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PuTTY - SSH y Telnet Client para Windows

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PuTTY es un emulador de terminal libre y de código abierto, consola serie y aplicación de transferencia de archivos de red. Originalmente desarrollado para Windows, PuTTY admite conexiones SSH, Telnet, rlogin y socket crudo. Es uno de los clientes más populares de SSH para Windows e incluye una amplia gama de herramientas para el acceso remoto seguro y la transferencia de archivos.

Instalación

Windows

# Download from official website
# https://www.putty.org/

# Via Chocolatey
choco install putty

# Via Scoop
scoop install putty

# Via Windows Package Manager
winget install PuTTY.PuTTY

# Portable version (no installation required)
# Download putty.exe and run directly

Linux

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt update
sudo apt install putty

# Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora
sudo dnf install putty

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S putty

macOS

# Via Homebrew
brew install putty

# Via MacPorts
sudo port install putty

Componentes PuTTY Suite

Aplicaciones básicas

# Main applications
putty.exe          # Main SSH/Telnet client
puttygen.exe       # Key generation tool
pageant.exe        # SSH authentication agent
pscp.exe           # SCP file transfer client
psftp.exe          # SFTP file transfer client
plink.exe          # Command-line SSH client

Herramientas adicionales

# Utility tools
puttytel.exe       # Telnet-only client
pterm.exe          # Terminal emulator (Unix-like systems)

Configuración básica de conexión

SSH Conexión

# Basic SSH connection setup in PuTTY GUI:
# Host Name: server.example.com
# Port: 22
# Connection Type: SSH
# Protocol Version: 2 (recommended)

# Save session for reuse
# Session Name: MyServer
# Click "Save"

# Load saved session
# Select "MyServer" from saved sessions
# Click "Load"

Tipos de conexión

# SSH (Secure Shell) - Port 22
Host: server.example.com
Port: 22
Connection Type: SSH

# Telnet - Port 23
Host: server.example.com
Port: 23
Connection Type: Telnet

# Raw connection
Host: server.example.com
Port: [custom port]
Connection Type: Raw

# Serial connection
Serial Line: COM1
Speed: 9600
Connection Type: Serial

SSH Autenticación clave

Generar Llaves SSH (PuTTYgen)

# Launch PuTTYgen
puttygen.exe

# Generate new key pair
# 1. Select key type (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, Ed25519)
# 2. Set key size (2048, 3072, 4096 bits for RSA)
# 3. Click "Generate"
# 4. Move mouse to generate randomness
# 5. Add key comment (optional)
# 6. Set passphrase (recommended)
# 7. Save private key (.ppk format)
# 8. Save public key (.pub format)

Conversión clave

# Convert OpenSSH private key to PuTTY format
# 1. Load existing private key in PuTTYgen
# 2. File > Load private key
# 3. Select OpenSSH key file
# 4. Save as PuTTY private key (.ppk)

# Export PuTTY key to OpenSSH format
# 1. Load .ppk file in PuTTYgen
# 2. Conversions > Export OpenSSH key
# 3. Save as OpenSSH format

Configurar la autenticación clave en PuTTY

# SSH > Auth > Credentials
# Private key file for authentication: [Browse to .ppk file]
# Allow agent forwarding: [Check if needed]
# Allow attempted changes of username: [Check if needed]

# SSH > Auth > GSSAPI
# Attempt GSSAPI authentication: [Uncheck for key auth]

Pageant (SSH Agent)

Utilizando Pageant

# Start Pageant
pageant.exe

# Add keys to Pageant
# Right-click Pageant icon in system tray
# "Add Key" > Select .ppk file
# Enter passphrase if required

# View loaded keys
# Right-click Pageant icon
# "View Keys"

# Remove key
# Select key in "View Keys" dialog
# Click "Remove Key"

Pageant Command Line

# Start Pageant with keys
pageant.exe key1.ppk key2.ppk

# Start Pageant and add key
pageant.exe -c "command to run"

# Kill Pageant
pageant.exe -k

Configuración terminal

Ajustes de la apariencia

# Window > Appearance
Font: Consolas, 10pt
Font quality: ClearType
Cursor appearance: Block/Underline/Vertical line
Cursor blinks: [Check/Uncheck]

# Window > Colours
Default Foreground: RGB(187, 187, 187)
Default Background: RGB(0, 0, 0)
Cursor Text: RGB(0, 0, 0)
Cursor Colour: RGB(0, 255, 0)

# ANSI Colors (can be customized)
ANSI Black: RGB(0, 0, 0)
ANSI Red: RGB(187, 0, 0)
ANSI Green: RGB(0, 187, 0)
ANSI Yellow: RGB(187, 187, 0)
ANSI Blue: RGB(0, 0, 187)
ANSI Magenta: RGB(187, 0, 187)
ANSI Cyan: RGB(0, 187, 187)
ANSI White: RGB(187, 187, 187)

Window Behavior

# Window > Behaviour
Warn before closing window: [Check]
Window closes on ALT-F4: [Check]
System menu appears on ALT-Space: [Check]
System menu appears on Alt alone: [Uncheck]
Ensure window is always on top: [Check if needed]
Full screen on Alt-Enter: [Check]

Características de la terminal

# Terminal > Features
Disable application cursor keys mode: [Uncheck]
Disable application keypad mode: [Uncheck]
Disable xterm-style mouse reporting: [Uncheck]
Disable remote window title changing: [Check for security]
Disable remote window title querying: [Check for security]
Disable destructive backspace on server: [Uncheck]
Disable remote character set configuration: [Check for security]

Atajos de teclado

# Text selection
Shift + Arrow Keys         # Select text
Ctrl + Shift + Arrow       # Select word by word
Shift + Home/End           # Select to beginning/end of line
Ctrl + A                   # Select all text

# Clipboard operations
Ctrl + C                   # Copy selected text
Ctrl + V                   # Paste from clipboard
Shift + Insert             # Paste from clipboard (alternative)
Right Click                # Context menu (copy/paste)

# Window operations
Alt + Enter                # Toggle fullscreen
Alt + F4                   # Close window
Alt + Space                # System menu

Control de terminales

# Process control
Ctrl + C                   # Send SIGINT (interrupt)
Ctrl + Z                   # Send SIGTSTP (suspend)
Ctrl + D                   # Send EOF
Ctrl + \                   # Send SIGQUIT

# Terminal functions
Ctrl + L                   # Clear screen (if supported by shell)
Ctrl + R                   # Reverse search (if supported by shell)
Ctrl + U                   # Clear line (if supported by shell)

PuTTY Specific

# Special key combinations
Ctrl + Right Click         # Context menu
Alt + F4                   # Close connection
Alt + Enter                # Toggle fullscreen
Ctrl + Shift + C           # Copy (if configured)
Ctrl + Shift + V           # Paste (if configured)

Transferencia de Archivos

PSCP (SCP Client)

# Basic file transfer
pscp source destination

# Copy file to remote server
pscp localfile.txt user@server:/path/to/destination/

# Copy file from remote server
pscp user@server:/path/to/file.txt localfile.txt

# Copy directory recursively
pscp -r localdirectory user@server:/path/to/destination/

# Copy with specific port
pscp -P 2222 file.txt user@server:/path/

# Copy with private key
pscp -i keyfile.ppk file.txt user@server:/path/

# Preserve file attributes
pscp -p file.txt user@server:/path/

# Verbose output
pscp -v file.txt user@server:/path/

# Batch mode (non-interactive)
pscp -batch file.txt user@server:/path/

PSFTP (SFTP Client)

# Start SFTP session
psftp user@server

# SFTP commands within session
open user@server          # Connect to server
ls                         # List remote directory
lls                        # List local directory
cd /path/to/directory      # Change remote directory
lcd C:\local\path          # Change local directory
pwd                        # Show remote working directory
lpwd                       # Show local working directory

# File operations
get remotefile.txt         # Download file
put localfile.txt          # Upload file
mget *.txt                 # Download multiple files
mput *.txt                 # Upload multiple files
del remotefile.txt         # Delete remote file
rm remotefile.txt          # Delete remote file (alias)
mkdir newdirectory         # Create remote directory
rmdir emptydirectory       # Remove remote directory

# Transfer modes
binary                     # Set binary transfer mode
ascii                      # Set ASCII transfer mode

# Exit SFTP
quit                       # Exit SFTP session
bye                        # Exit SFTP session (alias)

PSFTP Batch Operations

# Create batch file (commands.txt)
cd /home/user
lcd C:\local\folder
mget *.log
quit

# Execute batch file
psftp -b commands.txt user@server

# Non-interactive batch mode
psftp -batch -b commands.txt user@server

# Execute single command
plink user@server "ls -la"

# Interactive session
plink user@server

# Specify port
plink -P 2222 user@server

# Use private key
plink -i keyfile.ppk user@server

# Batch mode (non-interactive)
plink -batch user@server "uptime"

# SSH protocol version
plink -2 user@server  # Force SSH-2
plink -1 user@server  # Force SSH-1 (not recommended)

# Connection options
plink -ssh user@server                    # Force SSH
plink -telnet user@server                 # Force Telnet
plink -raw server 80                      # Raw connection
plink -serial COM1 -sercfg 9600,8,n,1    # Serial connection

# Authentication options
plink -pw password user@server           # Password authentication
plink -i keyfile.ppk user@server         # Key authentication
plink -agent user@server                 # Use Pageant

# Tunneling options
plink -L 8080:localhost:80 user@server   # Local port forwarding
plink -R 8080:localhost:80 user@server   # Remote port forwarding
plink -D 1080 user@server                # Dynamic port forwarding (SOCKS)

# X11 forwarding
plink -X user@server                     # Enable X11 forwarding
plink -x user@server                     # Disable X11 forwarding

# Compression
plink -C user@server                     # Enable compression

# Verbose output
plink -v user@server                     # Verbose mode

Port Forwarding and Tunneling

Local Port Forwarding

# Forward local port to remote service
# Connection > SSH > Tunnels
Source Port: 8080
Destination: localhost:80
Type: Local
Click "Add"

# Command line equivalent
plink -L 8080:localhost:80 user@server

# Multiple forwards
plink -L 8080:localhost:80 -L 3306:database:3306 user@server

Puerto remoto hacia adelante

# Forward remote port to local service
# Connection > SSH > Tunnels
Source Port: 8080
Destination: localhost:80
Type: Remote
Click "Add"

# Command line equivalent
plink -R 8080:localhost:80 user@server

Avance dinámico del puerto (SOCKS Proxy)

# Create SOCKS proxy
# Connection > SSH > Tunnels
Source Port: 1080
Type: Dynamic
Click "Add"

# Command line equivalent
plink -D 1080 user@server

# Configure applications to use SOCKS proxy
# Proxy: localhost:1080
# Type: SOCKS5

Gestión del período de sesiones

Sesiones de ahorro

# Save session configuration
# 1. Configure all settings
# 2. Enter session name in "Saved Sessions"
# 3. Click "Save"

# Default session
# Leave "Saved Sessions" blank
# Click "Save" to save as default

Importación de sesión/Exporto

# Export session to file
# Windows Registry: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions

# Export via Registry Editor
regedit /e putty-sessions.reg "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY"

# Import sessions
regedit /i putty-sessions.reg

# Command line export
reg export "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY" putty-config.reg

Automatización de sesión

# Auto-login script
# Connection > SSH > Remote command
# Enter: /bin/bash -l

# Startup script
# Terminal > Shell
# Send to server on startup: source ~/.bashrc

# Keep session alive
# Connection > Sending of null packets to keep session active
# Seconds between keepalives: 60

Configuración de seguridad

SSH Ajustes de seguridad

# SSH > Protocol options
SSH protocol version: 2 only
Enable compression: [Check for slow connections]

# SSH > Encryption
Encryption cipher selection policy:
- ChaCha20-Poly1305 (SSH-2 only)
- AES-256 (SSH-2 only)
- AES-192 (SSH-2 only)
- AES-128 (SSH-2 only)

# SSH > Host keys
Policy for unknown host keys: Ask
Cache host keys: [Check]

Authentication Security

# SSH > Auth > Credentials
Display pre-authentication banner: [Check]
Bypass authentication entirely: [Uncheck]
Allow agent forwarding: [Check only if needed]
Allow attempted changes of username: [Uncheck for security]

# SSH > Auth > Methods
Attempt authentication using Pageant: [Check if using Pageant]
Attempt TIS or CryptoCard authentication: [Uncheck unless needed]
Attempt keyboard-interactive authentication: [Check]
Allow fallback to password authentication: [Check]

Seguridad de conexión

# Connection > Data
Terminal-type string: xterm
Terminal speed: 38400,38400
Environment variables: [Only add if necessary]

# Connection > Proxy
Proxy type: None (unless using proxy)
Do DNS name lookup at proxy end: [Check if using proxy]
Username/Password: [Only if proxy requires authentication]

Solución de problemas

Cuestiones de conexión

# Common connection problems
# 1. Check host name and port
# 2. Verify firewall settings
# 3. Test with telnet first
telnet server.example.com 22

# Network connectivity test
ping server.example.com
nslookup server.example.com

# SSH service status (on server)
systemctl status ssh
systemctl status sshd

Problemas de autenticación

# Key authentication issues
# 1. Verify key format (.ppk for PuTTY)
# 2. Check key permissions on server
# 3. Verify public key in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
# 4. Check SSH server configuration

# Server-side debugging
tail -f /var/log/auth.log
tail -f /var/log/secure

# Client-side debugging
# Enable logging in PuTTY
# Session > Logging
# Log file name: putty.log
# What to do if log file exists: Append

Cuestiones de ejecución

# Slow connections
# Enable compression
# Connection > SSH > Protocol options
# Enable compression: [Check]

# Optimize cipher selection
# SSH > Encryption
# Move faster ciphers to top of list

# Adjust window size
# Connection > SSH > Protocol options
# Max data before sending return: 4096

Problemas de visualización

# Character encoding problems
# Window > Translation
# Character set: UTF-8
# Handling of line drawing characters: Use Unicode

# Font rendering issues
# Window > Appearance
# Font quality: ClearType
# Try different fonts: Consolas, Courier New, Lucida Console

# Color problems
# Window > Colours
# Allow terminal to specify ANSI colours: [Check]
# Allow terminal to use xterm 256-colour mode: [Check]

Características avanzadas

Registro

# Session logging
# Session > Logging
Log file name: C:\logs\putty-%Y%M%D-%h%m%s.log
What to do if log file exists: Ask user
Flush log file frequently: [Check]

# Log types
All session output: Complete session log
SSH packets: Protocol-level debugging
SSH packets and raw data: Detailed debugging

Escritura y automatización

# Automated login script
# Create batch file (connect.bat)
@echo off
putty.exe -ssh user@server -pw password -m commands.txt

# Commands file (commands.txt)
ls -la
uptime
df -h
exit

# Registry-based automation
# Save session configuration
# Use batch file to launch saved session
putty.exe -load "SessionName"

Integración con otras herramientas

# WinSCP integration
# Configure WinSCP to use PuTTY for terminal
# Options > Integration > Applications
# PuTTY path: C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe

# Windows Terminal integration
# Add PuTTY profile to Windows Terminal
\\\\{
    "name": "PuTTY SSH",
    "commandline": "putty.exe -ssh user@server",
    "icon": "C:\\Program Files\\PuTTY\\putty.exe"
\\\\}

Buenas prácticas

Prácticas óptimas de seguridad

# Use key-based authentication
# Generate strong keys (RSA 4096-bit or Ed25519)
# Use passphrases on private keys
# Regularly rotate keys

# Disable password authentication on server
# /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM no

# Use jump hosts for sensitive servers
# Configure bastion host access
# Use agent forwarding carefully

Configuration Management

# Backup PuTTY configuration
# Export registry settings regularly
reg export "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY" putty-backup.reg

# Version control for configurations
# Store exported configurations in Git
# Document session purposes and access requirements

# Standardize configurations across team
# Create template configurations
# Share session exports with team members

Optimización del rendimiento

# Optimize for network conditions
# Enable compression for slow links
# Adjust keepalive settings for unstable connections
# Use appropriate cipher selection

# Terminal optimization
# Use appropriate fonts and sizes
# Configure scrollback appropriately
# Disable unnecessary features for performance

PuTTY sigue siendo el estándar de facto para el acceso SSH en sistemas Windows, ofreciendo un amplio conjunto de herramientas para el acceso remoto seguro y la transferencia de archivos. Sus amplias opciones de configuración y su robusto conjunto de características lo hacen adecuado para todo desde conexiones simples SSH a escenarios complejos de túnel. Comprender las capacidades de PuTTY es esencial para los administradores y desarrolladores del sistema basados en Windows que trabajan con sistemas remotos Unix/Linux.