Gestionnaire de paquets Homebrew

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Commandes complètes Homebrew et workflows pour la gestion des paquets macOS et Linux.

Installation et configuration

Installer Homebrew

# Install Homebrew (macOS/Linux)
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# Add to PATH (follow installer instructions)
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"

Opérations de base

Command	Description
brew install package_name	Install package
brew uninstall package_name	Uninstall package
brew upgrade	Upgrade all packages
brew upgrade package_name	Upgrade specific package
brew list	List installed packages
brew outdated	List outdated packages

Informations sur l'emballage

Recherche et information

Command	Description
brew search keyword	Search for packages
brew info package_name	Show package information
brew list --versions	List installed packages with versions
brew deps package_name	Show package dependencies
brew uses package_name	Show packages that depend on this
brew home package_name	Open package homepage

Détails du paquet

Command	Description
brew desc package_name	Show package description
brew cat package_name	Show package formula
brew edit package_name	Edit package formula
brew log package_name	Show package commit history

Gestion des tâches (demandes GUI)

Opérations du Cask

Command	Description
brew install --cask app_name	Install GUI application
brew uninstall --cask app_name	Uninstall GUI application
brew list --cask	List installed casks
brew search --cask keyword	Search for casks
brew info --cask app_name	Show cask information
brew upgrade --cask	Upgrade all casks

Casks populaires

Cask	Description
visual-studio-code	VS Code editor
google-chrome	Chrome browser
docker	Docker Desktop
slack	Slack messaging
zoom	Zoom video conferencing
spotify	Spotify music

Gestion des services

Opérations de services

Command	Description
brew services list	List all services
brew services start service_name	Start service
brew services stop service_name	Stop service
brew services restart service_name	Restart service
brew services run service_name	Run service once

Services communs

Service	Description
postgresql	PostgreSQL database
mysql	MySQL database
redis	Redis cache
nginx	Nginx web server
mongodb-community	MongoDB database

Gestion de la touche (Tiers dépôts)

Opérations de la touche

Command	Description
brew tap	List tapped repositories
brew tap user/repo	Add tap
brew untap user/repo	Remove tap
brew tap-info user/repo	Show tap information

Taps populaires

Tap	Description
homebrew/cask-fonts	Fonts collection
homebrew/cask-versions	Alternative app versions
homebrew/services	Service management
mongodb/brew	MongoDB packages

Entretien du système

Opérations de nettoyage

Command	Description
brew cleanup	Remove old versions
brew cleanup package_name	Clean specific package
brew cleanup --prune=all	Remove all old downloads
brew autoremove	Remove unused dependencies

Santé et diagnostic

Command	Description
brew doctor	Check system for issues
brew missing	Check for missing dependencies
brew config	Show Homebrew configuration
brew --version	Show Homebrew version

Utilisation avancée

Élaboration de formules

Command	Description
brew create URL	Create new formula
brew edit package_name	Edit formula
brew install --build-from-source package	Build from source
brew test package_name	Test formula

Gestion des versions

Command	Description
brew pin package_name	Pin package version
brew unpin package_name	Unpin package version
brew switch package_name version	Switch to specific version
brew list --versions package_name	Show available versions

Gestion des lots

# Brewfile example
tap "homebrew/bundle"
tap "homebrew/cask"
tap "homebrew/core"

brew "git"
brew "node"
brew "python"
brew "docker"

cask "visual-studio-code"
cask "google-chrome"
cask "slack"

mas "Xcode", id: 497799835
```_

|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`brew bundle`|Install from Brewfile|
|`brew bundle dump`|Create Brewfile|
|`brew bundle cleanup`|Uninstall unlisted packages|
|`brew bundle check`|Check Brewfile status|

## Configuration

### Variables d'environnement
|Variable|Description|
|----------|-------------|
|`HOMEBREW_PREFIX`|Installation prefix|
|`HOMEBREW_CELLAR`|Package installation directory|
|`HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY`|Homebrew repository location|
|`HOMEBREW_CACHE`|Download cache directory|

### Fichiers de configuration
|File|Description|
|------|-------------|
|`~/.homebrew/`|User configuration|
|`/opt/homebrew/`|Installation directory (Apple Silicon)|
|`/usr/local/`|Installation directory (Intel)|
|`Brewfile`|Package bundle file|

## Dépannage

### Questions communes
|Problem|Solution|
|---------|----------|
|Permission errors|`sudo chown -R $(whoami) /opt/homebrew`|
|Outdated Xcode tools|`xcode-select --install`|
|Broken symlinks|`brew doctor && brew cleanup`|
|Formula conflicts|`brew unlink package && brew link package`|

### Réinitialiser et réinstaller
|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`brew uninstall --force package_name`|Force uninstall|
|`brew reinstall package_name`|Reinstall package|
|`brew link --overwrite package_name`|Force link|
|`brew prune`|Remove dead symlinks|

### Déboguement
|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`brew --debug install package`|Debug installation|
|`brew --verbose install package`|Verbose installation|
|`brew gist-logs package_name`|Create gist of logs|

## Optimisation des performances

### Opérations parallèles
```bash
# Enable parallel downloads
export HOMEBREW_PARALLEL=4

# Disable analytics
export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS=1

# Use faster GitHub API
export HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN=your_token
```_

### Gestion des caches
|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`brew cleanup --prune=7`|Keep 7 days of downloads|
|`du -sh $(brew --cache)`|Check cache size|
|`rm -rf $(brew --cache)`|Clear all cache|

## Sécurité

### Vérification de l'emballage
|Command|Description|
|---------|-------------|
|`brew audit package_name`|Audit package formula|
|`brew style package_name`|Check formula style|
|`brew install --verbose package`|Show detailed install process|

### Pratiques sûres
1. ** Mises à jour régulières** : tenir à jour Homebrew et les paquets
2. **Taps fiables**: Ajouter uniquement des robinets tiers de confiance
3. **Review Formules**: Vérifiez les formules avant l'installation
4. **Backup**: Maintenez Brewfile pour une restauration facile
5. **Permissions**: Évitez de courir avec sudo

## Intégration

### Intégration Shell
```bash
# Bash completion
if type brew &>/dev/null; then
  HOMEBREW_PREFIX="$(brew --prefix)"
  if [[ -r "$\\\\{HOMEBREW_PREFIX\\\\}/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh" ]]; then
    source "$\\\\{HOMEBREW_PREFIX\\\\}/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh"
  fi
fi

# Zsh completion
if type brew &>/dev/null; then
  FPATH="$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions:$\\\\{FPATH\\\\}"
  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
fi

Développement Flux de travail

# Install development environment
brew install git node python ruby go rust
brew install --cask visual-studio-code docker

# Database setup
brew install postgresql redis
brew services start postgresql
brew services start redis

# Create project
mkdir myproject && cd myproject
npm init -y

Meilleures pratiques

Gestion des paquets

1. ** Maintenance régulière** : exécuter brew update && brew upgrade hebdomadaire
2. Cleanup: Nettoyage régulier des anciennes versions et cache
3. Bundle Files: Utilisez Brewfile pour la cohérence de l'équipe
4. Pin Critical: Pin paquets qui ont besoin de versions spécifiques
5. Documentation: Documenter les touches et configurations personnalisées

Développement Environnement

1. ** Gestionnaires de version** : Utiliser les gestionnaires de versions pour les langues (nvm, pyenv, rbenv)
2. ** Environnements virtuels** : dépendances des projets isolés
3. Gestion des services : Utiliser les services de brassage pour le développement
4. ** Gestion du papier** : Gardez PATH propre et organisé
5. Stratégie de sauvegarde: sauvegardes et sauvegardes de Brewfile

Rendement

1. Parallel Downloads: Activer les opérations parallèles
2. Gestion des caches : Nettoyage régulier du cache
3. Analytique: Désactiver l'analyse pour des opérations plus rapides
4. Token GitHub: Utilisez le jeton GitHub pour les limites de taux d'API
5. ** Optimisation SSD**: Stockage cache sur le stockage le plus rapide