Vagabundos¶

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Completo HashiCorp Vagrant comandos y flujos de trabajo para la gestión del entorno de desarrollo y el suministro de máquinas virtuales.

Instalación¶

Command	Description
`vagrant version`	Show Vagrant version
`vagrant -h`	Show help information
`vagrant init`	Initialize new Vagrantfile
`vagrant init ubuntu/jammy64`	Initialize with specific box

Box Management¶

Operaciones en caja¶

Command	Description
`vagrant box list`	List installed boxes
`vagrant box add ubuntu/jammy64`	Add box
`vagrant box add --name mybox /path/to/box.box`	Add local box
`vagrant box remove ubuntu/jammy64`	Remove box
`vagrant box update`	Update all boxes
`vagrant box update --box ubuntu/jammy64`	Update specific box

Información del recuadro¶

Command	Description
`vagrant box outdated`	Check for outdated boxes
`vagrant box prune`	Remove old box versions
`vagrant box repackage ubuntu/jammy64`	Repackage box

VM Gestión del ciclo de vida¶

Operaciones básicas¶

Command	Description
`vagrant up`	Start and provision VM
`vagrant halt`	Shutdown VM
`vagrant reload`	Restart VM
`vagrant destroy`	Destroy VM
`vagrant suspend`	Suspend VM
`vagrant resume`	Resume suspended VM

VM Status and Information¶

Command	Description
`vagrant status`	Show VM status
`vagrant global-status`	Show all VMs status
`vagrant global-status --prune`	Clean up invalid entries

SSH y Access¶

SSH Operations¶

Command	Description
`vagrant ssh`	SSH into VM
`vagrant ssh-config`	Show SSH configuration
`vagrant ssh -- -L 8080:localhost:80`	SSH with port forwarding

Provisioning¶

Comandos de provisión¶

Command	Description
`vagrant provision`	Run provisioners
`vagrant provision --provision-with shell`	Run specific provisioner
`vagrant up --provision`	Start and provision
`vagrant reload --provision`	Restart and provision

Multi-Machine Environments¶

Comandos Multi-Machine¶

Command	Description
`vagrant up web`	Start specific machine
`vagrant ssh web`	SSH to specific machine
`vagrant halt db`	Halt specific machine
`vagrant destroy --force`	Destroy all without confirmation

Juegos de rol¶

Gestión de instantáneas¶

Command	Description
`vagrant snapshot save snapshot_name`	Save snapshot
`vagrant snapshot list`	List snapshots
`vagrant snapshot restore snapshot_name`	Restore snapshot
`vagrant snapshot delete snapshot_name`	Delete snapshot

Gestión de plugins¶

Operaciones de enchufe¶

Command	Description
`vagrant plugin list`	List installed plugins
`vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest`	Install plugin
`vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguest`	Uninstall plugin
`vagrant plugin update`	Update all plugins

Ejemplos de perfil de vagabundeo¶

Basic Vagrantfile¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.hostname = "myserver"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Provider configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.cpus = 2
    vb.name = "MyVM"
  end

  # Provisioning
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y nginx
    systemctl enable nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  SHELL
end

Multi-Machine Setup¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  # Web server
  config.vm.define "web" do|web|
    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "1024"
      vb.cpus = 1
    end

    web.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y nginx
    SHELL
  end

  # Database server
  config.vm.define "db" do|db|
    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    db.vm.hostname = "database"
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"

    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "2048"
      vb.cpus = 2
    end

    db.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y mysql-server
    SHELL
  end
end

Configuración avanzada¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.box_version = "20230607.0.0"

  # Synced folders
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
  config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
    owner: "www-data", group: "www-data"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network",
    ip: "192.168.56.10",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"

  config.vm.network "public_network",
    bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

  # Port forwarding
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443

  # Provider-specific configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.gui = false
    vb.memory = "4096"
    vb.cpus = 4
    vb.name = "Development Server"

    # VirtualBox specific settings
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
  end

  # Multiple provisioners
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get upgrade -y
  SHELL

  config.vm.provision "file",
    source: "./configs/nginx.conf",
    destination: "/tmp/nginx.conf"

  config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/setup.sh"

  config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
    ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
    ansible.inventory_path = "inventory"
  end
end

Métodos de disposición¶

Shell Provisioning¶

# Inline shell commands
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get update
  apt-get install -y docker.io
  usermod -aG docker vagrant
SHELL

# External script
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/bootstrap.sh"

# Privileged and non-privileged
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL
  echo "Running as vagrant user"
SHELL

# Environment variables
config.vm.provision "shell", env: \\\\{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND" => "noninteractive"\\\\}, inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get install -y mysql-server
SHELL

Suministro de archivos¶

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub",
  destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "./configs/",
  destination: "/tmp/configs"

Ansible Provisioning¶

config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
  ansible.playbook = "site.yml"
  ansible.inventory_path = "inventory/vagrant"
  ansible.limit = "all"
  ansible.verbose = "v"

  ansible.extra_vars = \\\\{
    nginx_port: 80,
    database_name: "myapp"
  \\\\}
end

Docker Provisioning¶

config.vm.provision "docker" do|d|
  d.pull_images "nginx"
  d.pull_images "mysql:8.0"

  d.run "nginx",
    args: "-p 80:80 -v /vagrant/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"

  d.run "mysql",
    args: "-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret -p 3306:3306"
end

Configuración de red¶

Redes privadas¶

# Static IP
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

# DHCP
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"

# Multiple interfaces
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10"

Redes públicas¶

# Bridge to default interface
config.vm.network "public_network"

# Bridge to specific interface
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

# Static IP on public network
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100"

Port Forwarding¶

# Basic port forwarding
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Multiple ports
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3306

# Auto-correct port conflicts
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true

Configuración del proveedor¶

Proveedor VirtualBox¶

config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
  vb.gui = true
  vb.memory = "4096"
  vb.cpus = 4
  vb.name = "MyVM"

  # Advanced settings
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "128"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--accelerate3d", "on"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"]
end

VMware Proveedor¶

config.vm.provider "vmware_desktop" do|vmware|
  vmware.vmx["memsize"] = "4096"
  vmware.vmx["numvcpus"] = "4"
  vmware.vmx["displayName"] = "MyVM"
end

Proveedor Hyper-V¶

config.vm.provider "hyperv" do|hv|
  hv.memory = 4096
  hv.cpus = 4
  hv.vmname = "MyVM"
end

Carpetas sincronizadas¶

Carpetas básicas sincronizadas¶

# Default synced folder (disabled)
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true

# Custom synced folder
config.vm.synced_folder "./src", "/var/www/html"

# With options
config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
  owner: "www-data",
  group: "www-data",
  mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=664"]

NFS Sinced Folders¶

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "nfs",
  nfs_udp: false,
  nfs_version: 4

SMB Sinced Folders (Windows)¶

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "smb",
  smb_username: "username",
  smb_password: "password"

Buenas prácticas¶

Optimización del rendimiento¶

Asignación de recursos: Asignar la CPU apropiada y la memoria
Carpetas sincronizadas: Use NFS para un mejor rendimiento en macOS/Linux
** Selección de bloques**: Elija cajas base mínimas
Snapshot Management: Use instantáneas para retrocesos rápidos
** Optimización del proveedor**: Configurar optimizaciones específicas del proveedor

Seguridad¶

SSH Keys: Utilice las teclas SSH en lugar de contraseñas
Isolación de red: Use redes privadas cuando sea posible
Firewall: Configurar reglas apropiadas de cortafuegos
Actualizaciones: Mantener cajas y Vagrant actualizado
Secrets: No cometas secretos al control de versiones

Development Workflow¶

Version Control: Include Vagrantfile en control de versiones
Documentación: Configuración de documentos y uso
Consistencia: Use el mismo entorno en equipo
Testing: Test provisioning scripts
Cleanup: Limpiar regularmente VM y cajas sin usar

Solución de problemas¶

Logs: Revisar los registros de Vagrant y proveedores
SSH: Use vagrant ssh-config_ para depurar
Networking: Comprobar conectividad de red
Provisioning: Probando scripts por separado
Recursos: Supervisar los recursos del sistema anfitrión