Consul

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HashiCorp complet Commandes et workflows Consul pour la découverte de service, la gestion de configuration et le maillage de service.

Installation et configuration

Command	Description
`consul version`	Show Consul version
`consul agent -dev`	Start development agent
`consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d`	Start with configuration
`consul members`	List cluster members
`consul info`	Show agent information

Gestion des agents

Opérations des agents de base

Command	Description
`consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect=3`	Start server agent
`consul agent -client=0.0.0.0`	Start client agent
`consul join 192.168.1.100`	Join cluster
`consul leave`	Gracefully leave cluster
`consul reload`	Reload configuration

Configuration de l'agent

Command	Description
`consul validate /etc/consul.d`	Validate configuration
`consul configtest`	Test configuration

Découverte des services

Enregistrement des services

Command	Description
`consul services register service.json`	Register service from file
`consul services deregister service-id`	Deregister service
`consul catalog services`	List all services
`consul catalog nodes`	List all nodes

Demandes de service

Command	Description
`consul catalog service web`	List instances of service
`consul catalog service web -tag production`	Filter by tag
`consul health service web`	Health check status
`consul health node node1`	Node health status

DNS Interface

Command	Description
`dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul`	Query service via DNS
`dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.dc1.consul`	Query specific datacenter
`dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 node1.node.consul`	Query node via DNS

Magasin de valeurs clés

Opérations KV

Command	Description
`consul kv put config/database/url "postgresql://..."`	Store key-value
`consul kv get config/database/url`	Retrieve value
`consul kv get -recurse config/`	Get all keys under prefix
`consul kv delete config/database/url`	Delete key
`consul kv delete -recurse config/`	Delete all keys under prefix

Opérations avancées de KV

Command	Description
`consul kv put -cas -modify-index=123 config/app/version "2.0"`	Conditional update
`consul kv get -detailed config/app/version`	Get with metadata
`consul kv export config/`	Export keys
`consul kv import @backup.json`	Import keys

Contrôles de santé

Gestion des contrôles de santé

Command	Description
`consul health checks`	List all health checks
`consul health checks web`	List checks for service
`consul health state critical`	List critical checks
`consul health state passing`	List passing checks

Listes de contrôle d'accès (LAC)

ACL Gestion

Command	Description
`consul acl bootstrap`	Bootstrap ACL system
`consul acl token create -description="Web service token"`	Create token
`consul acl token list`	List tokens
`consul acl token delete TOKEN_ID`	Delete token

Politiques ACL

Command	Description
`consul acl policy create -name web-policy -rules @policy.hcl`	Create policy
`consul acl policy list`	List policies
`consul acl policy read web-policy`	Read policy
`consul acl policy update -id POLICY_ID -rules @new-policy.hcl`	Update policy

Connexion (Mesh service)

Connecter la configuration

Command	Description
`consul connect ca get-config`	Get CA configuration
`consul connect ca set-config -config-file ca.json`	Set CA configuration
`consul connect proxy -service web`	Start Connect proxy

Intentions

Command	Description
`consul intention create web db`	Allow web to connect to db
`consul intention create -deny web cache`	Deny web to cache
`consul intention list`	List all intentions
`consul intention delete web db`	Delete intention

Entrées de configuration

Configuration du service

Command	Description
`consul config write service-defaults.hcl`	Write service defaults
`consul config write proxy-defaults.hcl`	Write proxy defaults
`consul config list -kind service-defaults`	List configurations
`consul config read -kind service-defaults -name web`	Read configuration
`consul config delete -kind service-defaults -name web`	Delete configuration

Snapshots et sauvegardes

Opérations instantanées

Command	Description
`consul snapshot save backup.snap`	Create snapshot
`consul snapshot restore backup.snap`	Restore snapshot
`consul snapshot inspect backup.snap`	Inspect snapshot

Surveillance et débogage

Contrôle des commandes

Command	Description
`consul monitor`	Stream logs
`consul monitor -log-level=DEBUG`	Debug level logs
`consul debug`	Collect debug information
`consul operator raft list-peers`	List Raft peers

Rendement

Command	Description
`consul operator autopilot get-config`	Get autopilot config
`consul operator autopilot set-config -cleanup-dead-servers=true`	Set autopilot config

Exemples de configuration

Configuration du serveur

datacenter = "dc1"
data_dir = "/opt/consul"
log_level = "INFO"
node_name = "consul-server-1"
server = true
bootstrap_expect = 3
retry_join = ["10.0.1.10", "10.0.1.11"]

bind_addr = "10.0.1.10"
client_addr = "0.0.0.0"

ui_config \\\\{
  enabled = true
\\\\}

connect \\\\{
  enabled = true
\\\\}

acl = \\\\{
  enabled = true
  default_policy = "deny"
  enable_token_persistence = true
\\\\}

Configuration du client

datacenter = "dc1"
data_dir = "/opt/consul"
log_level = "INFO"
node_name = "consul-client-1"
retry_join = ["10.0.1.10", "10.0.1.11", "10.0.1.12"]

bind_addr = "10.0.1.20"
client_addr = "127.0.0.1"

services \\\\{
  name = "web"
  port = 80
  tags = ["production", "v1.0"]

  check \\\\{
    http = "http://localhost:80/health"
    interval = "10s"
  \\\\}
\\\\}
```_

### Définition du service
```json
\\\\{
  "service": \\\\{
    "name": "web",
    "port": 80,
    "tags": ["production"],
    "check": \\\\{
      "http": "http://localhost:80/health",
      "interval": "10s"
    \\\\},
    "connect": \\\\{
      "sidecar_service": \\\\{\\\\}
    \\\\}
  \\\\}
\\\\}
```_

### Politique ACL
```hcl
node_prefix "" \\\\{
  policy = "read"
\\\\}

service_prefix "" \\\\{
  policy = "read"
\\\\}

service "web" \\\\{
  policy = "write"
\\\\}

key_prefix "config/web/" \\\\{
  policy = "write"
\\\\}

session_prefix "" \\\\{
  policy = "read"
\\\\}

Configuration du mesh de service

Par défaut de mandataire

Kind = "proxy-defaults"
Name = "global"

Config \\\\{
  protocol = "http"
\\\\}

MeshGateway \\\\{
  Mode = "local"
\\\\}

Par défaut de service

Kind = "service-defaults"
Name = "web"

Protocol = "http"

MeshGateway \\\\{
  Mode = "local"
\\\\}

Expose \\\\{
  Checks = true
  Paths = [
    \\\\{
      Path = "/health"
      LocalPathPort = 8080
      ListenerPort = 21500
    \\\\}
  ]
\\\\}

Multi-Datacenter Configuration

Fédération WAN

Command	Description
`consul join -wan 192.168.2.10`	Join WAN
`consul members -wan`	List WAN members
`consul catalog datacenters`	List datacenters

Enquêtes transversales

Command	Description
`consul catalog service web -datacenter dc2`	Query service in DC2
`dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.dc2.consul`	DNS query to DC2

Dépannage

Questions communes

Command	Description
`consul operator raft list-peers`	Check Raft cluster state
`consul debug -duration=30s`	Collect debug info
`consul validate /etc/consul.d`	Validate configuration
`consul members -detailed`	Detailed member information

Analyse du journal

Command	Description
`consul monitor -log-level=TRACE`	Trace level logging
`journalctl -u consul -f`	Follow systemd logs

Meilleures pratiques

Sécurité

Activer les ACL: toujours utiliser les ACL en production
Encryptage TLS: Activer TLS pour toute communication
Encryptage des avis: Utiliser le chiffrement des commérages
** Segmentation du réseau**: sécurité du réseau
Gestion des jetons: Rotation régulière des jetons

Rendement

** Affectation des ressources**: CPU et mémoire adéquats
Latence réseau: Minimiser la latence réseau
Disk I/O: Utiliser un stockage rapide pour le répertoire de données
** Taille du groupe**: Taille optimale du groupe
Surveillance : configuration complète de la surveillance

Opérations

Stratégie de sauvegarde: Photographies régulières
Planification de la mise à niveau : procédures de mise à niveau prudentes
Surveillance de la santé Surveiller la santé des services
Planification des capacités : Plan de croissance
Documentation: Topologie du service des documents

Développement

** Inscription au service**: définitions appropriées du service
** Contrôles de santé** : contrôles de santé complets
Gestion de la configuration : Utiliser efficacement KV store
Découverte des services: Mettre en œuvre des modèles de découverte appropriés
Essais: Configurations des mailles de service d'essai