Hoja de Referencia de Vim¶
Descripción General¶
Vim es un editor de texto altamente configurable diseñado para crear y modificar cualquier tipo de texto de manera muy eficiente. Es una versión mejorada del editor vi distribuido con la mayoría de los sistemas UNIX.
Navegación Básica¶
Comandos de Movimiento¶
Would you like me to continue with the remaining sections? Please provide the English text for each section, and I'll translate them following the same rules: - Translate only text content - Preserve markdown formatting - Keep technical terms in English - Maintain structure and punctuation```vim h, j, k, l # Left, down, up, right w # Next word b # Previous word e # End of word 0 # Beginning of line ^ # First non-blank character $ # End of line gg # Go to first line G # Go to last line :n # Go to line n Ctrl+f # Page down Ctrl+b # Page up Ctrl+d # Half page down Ctrl+u # Half page up
### Jumping
```vim
% # Jump to matching bracket
* # Find next occurrence of word under cursor
# # Find previous occurrence of word under cursor
n # Next search result
N # Previous search result
`` # Jump back to previous position
'. # Jump to last edit
Modes¶
Mode Switching¶
i # Insert mode (before cursor)
a # Insert mode (after cursor)
I # Insert at beginning of line
A # Insert at end of line
o # Open new line below
O # Open new line above
v # Visual mode
V # Visual line mode
Ctrl+v # Visual block mode
: # Command mode
Esc # Return to normal mode
Editing Commands¶
Basic Editing¶
x # Delete character under cursor
X # Delete character before cursor
dd # Delete line
D # Delete from cursor to end of line
dw # Delete word
d$ # Delete to end of line
d0 # Delete to beginning of line
yy # Copy (yank) line
yw # Copy word
y$ # Copy to end of line
p # Paste after cursor
P # Paste before cursor
u # Undo
Ctrl+r # Redo
. # Repeat last command
Advanced Editing¶
cc # Change entire line
cw # Change word
c$ # Change to end of line
r # Replace single character
R # Replace mode
s # Substitute character
S # Substitute line
~ # Toggle case
>> # Indent line
<< # Unindent line
J # Join lines
Search and Replace¶
Search¶
/pattern # Search forward
?pattern # Search backward
n # Next match
N # Previous match
* # Search for word under cursor (forward)
# # Search for word under cursor (backward)
:noh # Clear search highlighting
Replace¶
:s/old/new/ # Replace first occurrence in line
:s/old/new/g # Replace all occurrences in line
:%s/old/new/g # Replace all occurrences in file
:%s/old/new/gc # Replace with confirmation
:5,10s/old/new/g # Replace in lines 5-10
File Operations¶
File Management¶
:w # Save file
:w filename # Save as filename
:q # Quit
:q! # Quit without saving
:wq # Save and quit
:x # Save and quit (same as :wq)
ZZ # Save and quit (normal mode)
ZQ # Quit without saving (normal mode)
:e filename # Edit file
:r filename # Read file into current buffer
Buffer Management¶
:ls # List buffers
:b n # Switch to buffer n
:bn # Next buffer
:bp # Previous buffer
:bd # Delete buffer
:split # Horizontal split
:vsplit # Vertical split
Ctrl+w h/j/k/l # Navigate between splits
Ctrl+w w # Switch between splits
Visual Mode¶
Visual Selection¶
v # Character-wise visual mode
V # Line-wise visual mode
Ctrl+v # Block-wise visual mode
o # Move to other end of selection
gv # Reselect last visual selection
Visual Operations¶
d # Delete selection
y # Yank (copy) selection
c # Change selection
> # Indent selection
``< # Unindent selection
= # Auto-indent selection
u # Lowercase selection
U # Uppercase selection
Text Objects¶
Text Object Selection¶
iw # Inner word
aw # A word (including spaces)
is # Inner sentence
as # A sentence
ip # Inner paragraph
ap # A paragraph
i" # Inner quotes
a" # A quotes (including quotes)
i( # Inner parentheses
a( # A parentheses (including parens)
it # Inner tag (HTML/XML)
at # A tag (HTML/XML)
Usage Examples¶
diw # Delete inner word
ciw # Change inner word
yi" # Yank text inside quotes
da( # Delete text including parentheses
Macros¶
Recording and Playing Macros¶
qa # Start recording macro in register 'a'
q # Stop recording
@a # Play macro from register 'a'
@@ # Repeat last macro
5@a # Play macro 5 times
Macro Examples¶
# Record a macro to add semicolon at end of line
qa # Start recording
A; # Go to end of line and add semicolon
Esc # Return to normal mode
q # Stop recording
@a # Play macro
Registers¶
Using Registers¶
"ay # Yank into register 'a'
"ap # Paste from register 'a'
:reg # Show all registers
:reg a # Show register 'a'
"0p # Paste from yank register (register 0)
"+y # Yank to system clipboard
"+p # Paste from system clipboard
Marks¶
Setting and Using Marks¶
ma # Set mark 'a' at current position
'a # Jump to mark 'a'
`a # Jump to exact position of mark 'a'
:marks # Show all marks
'' # Jump to previous position
'. # Jump to last edit position
Folding¶
Fold Commands¶
zf # Create fold
zo # Open fold
zc # Close fold
za # Toggle fold
zR # Open all folds
zM # Close all folds
zd # Delete fold
Configuration¶
Basic .vimrc Settings¶
" Enable syntax highlighting
syntax on
" Show line numbers
set number
" Enable mouse support
set mouse=a
" Set tab width
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set expandtab
" Enable auto-indentation
set autoindent
set smartindent
" Show matching brackets
set showmatch
" Highlight search results
set hlsearch
" Incremental search
set incsearch
" Case insensitive search
set ignorecase
set smartcase
" Enable file type detection
filetype on
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
" Set color scheme
colorscheme desert
" Show status line
set laststatus=2
" Enable clipboard
set clipboard=unnamedplus
Advanced Configuration¶
```vim " Leader key let mapleader = ","
" Custom key mappings
nnoremap
" Auto-completion set wildmenu set wildmode=list:longest
" Backup and swap files set backup set backupdir=~/.vim/backup set directory=~/.vim/swap
" Persistent undo
set undofile
set undodir=~/.vim/undo
## Pluginsvim
" Vim-Plug (add to .vimrc)
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
call plug#end()
" Install plugins: :PlugInstall
" Update plugins: :PlugUpdate
### Gestores de Pluginsvim
" File explorer
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
:NERDTree
" Status line Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
" Git integration Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive' :Git status
" Fuzzy finder Plug 'ctrlpvim/ctrlp.vim' Ctrl+p
" Auto-completion Plug 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
" Syntax checking
Plug 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
### Plugins Popularesvim
:help # Open help
:help topic # Help on specific topic
:version # Show version
:set # Show all options
:set option # Show specific option
:set option=value # Set option value
:!command # Execute shell command
:r !command # Read command output into buffer
## Línea de Comandosvim
:retab # Convert tabs to spaces
:sort # Sort lines
:sort u # Sort and remove duplicates
:%!xxd # Hex dump
:%!xxd -r # Reverse hex dump
:g/pattern/d # Delete lines matching pattern
:v/pattern/d # Delete lines not matching pattern
### Comandos Exvim
:args *.txt # Open multiple files
:next # Next file
:prev # Previous file
:first # First file
:last # Last file
:argdo %s/old/new/g # Execute command on all files
### Comandos Útilesvim
:mksession session.vim # Save session
:source session.vim # Load session
vim -S session.vim # Start with session
## Características Avanzadasvim
vimdiff file1 file2 # Start diff mode
:diffthis # Make current window part of diff
:diffoff # Turn off diff mode
]c # Next difference
[c # Previous difference
do # Diff obtain (get change)
dp # Diff put (put change)
### Múltiples Archivosvim
Quick file switching¶
Ctrl+^ # Switch to alternate file
Quick line duplication¶
yyp # Duplicate current line
Quick word completion¶
Ctrl+n # Next completion Ctrl+p # Previous completion
Quick bracket matching¶
% # Jump to matching bracket
Quick indentation¶
=G # Auto-indent from cursor to end
gg=G # Auto-indent entire file
### Sesionesvim
Change case¶
guu # Lowercase line gUU # Uppercase line g~~ # Toggle case of line
Join lines with space¶
J # Join current line with next
Increment/decrement numbers¶
Ctrl+a # Increment number under cursor Ctrl+x # Decrement number under cursor
Quick substitution¶
& # Repeat last substitution
### Modo Diffvim
Stuck in insert mode¶
Esc # Return to normal mode
Can't save file¶
:w! # Force write :w filename # Save with different name
Accidental recording¶
q # Stop recording macro
Clear search highlighting¶
:noh # No highlight
Reset to defaults¶
:set all& # Reset all options
``## Consejos y Trucos:help### Consejos de Productividad
https://vim.fandom.com/### Comandos que Ahorran Tiempovimtutor`## Resolución de Problemas
https://www.vim.org/### Problemas Comunes