YUM/DNF Gestionnaire de paquets
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Commandes et workflows complets YUM et DNF pour la gestion des paquets Red Hat, CentOS et Fedora.
Installation et mises à jour
Opérations de base (DNF)
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf update |
Update all packages |
sudo dnf upgrade |
Upgrade all packages (same as update) |
sudo dnf install package_name |
Install package |
sudo dnf remove package_name |
Remove package |
sudo dnf autoremove |
Remove unused dependencies |
sudo dnf reinstall package_name |
Reinstall package |
Opérations de base (YUM)
| Command |
Description |
sudo yum update |
Update all packages |
sudo yum install package_name |
Install package |
sudo yum remove package_name |
Remove package |
sudo yum autoremove |
Remove unused dependencies |
sudo yum reinstall package_name |
Reinstall package |
Installation avancée
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install package1 package2 |
Install multiple packages |
sudo dnf install package-version |
Install specific version |
sudo dnf localinstall package.rpm |
Install local RPM file |
sudo dnf downgrade package_name |
Downgrade package |
sudo dnf install --enablerepo=repo package |
Install from specific repo |
| Command |
Description |
dnf search keyword |
Search for packages |
dnf info package_name |
Show package information |
dnf list installed |
List installed packages |
dnf list available |
List available packages |
dnf list updates |
List available updates |
rpm -qa |
List all installed packages |
rpm -qi package_name |
Show installed package info |
Dépendances des paquets
| Command |
Description |
dnf deplist package_name |
Show package dependencies |
dnf repoquery --requires package_name |
Show package requirements |
dnf repoquery --whatrequires package_name |
Show what requires package |
rpm -qR package_name |
Show package dependencies (RPM) |
Gestion des dépôts
Opérations de dépôt
| Command |
Description |
dnf repolist |
List enabled repositories |
dnf repolist all |
List all repositories |
sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo URL |
Add repository |
sudo dnf config-manager --disable repo_name |
Disable repository |
sudo dnf config-manager --enable repo_name |
Enable repository |
Dépôt EPEL (CentOS/RHEL)
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install epel-release |
Install EPEL repository |
sudo yum install epel-release |
Install EPEL (YUM) |
Entretien du système
Opérations de nettoyage
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf clean all |
Clean all cache |
sudo dnf clean packages |
Clean package cache |
sudo dnf clean metadata |
Clean metadata cache |
sudo dnf autoremove |
Remove orphaned packages |
Groupes d'emballage
| Command |
Description |
dnf group list |
List package groups |
dnf group info "Group Name" |
Show group information |
sudo dnf group install "Development Tools" |
Install package group |
sudo dnf group remove "Group Name" |
Remove package group |
Fichiers de configuration
DNF/YUM Configuration
| File |
Description |
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf |
DNF main configuration |
/etc/yum.conf |
YUM main configuration |
/etc/yum.repos.d/ |
Repository configuration files |
/var/log/dnf.log |
DNF log file |
/var/log/yum.log |
YUM log file |
Exemple dnf.conf
[main]
gpgcheck=1
installonly_limit=3
clean_requirements_on_remove=True
best=False
skip_if_unavailable=True
fastestmirror=True
max_parallel_downloads=10
Exemple de fichier de dépôt
ini
[example-repo]
name=Example Repository
baseurl=https://example.com/repo/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://example.com/RPM-GPG-KEY_
Utilisation avancée
Histoire et retour
| Command |
Description |
dnf history |
Show transaction history |
dnf history info ID |
Show transaction details |
sudo dnf history undo ID |
Undo transaction |
sudo dnf history redo ID |
Redo transaction |
sudo dnf history rollback ID |
Rollback to transaction |
Gestion des modules (DNF)
| Command |
Description |
dnf module list |
List available modules |
dnf module list --installed |
List installed modules |
sudo dnf module install module:stream |
Install module stream |
sudo dnf module enable module:stream |
Enable module stream |
sudo dnf module disable module |
Disable module |
Mises à jour de sécurité
| Command |
Description |
dnf updateinfo |
Show update information |
dnf updateinfo --security |
Show security updates |
sudo dnf update --security |
Install security updates only |
dnf updateinfo list cves |
List CVEs |
Construction de paquets
RPM Développement
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install rpm-build rpmdevtools |
Install build tools |
rpmdev-setuptree |
Setup RPM build tree |
rpmbuild -ba package.spec |
Build RPM package |
rpm -qp --requires package.rpm |
Check RPM dependencies |
Source
| Command |
Description |
dnf download --source package_name |
Download source RPM |
rpm -ivh package.src.rpm |
Install source RPM |
rpmbuild --rebuild package.src.rpm |
Rebuild from source |
Dépannage
Questions communes
| Problem |
Solution |
| Conflicting packages |
sudo dnf remove conflicting_package |
| Broken dependencies |
sudo dnf check |
| Corrupted RPM database |
sudo rpm --rebuilddb |
| Repository errors |
sudo dnf clean all && sudo dnf makecache |
Problèmes de verrouillage
| Command |
Description |
sudo rm /var/lib/rpm/.rpm.lock |
Remove RPM lock |
sudo rm /var/run/yum.pid |
Remove YUM lock |
ps aux \|grep yum |
Check for running YUM processes |
Réparation de la base de données
| Command |
Description |
sudo rpm --rebuilddb |
Rebuild RPM database |
sudo dnf check |
Check for problems |
sudo dnf distro-sync |
Synchronize packages |
Caractéristiques spécifiques de Fedora
Mises à jour Fedora
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=XX |
Download upgrade |
sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot |
Perform upgrade |
sudo dnf install fedora-upgrade |
Install upgrade tool |
Intégration Flatpak
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install flatpak |
Install Flatpak |
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo |
Add Flathub |
CentOS/RHEL spécifique
Gestionnaire d'abonnement (RHEL)
| Command |
Description |
sudo subscription-manager register |
Register system |
sudo subscription-manager attach --auto |
Auto-attach subscription |
sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=repo_name |
Enable repository |
Volet CentOS
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install centos-release-stream |
Install Stream repos |
sudo dnf swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos |
Switch to Stream |
Réglage de la configuration
```ini
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf optimizations
[main]
fastestmirror=True
max_parallel_downloads=10
deltarpm=True
keepcache=True
```_
Gestion des miroirs
| Command |
Description |
sudo dnf install dnf-plugins-core |
Install DNF plugins |
sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools |
Enable PowerTools (CentOS) |
Meilleures pratiques
Sécurité
- ** Mises à jour régulières**: Gardez le système à jour avec les correctifs de sécurité
- Vérification du dépôt: Utiliser uniquement des dépôts de confiance
- Vérification GPG: S'assurer que les paquets sont bien signés
- Installation miniature: Installer uniquement les paquets nécessaires
- ** Mises à jour de sécurité** : prioriser les mises à jour de sécurité
Rendement
- Plus rapide miroir: Activer le plugin miroir le plus rapide
- Parallel Téléchargements: Configuration des téléchargements parallèles
- Delta RPMs: Activer les téléchargements delta RPM
- Gestion des caches: Nettoyage régulier des caches
- Priorités de dépôt: Définir les priorités de dépôt
Entretien
- ** Nettoyage régulier**: Nettoyer régulièrement le cache du paquet
- ** Suivi de l'histoire** : Surveiller l'historique des transactions
- Dependency Health: Vérifiez les dépendances cassées
- Surveillance des registres: Examiner les registres des systèmes pour les problèmes
- Backup: Configurations importantes de sauvegarde