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Guide de Référence Rapide de l'Outil d'Évaluation de Sécurité Azure

Vue d’ensemble

Azure Security Assessment Tool est un scanner de sécurité complet basé sur Rust, conçu pour évaluer les environnements Azure avec plus de 200 règles de sécurité. Cet outil fournit des évaluations de sécurité automatisées, des vérifications de conformité et l’identification des vulnérabilités à travers les abonnements Azure. Il offre des rapports détaillés et des conseils de remédiation pour aider les organisations à améliorer leur posture de sécurité Azure.

⚠️ Avertissement : Utilisez Azure Security Assessment Tool uniquement dans des environnements dont vous êtes propriétaire ou pour lesquels vous avez une autorisation explicite de test. Une utilisation non autorisée peut enfreindre les conditions de service ou les lois locales.

Installation

Prérequis

# Install Rust and Cargo
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs|sh
source ~/.cargo/env

# Verify Rust installation
rustc --version
cargo --version

# Install Git
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

# Install Azure CLI
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb|sudo bash

Installation depuis la Source

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar.git
cd azucar

# Build the project
cargo build --release

# The binary will be available at target/release/azucar
./target/release/azucar --version

# Install globally (optional)
cargo install --path .

Installation depuis Cargo

# Install directly from crates.io
cargo install azucar

# Verify installation
azucar --version

# Update to latest version
cargo install azucar --force

Installation Docker

# Pull Docker image
docker pull nccgroup/azucar:latest

# Run with Docker
docker run --rm -it nccgroup/azucar:latest --help

# Create alias for easier usage
echo 'alias azucar="docker run --rm -it -v ~/.azure:/root/.azure nccgroup/azucar:latest"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Configuration

Authentification Azure

# Login to Azure CLI
az login

# List available subscriptions
az account list --output table

# Set specific subscription
az account set --subscription "subscription-id"

# Verify current context
az account show

# Login with service principal
az login --service-principal \
  --username "app-id" \
  --password "password" \
  --tenant "tenant-id"

Configuration du Principal de Service

# Create service principal for assessment
az ad sp create-for-rbac \
  --name "AzureSecurityAssessment" \
  --role "Security Reader" \
  --scopes "/subscriptions/your-subscription-id"

# Grant additional permissions if needed
az role assignment create \
  --assignee "service-principal-id" \
  --role "Reader" \
  --scope "/subscriptions/your-subscription-id"

# For comprehensive assessment, consider these roles:
# - Security Reader
# - Reader
# - Security Admin (for remediation)

Fichier de Configuration

# Create configuration file
mkdir -p ~/.azucar
cat > ~/.azucar/config.toml << 'EOF'
[azure]
tenant_id = "your-tenant-id"
client_id = "your-client-id"
client_secret = "your-client-secret"
subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

[assessment]
parallel_requests = 10
timeout_seconds = 30
retry_attempts = 3

[output]
format = "json"
include_passed = false
severity_filter = ["high", "medium"]

[rules]
exclude_rules = []
include_only = []
custom_rules_path = "~/.azucar/custom_rules"
EOF

Utilisation de Base

Évaluation Rapide

# Basic security assessment
azucar assess

# Assess specific subscription
azucar assess --subscription "subscription-id"

# Assess with specific tenant
azucar assess --tenant "tenant-id"

# Verbose output
azucar assess --verbose

# Quiet mode (errors only)
azucar assess --quiet

Évaluations Ciblées

# Assess specific resource types
azucar assess --resource-types "VirtualMachines,StorageAccounts,KeyVaults"

# Assess specific resource groups
azucar assess --resource-groups "rg-prod,rg-staging"

# Assess specific regions
azucar assess --regions "eastus,westus2"

# Exclude specific resource types
azucar assess --exclude-types "NetworkSecurityGroups"

Gestion des Règles

# List available rules
azucar rules list

# Show rule details
azucar rules show --rule-id "AZR-001"

# List rules by category
azucar rules list --category "Storage"

# List rules by severity
azucar rules list --severity "high"

# Export rules to file
azucar rules export --output rules.json

Évaluation Avancée

Analyse de Sécurité Complète

# Full comprehensive assessment
azucar assess \
  --comprehensive \
  --include-compliance \
  --include-cost-optimization \
  --include-performance \
  --parallel 20

# Assessment with custom rules
azucar assess \
  --custom-rules-path "./custom_rules" \
  --include-experimental

# Multi-subscription assessment
azucar assess \
  --subscriptions "sub1,sub2,sub3" \
  --output-dir "./multi-sub-results"

Évaluations de Conformité

# CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark
azucar assess --compliance cis-azure

# Azure Security Benchmark
azucar assess --compliance azure-security-benchmark

# NIST Cybersecurity Framework
azucar assess --compliance nist-csf

# Custom compliance framework
azucar assess --compliance-config "./custom-compliance.yaml"

# Multiple compliance frameworks
azucar assess --compliance "cis-azure,azure-security-benchmark"

Évaluation Continue

# Scheduled assessment script
cat > azure_security_scan.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# Configuration
SUBSCRIPTION_ID="your-subscription-id"
OUTPUT_DIR="/opt/azure-assessments"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
REPORT_DIR="$OUTPUT_DIR/$DATE"

# Create output directory
mkdir -p "$REPORT_DIR"

# Run comprehensive assessment
azucar assess \
  --subscription "$SUBSCRIPTION_ID" \
  --comprehensive \
  --output-format "json,html,csv" \
  --output-dir "$REPORT_DIR" \
  --verbose

# Generate summary report
azucar report generate \
  --input "$REPORT_DIR/assessment.json" \
  --template "executive-summary" \
  --output "$REPORT_DIR/executive-summary.pdf"

# Send alerts for critical findings
azucar report alert \
  --input "$REPORT_DIR/assessment.json" \
  --severity "critical" \
  --webhook "https://your-webhook-url"

echo "Assessment completed: $REPORT_DIR"
EOF

chmod +x azure_security_scan.sh

# Schedule with cron (daily at 2 AM)
echo "0 2 * * * /opt/azure_security_scan.sh"|crontab -

Sortie et Rapports

Formats de Sortie

# JSON output (default)
azucar assess --output-format json

# HTML report
azucar assess --output-format html

# CSV export
azucar assess --output-format csv

# XML output
azucar assess --output-format xml

# Multiple formats
azucar assess --output-format "json,html,csv"

# Custom output file
azucar assess --output-file "security-assessment-$(date +%Y%m%d).json"

Génération de Rapports

# Generate executive summary
azucar report generate \
  --input assessment.json \
  --template executive-summary \
  --output executive-report.pdf

# Generate technical report
azucar report generate \
  --input assessment.json \
  --template technical-details \
  --output technical-report.html

# Generate compliance report
azucar report generate \
  --input assessment.json \
  --template compliance-matrix \
  --compliance cis-azure \
  --output compliance-report.xlsx

# Custom report template
azucar report generate \
  --input assessment.json \
  --template-file "./custom-template.jinja2" \
  --output custom-report.html

Filtrage et Analyse

# Filter by severity
azucar assess --severity-filter "critical,high"

# Filter by category
azucar assess --category-filter "Security,Compliance"

# Include only failed checks
azucar assess --failed-only

# Include passed checks
azucar assess --include-passed

# Filter by resource tags
azucar assess --tag-filter "Environment=Production"

# Exclude specific resources
azucar assess --exclude-resources "resource-id-1,resource-id-2"

Développement de Règles Personnalisées

Structure des Règles

# Example custom rule: custom_rules/storage_encryption.yaml
id: "CUSTOM-001"
name: "Storage Account Encryption at Rest"
description: "Ensure storage accounts have encryption at rest enabled"
category: "Storage"
severity: "high"
resource_types:
  - "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts"

conditions:
  - field: "properties.encryption.services.blob.enabled"
    operator: "equals"
    value: true
  - field: "properties.encryption.services.file.enabled"
    operator: "equals"
    value: true

remediation:
  description: "Enable encryption at rest for blob and file services"
  steps:
    - "Navigate to Storage Account in Azure Portal"
    - "Go to Security + networking > Encryption"
    - "Enable encryption for Blob and File services"

automation:
  azure_cli:|
    az storage account update \
      --name \\\\{resource_name\\\\} \
      --resource-group \\\\{resource_group\\\\} \
      --encryption-services blob file

references:
  - "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-service-encryption"

Développement de Règles

# Create custom rule directory
mkdir -p ~/.azucar/custom_rules

# Validate custom rules
azucar rules validate --rules-path "~/.azucar/custom_rules"

# Test custom rule
azucar assess \
  --custom-rules-path "~/.azucar/custom_rules" \
  --rule-id "CUSTOM-001" \
  --dry-run

# Export rule template
azucar rules template --output rule-template.yaml

Exemples de Règles Avancées

The translation maintains the original markdown formatting, keeps technical terms in English, and preserves the structure and punctuation of the original text.```yaml

Network Security Group rule

id: “CUSTOM-002” name: “NSG SSH Access Restriction” description: “Ensure NSGs don’t allow SSH access from any source” category: “Network” severity: “critical” resource_types:

  • “Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups”

conditions:

  • field: “properties.securityRules” operator: “not_contains” value: properties: access: “Allow” direction: “Inbound” destinationPortRange: “22” sourceAddressPrefix: ”*“

Key Vault rule

id: “CUSTOM-003” name: “Key Vault Soft Delete” description: “Ensure Key Vaults have soft delete enabled” category: “Security” severity: “medium” resource_types:

  • “Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults”

conditions:

  • field: “properties.enableSoftDelete” operator: “equals” value: true
  • field: “properties.softDeleteRetentionInDays” operator: “greater_than” value: 7
```yaml
# Azure DevOps Pipeline
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - develop

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: $(subscription-id)
  AZURE_TENANT_ID: $(tenant-id)

steps:
- task: AzureCLI@2
  displayName: 'Azure Security Assessment'
  inputs:
    azureSubscription: 'azure-service-connection'
    scriptType: 'bash'
    scriptLocation: 'inlineScript'
    inlineScript:|
      # Install azucar
      cargo install azucar

      # Run security assessment
      azucar assess \
        --subscription $(AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) \
        --output-format json \
        --output-file security-assessment.json \
        --severity-filter "critical,high"

      # Check for critical findings
      CRITICAL_COUNT=$(jq '.findings[]|select(.severity == "critical")|length' security-assessment.json)

      if [ "$CRITICAL_COUNT" -gt 0 ]; then
        echo "##vso[task.logissue type=error]Found $CRITICAL_COUNT critical security issues"
        exit 1
      fi

- task: PublishTestResults@2
  displayName: 'Publish Security Assessment Results'
  inputs:
    testResultsFormat: 'JUnit'
    testResultsFiles: 'security-assessment.xml'
    failTaskOnFailedTests: true
```### Intégration du Pipeline CI/CD
```yaml
# .github/workflows/azure-security.yml
name: Azure Security Assessment

on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily at 2 AM
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  security-assessment:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Setup Rust
      uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
      with:
        toolchain: stable
        override: true

    - name: Install Azure Security Assessment Tool
      run: cargo install azucar

    - name: Azure Login
      uses: azure/login@v1
      with:
        creds: $\\\\{\\\\{ secrets.AZURE_CREDENTIALS \\\\}\\\\}

    - name: Run Security Assessment
      run:|
        azucar assess \
          --subscription $\\\\{\\\\{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID \\\\}\\\\} \
          --output-format json \
          --output-file assessment.json \
          --comprehensive

    - name: Generate Report
      run:|
        azucar report generate \
          --input assessment.json \
          --template executive-summary \
          --output security-report.html

    - name: Upload Assessment Results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: security-assessment
        path:|
          assessment.json
          security-report.html

    - name: Check for Critical Issues
      run:|
        CRITICAL=$(jq '.findings[]|select(.severity == "critical")|length' assessment.json)
        if [ "$CRITICAL" -gt 0 ]; then
          echo "::error::Found $CRITICAL critical security issues"
          exit 1
        fi
```### Intégration de GitHub Actions
```powershell
# Azure Security Assessment PowerShell Module
function Invoke-AzureSecurityAssessment \\\\{
    param(
        [string]$SubscriptionId,
        [string]$ResourceGroup,
        [string]$OutputPath = ".\assessment-results",
        [string[]]$Severity = @("critical", "high"),
        [switch]$Comprehensive,
        [switch]$GenerateReport
    )

    # Ensure output directory exists
    if (!(Test-Path $OutputPath)) \\\\{
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $OutputPath -Force
    \\\\}

    # Build assessment command
    $cmd = "azucar assess"

    if ($SubscriptionId) \\\\{
        $cmd += " --subscription `"$SubscriptionId`""
    \\\\}

    if ($ResourceGroup) \\\\{
        $cmd += " --resource-groups `"$ResourceGroup`""
    \\\\}

    if ($Comprehensive) \\\\{
        $cmd += " --comprehensive"
    \\\\}

    if ($Severity) \\\\{
        $severityFilter = $Severity -join ","
        $cmd += " --severity-filter `"$severityFilter`""
    \\\\}

    $timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss"
    $outputFile = Join-Path $OutputPath "assessment_$timestamp.json"
    $cmd += " --output-file `"$outputFile`""

    try \\\\{
        Write-Host "[+] Running Azure Security Assessment..."
        Invoke-Expression $cmd

        if ($GenerateReport) \\\\{
            Write-Host "[+] Generating HTML report..."
            $reportFile = Join-Path $OutputPath "report_$timestamp.html"
            $reportCmd = "azucar report generate --input `"$outputFile`" --template executive-summary --output `"$reportFile`""
            Invoke-Expression $reportCmd
        \\\\}

        # Parse results
        $assessment = Get-Content $outputFile|ConvertFrom-Json
        $findings = $assessment.findings

        $summary = @\\\\{
            Total = $findings.Count
            Critical = ($findings|Where-Object \\\\{ $_.severity -eq "critical" \\\\}).Count
            High = ($findings|Where-Object \\\\{ $_.severity -eq "high" \\\\}).Count
            Medium = ($findings|Where-Object \\\\{ $_.severity -eq "medium" \\\\}).Count
            Low = ($findings|Where-Object \\\\{ $_.severity -eq "low" \\\\}).Count
        \\\\}

        Write-Host "[+] Assessment Summary:"
        Write-Host "    Total Findings: $($summary.Total)"
        Write-Host "    Critical: $($summary.Critical)"
        Write-Host "    High: $($summary.High)"
        Write-Host "    Medium: $($summary.Medium)"
        Write-Host "    Low: $($summary.Low)"

        return @\\\\{
            OutputFile = $outputFile
            Summary = $summary
            Findings = $findings
        \\\\}

    \\\\} catch \\\\{
        Write-Error "[-] Assessment failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
        return $null
    \\\\}
\\\\}

# Usage examples
$result = Invoke-AzureSecurityAssessment -SubscriptionId "your-sub-id" -Comprehensive -GenerateReport

# Check for critical issues
if ($result.Summary.Critical -gt 0) \\\\{
    Write-Warning "Found $($result.Summary.Critical) critical security issues!"
\\\\}
```### Automatisation PowerShell
```bash
# Check Azure CLI authentication
az account show

# Re-authenticate
az login --tenant "tenant-id"

# Verify service principal permissions
az role assignment list --assignee "service-principal-id"

# Test API access
az rest --method get --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/your-sub-id/resources?api-version=2021-04-01"
```## Dépannage
```bash
# Check required permissions
az role definition show --name "Security Reader"

# Grant additional permissions
az role assignment create \
  --assignee "principal-id" \
  --role "Reader" \
  --scope "/subscriptions/subscription-id"

# List current permissions
az role assignment list --assignee "principal-id" --output table
```### Problèmes Courants
```bash
# Reduce parallel requests
azucar assess --parallel 5

# Increase timeout
azucar assess --timeout 60

# Assess specific regions only
azucar assess --regions "eastus"

# Exclude large resource types
azucar assess --exclude-types "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines"
```#### Problèmes d'Authentification
```bash
# Validate custom rules
azucar rules validate --rules-path "./custom_rules"

# Test specific rule
azucar assess --rule-id "AZR-001" --dry-run

# Debug rule execution
azucar assess --rule-id "AZR-001" --verbose --debug

# Export default rules for reference
azucar rules export --output default-rules.json
```#### Problèmes de Permissions
```bash
# Enable debug logging
export RUST_LOG=debug
azucar assess --verbose

# Save logs to file
azucar assess --verbose 2>&1|tee assessment.log

# Check specific rule execution
azucar assess --rule-id "AZR-001" --debug

# Validate configuration
azucar config validate
```#### Problèmes de Performance
https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar###

# Problèmes de Règles
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/##

# Débogage et Journalisation
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/benchmarks/#

# Ressources
https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/azure- [Référentiel de l'Outil d'Évaluation de Sécurité Azure](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/)https://www.rust-lang.org/- [Documentation de Sécurité Azure](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/azure/)