim/Neovim

Avec SSH

Ressources