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Commandes et workflows complets de nagios pour l'administration du système sur toutes les plateformes.

Commandes de base

Command Description
nagios --version Show nagios version
nagios --help Display help information
nagios init Initialize nagios in current directory
nagios status Check current status
nagios list List available options
nagios info Display system information
nagios config Show configuration settings
nagios update Update to latest version
nagios start Start nagios service
nagios stop Stop nagios service
nagios restart Restart nagios service
nagios reload Reload configuration

Installation

Linux/Ubuntu

# Package manager installation
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nagios

# Alternative installation
wget https://github.com/example/nagios/releases/latest/download/nagios-linux
chmod +x nagios-linux
sudo mv nagios-linux /usr/local/bin/nagios

# Build from source
git clone https://github.com/example/nagios.git
cd nagios
make && sudo make install

MACOS

# Homebrew installation
brew install nagios

# MacPorts installation
sudo port install nagios

# Manual installation
curl -L -o nagios https://github.com/example/nagios/releases/latest/download/nagios-macos
chmod +x nagios
sudo mv nagios /usr/local/bin/
```_

### Fenêtres
```powershell
# Chocolatey installation
choco install nagios

# Scoop installation
scoop install nagios

# Winget installation
winget install nagios

# Manual installation
# Download from https://github.com/example/nagios/releases
# Extract and add to PATH
```_

## Configuration

|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`nagios config show`|Display current configuration|
|`nagios config list`|List all configuration options|
|`nagios config set <key> <value>`|Set configuration value|
|`nagios config get <key>`|Get configuration value|
|`nagios config unset <key>`|Remove configuration value|
|`nagios config reset`|Reset to default configuration|
|`nagios config validate`|Validate configuration file|
|`nagios config export`|Export configuration to file|

## Opérations avancées

### Opérations de fichiers
```bash
# Create new file/resource
nagios create <name>

# Read file/resource
nagios read <name>

# Update existing file/resource
nagios update <name>

# Delete file/resource
nagios delete <name>

# Copy file/resource
nagios copy <source> <destination>

# Move file/resource
nagios move <source> <destination>

# List all files/resources
nagios list --all

# Search for files/resources
nagios search <pattern>

Opérations réseau

# Connect to remote host
nagios connect <host>:<port>

# Listen on specific port
nagios listen --port <port>

# Send data to target
nagios send --target <host> --data "<data>"

# Receive data from source
nagios receive --source <host>

# Test connectivity
nagios ping <host>

# Scan network range
nagios scan <network>

# Monitor network traffic
nagios monitor --interface <interface>

# Proxy connections
nagios proxy --listen <port> --target <host>:<port>

Gestion des processus

# Start background process
nagios start --daemon

# Stop running process
nagios stop --force

# Restart with new configuration
nagios restart --config <file>

# Check process status
nagios status --verbose

# Monitor process performance
nagios monitor --metrics

# Kill all processes
nagios killall

# Show running processes
nagios ps

# Manage process priority
nagios priority --pid <pid> --level <level>

Caractéristiques de sécurité

Authentification

# Login with username/password
nagios login --user <username>

# Login with API key
nagios login --api-key <key>

# Login with certificate
nagios login --cert <cert_file>

# Logout current session
nagios logout

# Change password
nagios passwd

# Generate new API key
nagios generate-key --name <key_name>

# List active sessions
nagios sessions

# Revoke session
nagios revoke --session <session_id>

Chiffrement

# Encrypt file
nagios encrypt --input <file> --output <encrypted_file>

# Decrypt file
nagios decrypt --input <encrypted_file> --output <file>

# Generate encryption key
nagios keygen --type <type> --size <size>

# Sign file
nagios sign --input <file> --key <private_key>

# Verify signature
nagios verify --input <file> --signature <sig_file>

# Hash file
nagios hash --algorithm <algo> --input <file>

# Generate certificate
nagios cert generate --name <name> --days <days>

# Verify certificate
nagios cert verify --cert <cert_file>

Surveillance et exploitation forestière

Surveillance du système

# Monitor system resources
nagios monitor --system

# Monitor specific process
nagios monitor --pid <pid>

# Monitor network activity
nagios monitor --network

# Monitor file changes
nagios monitor --files <directory>

# Real-time monitoring
nagios monitor --real-time --interval 1

# Generate monitoring report
nagios report --type monitoring --output <file>

# Set monitoring alerts
nagios alert --threshold <value> --action <action>

# View monitoring history
nagios history --type monitoring

Exploitation forestière

# View logs
nagios logs

# View logs with filter
nagios logs --filter <pattern>

# Follow logs in real-time
nagios logs --follow

# Set log level
nagios logs --level <level>

# Rotate logs
nagios logs --rotate

# Export logs
nagios logs --export <file>

# Clear logs
nagios logs --clear

# Archive logs
nagios logs --archive <archive_file>

Dépannage

Questions communes

Numéro : Commande non trouvée

# Check if nagios is installed
which nagios
nagios --version

# Check PATH variable
echo $PATH

# Reinstall if necessary
sudo apt reinstall nagios
# or
brew reinstall nagios

Émission : autorisation refusée

# Run with elevated privileges
sudo nagios <command>

# Check file permissions
ls -la $(which nagios)

# Fix permissions
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/nagios

# Check ownership
sudo chown $USER:$USER /usr/local/bin/nagios

Question : Erreurs de configuration

# Validate configuration
nagios config validate

# Reset to default configuration
nagios config reset

# Check configuration file location
nagios config show --file

# Backup current configuration
nagios config export > backup.conf

# Restore from backup
nagios config import backup.conf

*Numéro: Le service ne démarre pas *

# Check service status
nagios status --detailed

# Check system logs
journalctl -u nagios

# Start in debug mode
nagios start --debug

# Check port availability
netstat -tulpn|grep <port>

# Kill conflicting processes
nagios killall --force

Déboguer les commandes

Command Description
nagios --debug Enable debug output
nagios --verbose Enable verbose logging
nagios --trace Enable trace logging
nagios test Run built-in tests
nagios doctor Run system health check
nagios diagnose Generate diagnostic report
nagios benchmark Run performance benchmarks
nagios validate Validate installation and configuration

Optimisation des performances

Gestion des ressources

# Set memory limit
nagios --max-memory 1G <command>

# Set CPU limit
nagios --max-cpu 2 <command>

# Enable caching
nagios --cache-enabled <command>

# Set cache size
nagios --cache-size 100M <command>

# Clear cache
nagios cache clear

# Show cache statistics
nagios cache stats

# Optimize performance
nagios optimize --profile <profile>

# Show performance metrics
nagios metrics

Traitement parallèle

# Enable parallel processing
nagios --parallel <command>

# Set number of workers
nagios --workers 4 <command>

# Process in batches
nagios --batch-size 100 <command>

# Queue management
nagios queue add <item>
nagios queue process
nagios queue status
nagios queue clear

Intégration

Scénario

#!/bin/bash
# Example script using nagios

set -euo pipefail

# Configuration
CONFIG_FILE="config.yaml"
LOG_FILE="nagios.log"

# Check if nagios is available
if ! command -v nagios &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: nagios is not installed" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Function to log messages
log() \\\\{
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1"|tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
\\\\}

# Main operation
main() \\\\{
    log "Starting nagios operation"

    if nagios --config "$CONFIG_FILE" run; then
        log "Operation completed successfully"
        exit 0
    else
        log "Operation failed with exit code $?"
        exit 1
    fi
\\\\}

# Cleanup function
cleanup() \\\\{
    log "Cleaning up"
    nagios cleanup
\\\\}

# Set trap for cleanup
trap cleanup EXIT

# Run main function
main "$@"

Intégration de l'API

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Python wrapper for the tool
"""

import subprocess
import json
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional

class ToolWrapper:
    def __init__(self, config_file: Optional[str] = None):
        self.config_file = config_file
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def run_command(self, args: List[str]) -> Dict:
        """Run command and return parsed output"""
        cmd = ['tool_name']

        if self.config_file:
            cmd.extend(['--config', self.config_file])

        cmd.extend(args)

        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                cmd,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                check=True
            )
            return \\\\{'stdout': result.stdout, 'stderr': result.stderr\\\\}
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Command failed: \\\\{e\\\\}")
            raise

    def status(self) -> Dict:
        """Get current status"""
        return self.run_command(['status'])

    def start(self) -> Dict:
        """Start service"""
        return self.run_command(['start'])

    def stop(self) -> Dict:
        """Stop service"""
        return self.run_command(['stop'])

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    wrapper = ToolWrapper()
    status = wrapper.status()
    print(json.dumps(status, indent=2))

Variables d'environnement

Variable Description Default
NAGIOS_CONFIG Configuration file path ~/.nagios/config.yaml
NAGIOS_HOME Home directory ~/.nagios
NAGIOS_LOG_LEVEL Logging level INFO
NAGIOS_LOG_FILE Log file path ~/.nagios/logs/nagios.log
NAGIOS_CACHE_DIR Cache directory ~/.nagios/cache
NAGIOS_DATA_DIR Data directory ~/.nagios/data
NAGIOS_TIMEOUT Default timeout 30s
NAGIOS_MAX_WORKERS Maximum workers 4

Fichier de configuration

# ~/.nagios/config.yaml
version: "1.0"

# General settings
settings:
  debug: false
  verbose: false
  log_level: "INFO"
  log_file: "~/.nagios/logs/nagios.log"
  timeout: 30
  max_workers: 4

# Network configuration
network:
  host: "localhost"
  port: 8080
  ssl: true
  timeout: 30
  retries: 3

# Security settings
security:
  auth_required: true
  api_key: ""
  encryption: "AES256"
  verify_ssl: true

# Performance settings
performance:
  cache_enabled: true
  cache_size: "100M"
  cache_dir: "~/.nagios/cache"
  max_memory: "1G"

# Monitoring settings
monitoring:
  enabled: true
  interval: 60
  metrics_enabled: true
  alerts_enabled: true

Exemples

Flux de travail de base

# 1. Initialize nagios
nagios init

# 2. Configure basic settings
nagios config set host example.com
nagios config set port 8080

# 3. Start service
nagios start

# 4. Check status
nagios status

# 5. Perform operations
nagios run --target example.com

# 6. View results
nagios results

# 7. Stop service
nagios stop

Flux de travail avancé

# Comprehensive operation with monitoring
nagios run \
  --config production.yaml \
  --parallel \
  --workers 8 \
  --verbose \
  --timeout 300 \
  --output json \
  --log-file operation.log

# Monitor in real-time
nagios monitor --real-time --interval 5

# Generate report
nagios report --type comprehensive --output report.html

Exemple d'automatisation

#!/bin/bash
# Automated nagios workflow

# Configuration
TARGETS_FILE="targets.txt"
RESULTS_DIR="results/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"
CONFIG_FILE="automation.yaml"

# Create results directory
mkdir -p "$RESULTS_DIR"

# Process each target
while IFS= read -r target; do
    echo "Processing $target..."

    nagios \
        --config "$CONFIG_FILE" \
        --output json \
        --output-file "$RESULTS_DIR/$\\\\{target\\\\}.json" \
        run "$target"

done < "$TARGETS_FILE"

# Generate summary report
nagios report summary \
    --input "$RESULTS_DIR/*.json" \
    --output "$RESULTS_DIR/summary.html"

Meilleures pratiques

Sécurité

  • Vérifiez toujours les comptes de chèques lors du téléchargement des binaires
  • Utiliser des méthodes d'authentification fortes (clés API, certificats)
  • Mise à jour régulière de la dernière version
  • Suivre le principe du moindre privilège
  • Activer l'enregistrement des audits pour assurer la conformité
  • Utiliser des connexions chiffrées lorsque c'est possible
  • Valider toutes les entrées et configurations
  • Mettre en place des contrôles d'accès appropriés

Rendement

  • Utiliser des limites de ressources appropriées pour votre environnement
  • Surveiller régulièrement les performances du système
  • Optimisez la configuration pour votre cas d'utilisation
  • Utiliser le traitement parallèle lorsque bénéfique
  • Mettre en œuvre des stratégies de mise en cache appropriées
  • Entretien et nettoyage réguliers
  • Goulets d'étranglement de performance du profil
  • Utiliser des algorithmes et des structures de données efficaces

Opérations

  • Tenir une documentation complète
  • Mettre en œuvre des stratégies de sauvegarde appropriées
  • Utiliser le contrôle de version pour les configurations
  • Surveiller et alerter les mesures critiques
  • Mettre en œuvre un traitement approprié des erreurs
  • Utiliser l'automatisation pour les tâches répétitives
  • Vérifications et mises à jour régulières de la sécurité
  • Plan de reprise après sinistre

Développement

  • Suivre les normes et conventions de codage
  • Écrire des tests complets
  • Utiliser l'intégration/déploiement continu
  • Mettre en œuvre une exploitation et un suivi appropriés
  • Documenter les API et les interfaces
  • Utiliser efficacement le contrôle de version
  • Révision régulière du code
  • Maintenir la compatibilité arrière

Ressources

Documentation officielle

  • [Site Web officiel] (LINK_18)
  • [Documentation] (LINK_18)
  • [Référence API] (LINK_18)
  • [Guide d'installation] (LINK_18)
  • [Référence de configuration] (LINK_18)

Ressources communautaires

  • [Répertoire GitHub] (LINK_18)
  • [Suivi d'émission] (LINK_18)
  • [Forum communautaire] (LINK_18)
  • [Serveur de discorde] (LINK_18)
  • [Communauté Reddit] (LINK_18)
  • [Débordement de la pile] (LINK_18)

Ressources pédagogiques

  • [Guide de démarrage] (LINK_18)
  • [Série turque] (LINK_18)
  • [Guide des meilleures pratiques] (LINK_18)
  • [Tutoriels vidéo] (LINK_18)
  • [Cours de formation] (LINK_18)
  • [Programme de certification] (LINK_18)

Outils connexes

  • Git - Fonctionnalité complémentaire
  • [Docker] (LINK_18) - Solution alternative
  • Kubernetes - Partenaire d'intégration

*Dernière mise à jour : 2025-07-06.