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Pacman Package Manager

Completo Pacman comandos y flujos de trabajo para la gestión de paquetes Arch Linux.

Instalación > Actualizaciones

Operaciones básicas del paquete

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_9 Update system (sync + upgrade)
INLINE_CODE_10 Install package
INLINE_CODE_11 Remove package
INLINE_CODE_12 Remove package and dependencies
INLINE_CODE_13 Remove package, deps, and config
INLINE_CODE_14 Install local package
_
### Instalación avanzada
Command Description
--------- -------------
INLINE_CODE_15 Install multiple packages
INLINE_CODE_16 Install only if not installed
INLINE_CODE_17 Install as dependency
INLINE_CODE_18 Mark as dependency
INLINE_CODE_19 Mark as explicitly installed

Package Information

Search and Information

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_20 Search for packages
INLINE_CODE_21 Show package information
INLINE_CODE_22 List installed packages
INLINE_CODE_23 Search installed packages
INLINE_CODE_24 Show installed package info
INLINE_CODE_25 List package files
INLINE_CODE_26 Find package owning file

Package Dependencies

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_27 Show dependencies
INLINE_CODE_28 Show detailed package info
INLINE_CODE_29 Show dependency tree
INLINE_CODE_30 Show reverse dependencies

Mantenimiento del sistema

Operaciones de limpieza

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_31 Clean package cache
INLINE_CODE_32 Clean all cache
INLINE_CODE_33 Remove orphaned packages
INLINE_CODE_34 Remove unused dependencies
_
## Database Operations
Command Description
--------- -------------
INLINE_CODE_35 Sync package database
INLINE_CODE_36 Force sync database
INLINE_CODE_37 Upgrade package database
_
## AUR (Arch User Repository)

AUR Helpers

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_38 Install AUR package (yay)
INLINE_CODE_39 Update system including AUR
INLINE_CODE_40 Search AUR packages
INLINE_CODE_41 Install AUR package (paru)

Manual AUR Instalación

# Clone AUR package
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package_name.git
cd package_name

# Review PKGBUILD
cat PKGBUILD

# Build and install
makepkg -si

Archivos de configuración

Configuración Pacman

File Description
INLINE_CODE_42 Main configuration
INLINE_CODE_43 Mirror list
INLINE_CODE_44 Package log
INLINE_CODE_45 Local package database

Ejemplo pacman.conf

[options]
HoldPkg     = pacman glibc
Architecture = auto
Color
CheckSpace
VerbosePkgLists
ParallelDownloads = 5

[core]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[extra]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[community]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Mirror Management

Reflector (Mirror Optimization)

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_46 Update mirrorlist
INLINE_CODE_47 Country-specific mirrors
_
### Manual Mirror Selection 
# Backup current mirrorlist
sudo cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup

# Edit mirrorlist
sudo nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# Test mirrors
sudo pacman -Syy

Package Groups

Operaciones de grupo

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_48 List all groups
INLINE_CODE_49 List packages in group
INLINE_CODE_50 Install package group
INLINE_CODE_51 Install missing group packages
_
### Common Groups
Group Description
------- -------------
INLINE_CODE_52 Base system packages
INLINE_CODE_53 Development tools
INLINE_CODE_54 GNOME desktop environment
INLINE_CODE_55 KDE applications
INLINE_CODE_56 X Window System
_
## Advanced Usage

Verificación del paquete

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_57 Check all packages
INLINE_CODE_58 Thorough check
INLINE_CODE_59 Check specific package
_
### Paquetes de Downgrading
Command Description
--------- -------------
INLINE_CODE_60 Downgrade from cache
INLINE_CODE_61 Downgrade using downgrade tool

Ganchos y scripts

# /etc/pacman.d/hooks/example.hook
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *

[Action]
Description = Running custom script...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/local/bin/custom-script.sh

Troubleshooting

Problemas comunes

Problem Solution
Conflicting files INLINE_CODE_62
Corrupted package INLINE_CODE_63
Key issues INLINE_CODE_64
Database lock INLINE_CODE_65

Problemas de paquete

Command Description
INLINE_CODE_66 Remove without checking deps
INLINE_CODE_67 Force installation
INLINE_CODE_68 Ignore package during upgrade
_
### Key Management
Command Description
--------- -------------
INLINE_CODE_69 Initialize keyring
INLINE_CODE_70 Populate Arch keys
INLINE_CODE_71 Refresh all keys
INLINE_CODE_72 Receive specific key
_
## Performance Optimization

Parallel Downloads

# /etc/pacman.conf
[options]
ParallelDownloads = 5

Fastest Mirrors

# Install reflector
sudo pacman -S reflector

# Auto-update mirrors weekly
sudo systemctl enable reflector.timer

Optimización de SSD 

# /etc/pacman.conf
[options]
NoExtract = usr/share/doc/*
NoExtract = usr/share/man/*
NoExtract = usr/share/info/*

Backup and Recovery

Package List Backup

# Create package list
pacman -Qqe > pkglist.txt

# Restore packages
sudo pacman -S --needed - < pkglist.txt

System Snapshot

# Create system backup
sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude=\\\\{"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"\\\\} /backup/

# Package cache backup
sudo cp -r /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ /backup/pacman-cache/

Buenas prácticas

Security

  1. ** Actualizaciones periódicas**: Mantener el sistema actualizado con sudo pacman -Syu
  2. Verificación clave: Mantener las claves de firma de paquetes actualizadas
  3. AUR Precaution: Revisar PKGBUILDs antes de construir paquetes AUR
  4. Instalación mínima: Instalar sólo los paquetes necesarios
  5. Backup: Respaldos regulares del sistema y la lista de paquetes

Performance

  1. ** Optimización del espejo**: Use espejos más rápidos con reflector
  2. ** Descargas paralelas**: Permitir descargas paralelas
  3. ** Gestión del dolor**: Limpieza regular del caché
  4. ** Optimización del SSD**: Excluir archivos innecesarios
  5. ** Optimización de la base de datos**: Mantenga la base de datos del paquete limpio

Maintenance

  1. ** Limpieza del huérfano**: Eliminación regular de paquetes huérfanos
  2. Log Monitoring: Check pacman logs for issues
  3. ** Salud dependencia**: Supervisar las dependencias del paquete
  4. ** Salud del espejo**: Verificar la accesibilidad del espejo
  5. Consistencia del sistema: Verificación periódica del paquete