Vagrant

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Comando	Descripción
vagrant version	Mostrar versión de Vagrant
vagrant -h	Mostrar información de ayuda
vagrant init	Inicializar nuevo Vagrantfile
vagrant init ubuntu/jammy64	Inicializar con cuadro específico

Box Management

Box Operations

Comando	Descripción
vagrant box list	Listar cajas instaladas
vagrant box add ubuntu/jammy64	Añadir caja
vagrant box add --name mybox /path/to/box.box	Agregar box local
vagrant box remove ubuntu/jammy64	Eliminar cuadro
vagrant box update	Actualizar todas las cajas
vagrant box update --box ubuntu/jammy64	Actualizar cuadro específico

Box Information

Comando	Descripción
vagrant box outdated	Verificar cajas desactualizadas
vagrant box prune	Eliminar versiones antiguas de box
vagrant box repackage ubuntu/jammy64	Reembalar caja

VM Lifecycle Management

Basic Operations

Comando	Descripción
vagrant up	Iniciar y aprovisionar VM
vagrant halt	Apagar VM
vagrant reload	Reiniciar VM
vagrant destroy	Destruir VM
vagrant suspend	Suspender VM
vagrant resume	Reanudar VM suspendida

VM Status and Information

Comando	Descripción
vagrant status	Mostrar estado de VM
vagrant global-status	Mostrar estado de todas las VMs
vagrant global-status --prune	Limpiar entradas inválidas

SSH and Access

SSH Operations

Comando	Descripción
vagrant ssh	SSH into VM
vagrant ssh-config	Mostrar configuración SSH
vagrant ssh -- -L 8080:localhost:80	SSH con reenvío de puertos

Provisioning

Provisioning Commands

Comando	Descripción
vagrant provision	Ejecutar proveedores
vagrant provision --provision-with shell	Ejecutar aprovisionador específico
vagrant up --provision	Iniciar y aprovisionar
vagrant reload --provision	Reiniciar y aprovisionar

Multi-Machine Environments

Multi-Machine Commands

Comando	Descripción
vagrant up web	Iniciar máquina específica
vagrant ssh web	SSH a máquina específica
vagrant halt db	Detener máquina específica
vagrant destroy --force	Destruir todo sin confirmación

Snapshots

Snapshot Management

Comando	Descripción
vagrant snapshot save snapshot_name	Guardar instantánea
vagrant snapshot list	Listar snapshots
vagrant snapshot restore snapshot_name	Restaurar snapshot
vagrant snapshot delete snapshot_name	Eliminar instantánea

Plugin Management

Plugin Operations

Comando	Descripción
vagrant plugin list	Listar plugins instalados
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest	Instalar plugin
vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguest	Desinstalar plugin
vagrant plugin update	Actualizar todos los plugins

Vagrantfile Examples

Basic Vagrantfile

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.hostname = "myserver"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Provider configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.cpus = 2
    vb.name = "MyVM"
  end

  # Provisioning
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y nginx
    systemctl enable nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  SHELL
end

Multi-Machine Setup

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  # Web server
  config.vm.define "web" do|web|
    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "1024"
      vb.cpus = 1
    end

    web.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y nginx
    SHELL
  end

  # Database server
  config.vm.define "db" do|db|
    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    db.vm.hostname = "database"
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"

    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "2048"
      vb.cpus = 2
    end

    db.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y mysql-server
    SHELL
  end
end

Advanced Configuration

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.box_version = "20230607.0.0"

  # Synced folders
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
  config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
    owner: "www-data", group: "www-data"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network",
    ip: "192.168.56.10",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"

  config.vm.network "public_network",
    bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

  # Port forwarding
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443

  # Provider-specific configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.gui = false
    vb.memory = "4096"
    vb.cpus = 4
    vb.name = "Development Server"

    # VirtualBox specific settings
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
  end

  # Multiple provisioners
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get upgrade -y
  SHELL

  config.vm.provision "file",
    source: "./configs/nginx.conf",
    destination: "/tmp/nginx.conf"

  config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/setup.sh"

  config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
    ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
    ansible.inventory_path = "inventory"
  end
end

Provisioning Methods

Shell Provisioning

# Inline shell commands
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get update
  apt-get install -y docker.io
  usermod -aG docker vagrant
SHELL

# External script
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/bootstrap.sh"

# Privileged and non-privileged
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL
  echo "Running as vagrant user"
SHELL

# Environment variables
config.vm.provision "shell", env: \\\\{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND" => "noninteractive"\\\\}, inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get install -y mysql-server
SHELL

File Provisioning

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub",
  destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "./configs/",
  destination: "/tmp/configs"

Ansible Provisioning

config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
  ansible.playbook = "site.yml"
  ansible.inventory_path = "inventory/vagrant"
  ansible.limit = "all"
  ansible.verbose = "v"

  ansible.extra_vars = \\\\{
    nginx_port: 80,
    database_name: "myapp"
  \\\\}
end

Docker Provisioning

config.vm.provision "docker" do|d|
  d.pull_images "nginx"
  d.pull_images "mysql:8.0"

  d.run "nginx",
    args: "-p 80:80 -v /vagrant/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"

  d.run "mysql",
    args: "-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret -p 3306:3306"
end

Network Configuration

Private Networks

# Static IP
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

# DHCP
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"

# Multiple interfaces
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10"

Public Networks

# Bridge to default interface
config.vm.network "public_network"

# Bridge to specific interface
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

# Static IP on public network
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100"

Port Forwarding

# Basic port forwarding
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Multiple ports
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3306

# Auto-correct port conflicts
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true

Provider Configuration

VirtualBox Provider

config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
  vb.gui = true
  vb.memory = "4096"
  vb.cpus = 4
  vb.name = "MyVM"

  # Advanced settings
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "128"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--accelerate3d", "on"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"]
end

VMware Provider

config.vm.provider "vmware_desktop" do|vmware|
  vmware.vmx["memsize"] = "4096"
  vmware.vmx["numvcpus"] = "4"
  vmware.vmx["displayName"] = "MyVM"
end

Hyper-V Provider

config.vm.provider "hyperv" do|hv|
  hv.memory = 4096
  hv.cpus = 4
  hv.vmname = "MyVM"
end

Synced Folders

Basic Synced Folders

# Default synced folder (disabled)
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true

# Custom synced folder
config.vm.synced_folder "./src", "/var/www/html"

# With options
config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
  owner: "www-data",
  group: "www-data",
  mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=664"]

NFS Synced Folders

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "nfs",
  nfs_udp: false,
  nfs_version: 4

SMB Synced Folders (Windows)

config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
  type: "smb",
  smb_username: "username",
  smb_password: "password"

Best Practices

Performance Optimization

1. Resource Allocation: Allocate appropriate CPU and memory
2. Synced Folders: Use NFS for better performance on macOS/Linux
3. Box Selection: Choose minimal base boxes
4. Snapshot Management: Use snapshots for quick rollbacks
5. Provider Optimization: Configure provider-specific optimizations

Security

1. SSH Keys: Use SSH keys instead of passwords
2. Network Isolation: Use private networks when possible
3. Firewall: Configure appropriate firewall rules
4. Updates: Keep boxes and Vagrant updated
5. Secrets: Don’t commit secrets to version control

Development Workflow

1. Version Control: Include Vagrantfile in version control
2. Documentation: Document setup and usage
3. Consistency: Use same environment across team
4. Testing: Test provisioning scripts
5. Cleanup: Regularly clean up unused VMs and boxes

Troubleshooting

1. Logs: Check Vagrant and provider logs
2. SSH: Use vagrant ssh-config for debugging
3. Networking: Test network connectivity
4. Provisioning: Test provisioning scripts separately
5. Resources: Monitor host system resources