Vim Cheatsheet
Sinopsis
Vim es un editor de texto altamente configurable construido para hacer crear y cambiar cualquier tipo de texto muy eficiente. Es una versión mejorada del editor vi distribuida con la mayoría de los sistemas UNIX.
Navegación básica
Mandos de movimiento
h, j, k, l # Left, down, up, right
w # Next word
b # Previous word
e # End of word
0 # Beginning of line
^ # First non-blank character
$ # End of line
gg # Go to first line
G # Go to last line
:n # Go to line n
Ctrl+f # Page down
Ctrl+b # Page up
Ctrl+d # Half page down
Ctrl+u # Half page up
Saltando
% # Jump to matching bracket
* # Find next occurrence of word under cursor
# # Find previous occurrence of word under cursor
n # Next search result
N # Previous search result
`` # Jump back to previous position
'. # Jump to last edit
Modos
Mode Switching
i # Insert mode (before cursor)
a # Insert mode (after cursor)
I # Insert at beginning of line
A # Insert at end of line
o # Open new line below
O # Open new line above
v # Visual mode
V # Visual line mode
Ctrl+v # Visual block mode
: # Command mode
Esc # Return to normal mode
Edición de Comandos
Edición básica
x # Delete character under cursor
X # Delete character before cursor
dd # Delete line
D # Delete from cursor to end of line
dw # Delete word
d$ # Delete to end of line
d0 # Delete to beginning of line
yy # Copy (yank) line
yw # Copy word
y$ # Copy to end of line
p # Paste after cursor
P # Paste before cursor
u # Undo
Ctrl+r # Redo
. # Repeat last command
Edición avanzada
cc # Change entire line
cw # Change word
c$ # Change to end of line
r # Replace single character
R # Replace mode
s # Substitute character
S # Substitute line
~ # Toggle case
>> # Indent line
<< # Unindent line
J # Join lines
Búsqueda y sustitución
Búsqueda
/pattern # Search forward
?pattern # Search backward
n # Next match
N # Previous match
* # Search for word under cursor (forward)
# # Search for word under cursor (backward)
:noh # Clear search highlighting
Sustitución
:s/old/new/ # Replace first occurrence in line
:s/old/new/g # Replace all occurrences in line
:%s/old/new/g # Replace all occurrences in file
:%s/old/new/gc # Replace with confirmation
:5,10s/old/new/g # Replace in lines 5-10
Operaciones de archivo
Administración de archivos
:w # Save file
:w filename # Save as filename
:q # Quit
:q! # Quit without saving
:wq # Save and quit
:x # Save and quit (same as :wq)
ZZ # Save and quit (normal mode)
ZQ # Quit without saving (normal mode)
:e filename # Edit file
:r filename # Read file into current buffer
Buffer Management
:ls # List buffers
:b n # Switch to buffer n
:bn # Next buffer
:bp # Previous buffer
:bd # Delete buffer
:split # Horizontal split
:vsplit # Vertical split
Ctrl+w h/j/k/l # Navigate between splits
Ctrl+w w # Switch between splits
Modo visual
Selección visual
v # Character-wise visual mode
V # Line-wise visual mode
Ctrl+v # Block-wise visual mode
o # Move to other end of selection
gv # Reselect last visual selection
Operaciones visuales
d # Delete selection
y # Yank (copy) selection
c # Change selection
> # Indent selection
``< # Unindent selection
= # Auto-indent selection
u # Lowercase selection
U # Uppercase selection
Objetos de texto
Selección de objetos de texto
iw # Inner word
aw # A word (including spaces)
is # Inner sentence
as # A sentence
ip # Inner paragraph
ap # A paragraph
i" # Inner quotes
a" # A quotes (including quotes)
i( # Inner parentheses
a( # A parentheses (including parens)
it # Inner tag (HTML/XML)
at # A tag (HTML/XML)
Ejemplos de uso
diw # Delete inner word
ciw # Change inner word
yi" # Yank text inside quotes
da( # Delete text including parentheses
Macros
Grabación y Reproducción de Macros
qa # Start recording macro in register 'a'
q # Stop recording
@a # Play macro from register 'a'
@@ # Repeat last macro
5@a # Play macro 5 times
Ejemplos Macro
# Record a macro to add semicolon at end of line
qa # Start recording
A; # Go to end of line and add semicolon
Esc # Return to normal mode
q # Stop recording
@a # Play macro
Registros
Utilizando Registros
"ay # Yank into register 'a'
"ap # Paste from register 'a'
:reg # Show all registers
:reg a # Show register 'a'
"0p # Paste from yank register (register 0)
"+y # Yank to system clipboard
"+p # Paste from system clipboard
Marcas
Ajuste y uso de marcas
ma # Set mark 'a' at current position
'a # Jump to mark 'a'
`a # Jump to exact position of mark 'a'
:marks # Show all marks
'' # Jump to previous position
'. # Jump to last edit position
Folding
Mandos plegados
zf # Create fold
zo # Open fold
zc # Close fold
za # Toggle fold
zR # Open all folds
zM # Close all folds
zd # Delete fold
Configuración
Basic .vimrc Ajustes
" Enable syntax highlighting
syntax on
" Show line numbers
set number
" Enable mouse support
set mouse=a
" Set tab width
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set expandtab
" Enable auto-indentation
set autoindent
set smartindent
" Show matching brackets
set showmatch
" Highlight search results
set hlsearch
" Incremental search
set incsearch
" Case insensitive search
set ignorecase
set smartcase
" Enable file type detection
filetype on
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
" Set color scheme
colorscheme desert
" Show status line
set laststatus=2
" Enable clipboard
set clipboard=unnamedplus
Configuración avanzada
" Leader key
let mapleader = ","
" Custom key mappings
nnoremap <leader>``w :w<CR>
nnoremap <leader>q :q<CR>
nnoremap <C-h> <C-w>h
nnoremap <C-j> <C-w>j
nnoremap <C-k> <C-w>k
nnoremap <C-l> <C-w>l
" Auto-completion
set wildmenu
set wildmode=list:longest
" Backup and swap files
set backup
set backupdir=~/.vim/backup
set directory=~/.vim/swap
" Persistent undo
set undofile
set undodir=~/.vim/undo
Plugins
Plugin Managers
" Vim-Plug (add to .vimrc)
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
call plug#end()
" Install plugins: :PlugInstall
" Update plugins: :PlugUpdate
Plugins populares
" File explorer
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
:NERDTree
" Status line
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
" Git integration
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
:Git status
" Fuzzy finder
Plug 'ctrlpvim/ctrlp.vim'
Ctrl+p
" Auto-completion
Plug 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
" Syntax checking
Plug 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
Command Line
Ex Comandos
:help # Open help
:help topic # Help on specific topic
:version # Show version
:set # Show all options
:set option # Show specific option
:set option=value # Set option value
:!command # Execute shell command
:r !command # Read command output into buffer
Mandos útiles
:retab # Convert tabs to spaces
:sort # Sort lines
:sort u # Sort and remove duplicates
:%!xxd # Hex dump
:%!xxd -r # Reverse hex dump
:g/pattern/d # Delete lines matching pattern
:v/pattern/d # Delete lines not matching pattern
Características avanzadas
Múltiples archivos
:args *.txt # Open multiple files
:next # Next file
:prev # Previous file
:first # First file
:last # Last file
:argdo %s/old/new/g # Execute command on all files
Período de sesiones
:mksession session.vim # Save session
:source session.vim # Load session
vim -S session.vim # Start with session
Diff Mode
vimdiff file1 file2 # Start diff mode
:diffthis # Make current window part of diff
:diffoff # Turn off diff mode
]c # Next difference
[c # Previous difference
do # Diff obtain (get change)
dp # Diff put (put change)
Consejos y trucos
Consejos de productividad
# Quick file switching
Ctrl+^ # Switch to alternate file
# Quick line duplication
yyp # Duplicate current line
# Quick word completion
Ctrl+n # Next completion
Ctrl+p # Previous completion
# Quick bracket matching
% # Jump to matching bracket
# Quick indentation
=G # Auto-indent from cursor to end
gg=G # Auto-indent entire file
Comandos de ahorro de tiempo
# Change case
guu # Lowercase line
gUU # Uppercase line
g~~ # Toggle case of line
# Join lines with space
J # Join current line with next
# Increment/decrement numbers
Ctrl+a # Increment number under cursor
Ctrl+x # Decrement number under cursor
# Quick substitution
& # Repeat last substitution
Solución de problemas
Cuestiones comunes
# Stuck in insert mode
Esc # Return to normal mode
# Can't save file
:w! # Force write
:w filename # Save with different name
# Accidental recording
q # Stop recording macro
# Clear search highlighting
:noh # No highlight
# Reset to defaults
:set all& # Reset all options
Recursos
- Documentación oficial:
:help_ - Vim Wiki: vim.fandom.com
- Tutorial interactivo:
vimtutor - ** Recursos en línea**: vim.org