"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2rem;" ■img src="/logo/packet-tracer-logo.png" alt="Packet Tracer Logo"="max-width: 200px; altura: auto;" / ■/div titulada
Packet Tracer Cheatsheet
"Display": flex; diferencia: 1rem; margen: 2rem 0; flex-wrap: wrap;"
Button
onClick={() = Conf {} const content = document.querySelector('.markdown').inner Texto; navigator.clipboard.writeText(content); alert('Content copied to clipboard!'); } estilo fondoColor: '#10b981', color: 'blanco', frontera: 'ninguno', '0.5rem 1rem', frontera Radius: '0.375rem', cursor: 'punto', fuente Tamaño: '0.875rem', fontWeight: '500 ' }
📋 Copiar para el tablero ■/buttonilo
Button
onClick={() = Conf {} ventana.print(); } estilo fondoColor: '#3b82f6', color: 'blanco', frontera: 'ninguno', '0.5rem 1rem', frontera Radius: '0.375rem', cursor: 'punto', fuente Tamaño: '0.875rem', fontWeight: '500 ' }
🖨 Print/PDF ■/buttonilo ■/div titulada
Sinopsis
Paquete de Cisco Tracer es una poderosa herramienta de simulación de red diseñada para aprender y enseñar conceptos de redes. Proporciona un entorno virtual donde los estudiantes y profesionales pueden diseñar, configurar y solucionar problemas sin necesidad de hardware físico. Packet Tracer es ampliamente utilizado en cursos Cisco Networking Academy y preparación de certificación CCNA.
Instalación y configuración
Instalación de Windows
# Download from Cisco Networking Academy
# Visit: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
# Requires free Cisco Networking Academy account
# System Requirements:
# - Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
# - 4 GB RAM minimum (8 GB recommended)
# - 1.4 GB free disk space
# - DirectX 9.0c compatible graphics
# Installation steps:
# 1. Download PacketTracer_xxx_Windows_64bit.exe
# 2. Run installer as administrator
# 3. Follow installation wizard
# 4. Launch and sign in with Cisco account
# Verify installation
# Start > Cisco Packet Tracer
# Help > About to check version
Instalación de Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)
# Download .deb package from Cisco Networking Academy
# https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
# Install dependencies
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libstdc++6:i386
sudo apt install -y libqt5webkit5 libqt5multimediawidgets5
# Install Packet Tracer
sudo dpkg -i PacketTracer_xxx_amd64.deb
# Fix dependencies if needed
sudo apt-get install -f
# Launch Packet Tracer
packettracer
# Create desktop shortcut
cat > ~/Desktop/PacketTracer.desktop << EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Cisco Packet Tracer
Comment=Network Simulation Tool
Exec=/opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7
Icon=/opt/pt/art/app.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Education;Network;
EOF
chmod +x ~/Desktop/PacketTracer.desktop
macOS Instalación
# Download from Cisco Networking Academy
# https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
# System Requirements:
# - macOS 10.14 or later
# - 4 GB RAM minimum
# - 1.4 GB free disk space
# Installation:
# 1. Download PacketTracer_xxx_mac.dmg
# 2. Open DMG file
# 3. Drag Packet Tracer to Applications folder
# 4. Launch from Applications
# 5. Sign in with Cisco account
# Launch from terminal
open -a "Cisco Packet Tracer"
# Check version
# Packet Tracer > About Packet Tracer
Interface Overview
Principales componentes de la interfaz
# Menu Bar
# File, Edit, Options, View, Tools, Extensions, Help
# Toolbar
# New, Open, Save, Print, Undo, Redo, Copy, Paste, Delete
# Zoom controls, Select, Move, Place Note, Draw shapes
# Device Selection Area
# Network Devices: Routers, Switches, Hubs, Wireless devices
# End Devices: PCs, Servers, Printers, IP phones
# Connections: Cables and wireless connections
# Components: Modules and physical components
# Workspace
# Main area for building network topologies
# Grid-based layout with zoom capabilities
# Multi-tab support for multiple projects
# Simulation Panel
# Realtime/Simulation mode toggle
# Event List for packet simulation
# Play controls for step-by-step simulation
Navegación del espacio de trabajo
# Zoom Controls
# Zoom In: Ctrl + Plus or mouse wheel up
# Zoom Out: Ctrl + Minus or mouse wheel down
# Zoom to Fit: Ctrl + 0
# Actual Size: Ctrl + 1
# Pan and Move
# Pan workspace: Hold middle mouse button and drag
# Move device: Click and drag device
# Select multiple: Ctrl + click or drag selection box
# Grid and Snap
# Toggle grid: View > Grid
# Snap to grid: View > Snap to Grid
# Grid spacing: Options > Preferences > Interface
# Layers and Organization
# Background images: Options > Preferences > Interface
# Device labels: Click device name to edit
# Notes and annotations: Place Note tool
Basic Network Building
Añadiendo dispositivos
# Router Configuration
# 1. Select Routers from device panel
# 2. Choose router model (e.g., 2911, 4331)
# 3. Click to place in workspace
# 4. Double-click to configure
# Common Router Models:
# - 2911: 3 GigabitEthernet interfaces
# - 4331: 3 GigabitEthernet interfaces, modular
# - 1941: 2 GigabitEthernet interfaces
# - ISR4000: High-performance enterprise router
# Switch Configuration
# 1. Select Switches from device panel
# 2. Choose switch model (e.g., 2960, 3650)
# 3. Click to place in workspace
# Common Switch Models:
# - 2960: 24/48 FastEthernet + 2 GigabitEthernet
# - 3650: 24/48 GigabitEthernet, stackable
# - 2950: Legacy 24 FastEthernet ports
# - 3560: Layer 3 switching capabilities
# End Device Configuration
# 1. Select End Devices
# 2. Choose device type (PC, Server, Laptop)
# 3. Place in workspace
# 4. Configure IP settings
Dispositivos de conexión
# Cable Types and Usage
# Straight-through: Switch to router, switch to PC
# Crossover: Switch to switch, router to router, PC to PC
# Console: For device configuration access
# Serial: WAN connections between routers
# Connection Process
# 1. Click Connections in device panel
# 2. Select appropriate cable type
# 3. Click source device and select interface
# 4. Click destination device and select interface
# 5. Connection appears with link lights
# Auto-select Cable Type
# Use "Automatically Choose Connection Type"
# Packet Tracer selects appropriate cable automatically
# Copper Straight-Through is most common choice
# Interface Selection
# FastEthernet: Fa0/0, Fa0/1, etc.
# GigabitEthernet: Gig0/0, Gig0/1, etc.
# Serial: Se0/0/0, Se0/1/0, etc.
# Console: Console port for management
Configuración básica del dispositivo
# PC Configuration
# 1. Double-click PC
# 2. Go to Desktop tab
# 3. Click IP Configuration
# 4. Set Static IP or DHCP
# 5. Configure IP address, subnet mask, default gateway
# Example PC Configuration:
# IP Address: 192.168.1.10
# Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
# Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
# DNS Server: 8.8.8.8
# Router Basic Configuration
# 1. Double-click router
# 2. Go to CLI tab
# 3. Press Enter to start
# 4. Type configuration commands
# Basic Router Setup:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname R1
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# exit
R1# copy running-config startup-config
# Switch Basic Configuration
Switch> enable
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# hostname SW1
SW1(config)# interface vlan1
SW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)# no shutdown
SW1(config-if)# exit
SW1(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
SW1(config)# exit
SW1# copy running-config startup-config
Configuración avanzada
VLAN Configuración
# Create VLANs on Switch
SW1> enable
SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)# name SALES
SW1(config-vlan)# exit
SW1(config)# vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)# name ENGINEERING
SW1(config-vlan)# exit
# Assign Ports to VLANs
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet0/1
SW1(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
SW1(config-if)# exit
SW1(config)# interface range fastethernet0/2-5
SW1(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
SW1(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 20
SW1(config-if-range)# exit
# Configure Trunk Port
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet0/24
SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20
SW1(config-if)# exit
# Verify VLAN Configuration
SW1# show vlan brief
SW1# show interfaces trunk
SW1# show vlan id 10
Inter-VLAN Routing
# Router-on-a-Stick Configuration
# Configure subinterfaces on router
R1> enable
R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
# VLAN 10 subinterface
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0.10
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 10
R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# exit
# VLAN 20 subinterface
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0.20
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20
R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# exit
# Verify configuration
R1# show ip interface brief
R1# show interfaces gigabitethernet0/0.10
OSPF Configuración
# Configure OSPF on Router R1
R1> enable
R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# router ospf 1
R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# exit
# Configure OSPF on Router R2
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# exit
# Verify OSPF
R1# show ip ospf neighbor
R1# show ip ospf database
R1# show ip route ospf
# OSPF Troubleshooting
R1# debug ip ospf hello
R1# debug ip ospf adj
R1# show ip ospf interface
DHCP Configuración
# Configure DHCP Server on Router
R1> enable
R1# configure terminal
# Create DHCP Pool
R1(config)# ip dhcp pool LAN_POOL
R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1
R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
R1(dhcp-config)# lease 7
R1(dhcp-config)# exit
# Exclude static IP addresses
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10
# Enable DHCP service
R1(config)# service dhcp
# Verify DHCP
R1# show ip dhcp binding
R1# show ip dhcp pool
R1# show ip dhcp conflict
# DHCP Relay Configuration
# On router interface connected to DHCP clients
R2(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0
R2(config-if)# ip helper-address 192.168.1.1
Listas de control de acceso (LAC)
# Standard ACL Configuration
R1> enable
R1# configure terminal
# Create standard ACL
R1(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config)# access-list 10 deny any
# Apply ACL to interface
R1(config)# interface serial0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out
R1(config-if)# exit
# Extended ACL Configuration
R1(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80
R1(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443
R1(config)# access-list 100 deny ip any any
# Apply extended ACL
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1
R1(config-if)# ip access-group 100 in
# Named ACL Configuration
R1(config)# ip access-list extended WEB_FILTER
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443
R1(config-ext-nacl)# deny ip any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
# Verify ACLs
R1# show access-lists
R1# show ip interface gigabitethernet0/0
Simulación y Pruebas
Modo de simulación de paquete
# Switch to Simulation Mode
# Click "Simulation" button in bottom right
# Or use Ctrl + Shift + S
# Simulation Controls
# Auto Capture/Play: Automatically capture and play events
# Capture/Forward: Manually step through events
# Back: Go back one event
# Reset Simulation: Clear all events and start over
# Event List Window
# Shows all network events (packets)
# Color-coded by protocol (HTTP, ICMP, etc.)
# Click events to see packet details
# Filter events by protocol type
# Packet Details
# Click on packet in Event List
# Shows OSI layer information
# Inbound/Outbound PDU details
# Protocol-specific information
Testing Network Connectivity
# Ping Test from PC
# 1. Double-click PC
# 2. Go to Desktop tab
# 3. Click Command Prompt
# 4. Type ping commands
# Basic ping test
C:\> ping 192.168.1.1
C:\> ping 192.168.2.10
C:\> ping google.com
# Extended ping options
C:\> ping -t 192.168.1.1 # Continuous ping
C:\> ping -n 10 192.168.1.1 # Send 10 packets
C:\> ping -l 1500 192.168.1.1 # Large packet size
# Traceroute test
C:\> tracert 192.168.2.10
C:\> tracert google.com
# ARP table
C:\> arp -a
# Network configuration
C:\> ipconfig
C:\> ipconfig /all
C:\> ipconfig /release
C:\> ipconfig /renew
Pruebas Web Browser
# HTTP/HTTPS Testing
# 1. Double-click PC
# 2. Go to Desktop tab
# 3. Click Web Browser
# 4. Enter URL in address bar
# Test web server connectivity
# http://192.168.1.100
# https://www.example.com
# DNS Testing
# Configure DNS server on PC
# Test domain name resolution
# Use nslookup command
# Email Testing
# Configure email client
# Set up SMTP/POP3 servers
# Send test emails between clients
Scripts de prueba avanzados
# Automated Testing with Packet Tracer Scripts
# Create .pkt file with embedded scripts
# Example: Connectivity Test Script
# Save as connectivity_test.pkt
# Script commands (in Packet Tracer CLI):
# Test basic connectivity
ping 192.168.1.1
ping 192.168.2.1
ping 8.8.8.8
# Test routing
show ip route
show ip ospf neighbor
# Test VLAN configuration
show vlan brief
show interfaces trunk
# Test DHCP
show ip dhcp binding
show ip dhcp pool
# Performance testing
# Use multiple PCs to generate traffic
# Monitor bandwidth utilization
# Test network convergence time
Red inalámbrica
LAN inalámbrica Configuración
# Add Wireless Router
# 1. Select Wireless Devices from device panel
# 2. Choose Wireless Router (e.g., WRT300N)
# 3. Place in workspace
# 4. Configure wireless settings
# Basic Wireless Configuration
# 1. Double-click wireless router
# 2. Go to GUI tab
# 3. Configure wireless settings:
# - SSID: MyNetwork
# - Security: WPA2-PSK
# - Passphrase: SecurePassword123
# - Channel: Auto or specific channel
# Advanced Wireless Settings
# - Wireless Mode: Mixed, G-Only, N-Only
# - Channel Width: 20MHz, 40MHz
# - Transmission Power: High, Medium, Low
# - MAC Address Filtering: Enable/Disable
Configuración de cliente inalámbrica
# Configure Laptop/PC for Wireless
# 1. Double-click laptop
# 2. Go to Physical tab
# 3. Remove Ethernet module
# 4. Add Wireless module (WMP300N)
# 5. Power on device
# Connect to Wireless Network
# 1. Go to Desktop tab
# 2. Click PC Wireless
# 3. Select "Connect" tab
# 4. Refresh to see available networks
# 5. Select network and enter password
# Wireless Troubleshooting
# - Check signal strength
# - Verify SSID and password
# - Check wireless module installation
# - Verify IP configuration (DHCP/Static)
Configuración de seguridad inalámbrica
# WPA2-PSK Configuration
# Router wireless settings:
# Security Mode: WPA2-PSK
# Encryption: AES
# Passphrase: Minimum 8 characters
# MAC Address Filtering
# 1. Enable MAC Address Filtering
# 2. Add allowed MAC addresses
# 3. Test connectivity with allowed/denied devices
# Guest Network Setup
# 1. Enable Guest Access
# 2. Configure separate SSID
# 3. Set bandwidth limitations
# 4. Configure access restrictions
Servicios de red
Configuración del servidor DNS
# Configure DNS Server
# 1. Add Server from End Devices
# 2. Double-click server
# 3. Go to Services tab
# 4. Click DNS
# Enable DNS Service
# 1. Turn DNS service ON
# 2. Add DNS records:
# - Type: A Record
# - Name: www.example.com
# - Address: 192.168.1.100
# Configure DNS on Clients
# 1. Set DNS server IP on PCs
# 2. Test with nslookup or web browser
# 3. Verify name resolution
# DNS Record Types
# A Record: Domain to IPv4 address
# AAAA Record: Domain to IPv6 address
# CNAME: Canonical name (alias)
# MX: Mail exchange record
# PTR: Reverse DNS lookup
Configuración del servidor web
# Configure HTTP/HTTPS Server
# 1. Add Server from End Devices
# 2. Double-click server
# 3. Go to Services tab
# 4. Click HTTP
# Enable HTTP Service
# 1. Turn HTTP service ON
# 2. Modify index.html content
# 3. Configure HTTPS if needed
# 4. Set authentication if required
# Test Web Server
# 1. Configure client PC with IP
# 2. Open web browser
# 3. Navigate to server IP
# 4. Verify web page loads
# Advanced Web Configuration
# - Virtual hosts
# - SSL certificates
# - Authentication methods
# - Custom error pages
Configuración del servidor de correo electrónico
# Configure Email Server
# 1. Add Server from End Devices
# 2. Go to Services tab
# 3. Configure SMTP and POP3
# SMTP Configuration
# 1. Turn SMTP service ON
# 2. Configure domain name
# 3. Add user accounts
# 4. Set authentication
# POP3 Configuration
# 1. Turn POP3 service ON
# 2. Link to SMTP users
# 3. Configure mailbox settings
# Email Client Setup
# 1. Double-click PC
# 2. Go to Desktop > Email
# 3. Configure email account:
# - Your Name: John Doe
# - Email: john@example.com
# - Incoming Mail Server: 192.168.1.100
# - Outgoing Mail Server: 192.168.1.100
# - Username/Password: As configured
# Test Email
# 1. Compose new email
# 2. Send to another user
# 3. Check received emails
# 4. Verify email delivery
Automatización y scripting
Packet Tracer Scripting
# Create Automation Scripts
# File > Save As > Select "Packet Tracer Activity (.pka)"
# Add instructions and scoring
# Activity Instructions
# 1. Click "Activity Instructions" button
# 2. Add step-by-step instructions
# 3. Include network requirements
# 4. Add assessment criteria
# Auto-Assessment Configuration
# 1. Enable "Assessment Items"
# 2. Configure check conditions:
# - Device configurations
# - Connectivity tests
# - Protocol status
# - Performance metrics
# Example Assessment Items:
# - PC1 can ping PC2
# - OSPF neighbors established
# - VLAN 10 configured on SW1
# - DHCP pool has active leases
Scripts de configuración a granel
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Packet Tracer Configuration Generator
Generates configuration files for multiple devices
"""
class PTConfigGenerator:
def __init__(self):
self.configs = {}
def generate_router_config(self, hostname, interfaces, ospf_process=None):
"""Generate router configuration"""
config = [
"enable",
"configure terminal",
f"hostname {hostname}",
"no ip domain-lookup",
"line console 0",
"logging synchronous",
"exit"
]
# Configure interfaces
for interface, settings in interfaces.items():
config.extend([
f"interface {interface}",
f"ip address {settings['ip']} {settings['mask']}",
"no shutdown",
"exit"
])
# Configure OSPF if specified
if ospf_process:
config.append(f"router ospf {ospf_process['process_id']}")
if 'router_id' in ospf_process:
config.append(f"router-id {ospf_process['router_id']}")
for network in ospf_process['networks']:
config.append(f"network {network['network']} {network['wildcard']} area {network['area']}")
config.append("exit")
# Save configuration
config.extend([
"exit",
"copy running-config startup-config",
"" # Confirm save
])
return config
def generate_switch_config(self, hostname, vlans=None, interfaces=None):
"""Generate switch configuration"""
config = [
"enable",
"configure terminal",
f"hostname {hostname}",
"no ip domain-lookup"
]
# Configure VLANs
if vlans:
for vlan_id, vlan_name in vlans.items():
config.extend([
f"vlan {vlan_id}",
f"name {vlan_name}",
"exit"
])
# Configure interfaces
if interfaces:
for interface, settings in interfaces.items():
config.append(f"interface {interface}")
if settings['mode'] == 'access':
config.extend([
"switchport mode access",
f"switchport access vlan {settings['vlan']}"
])
elif settings['mode'] == 'trunk':
config.extend([
"switchport mode trunk",
f"switchport trunk allowed vlan {settings['allowed_vlans']}"
])
config.append("exit")
# Save configuration
config.extend([
"exit",
"copy running-config startup-config",
""
])
return config
def save_config_file(self, device_name, config_lines, filename=None):
"""Save configuration to file"""
if not filename:
filename = f"{device_name}_config.txt"
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
for line in config_lines:
f.write(line + '\n')
print(f"Configuration saved to {filename}")
def generate_network_configs(self, network_design):
"""Generate configurations for entire network"""
for device_name, device_config in network_design.items():
device_type = device_config['type']
if device_type == 'router':
config = self.generate_router_config(
device_name,
device_config['interfaces'],
device_config.get('ospf')
)
elif device_type == 'switch':
config = self.generate_switch_config(
device_name,
device_config.get('vlans'),
device_config.get('interfaces')
)
self.save_config_file(device_name, config)
# Example network design
network_design = {
"R1": {
"type": "router",
"interfaces": {
"gigabitethernet0/0": {
"ip": "192.168.1.1",
"mask": "255.255.255.0"
},
"serial0/0/0": {
"ip": "10.1.1.1",
"mask": "255.255.255.252"
}
},
"ospf": {
"process_id": 1,
"router_id": "1.1.1.1",
"networks": [
{"network": "192.168.1.0", "wildcard": "0.0.0.255", "area": 0},
{"network": "10.1.1.0", "wildcard": "0.0.0.3", "area": 0}
]
}
},
"SW1": {
"type": "switch",
"vlans": {
"10": "SALES",
"20": "ENGINEERING"
},
"interfaces": {
"fastethernet0/1": {
"mode": "access",
"vlan": "10"
},
"fastethernet0/2": {
"mode": "access",
"vlan": "20"
},
"fastethernet0/24": {
"mode": "trunk",
"allowed_vlans": "10,20"
}
}
}
}
# Usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
generator = PTConfigGenerator()
generator.generate_network_configs(network_design)
print("All device configurations generated successfully!")
Red Validation Script
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Packet Tracer Network Validator
Validates network configurations and connectivity
"""
import json
import subprocess
import time
from datetime import datetime
class PTNetworkValidator:
def __init__(self, validation_rules):
self.rules = validation_rules
self.results = []
def validate_connectivity(self, source_ip, target_ip, test_type='ping'):
"""Validate network connectivity"""
try:
if test_type == 'ping':
# Simulate ping test (in real PT, this would use PT API)
result = {
'test': 'ping',
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': True, # Simulated success
'response_time': '10ms',
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
elif test_type == 'traceroute':
result = {
'test': 'traceroute',
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': True,
'hops': ['192.168.1.1', '10.1.1.2', target_ip],
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
return result
except Exception as e:
return {
'test': test_type,
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': False,
'error': str(e),
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
def validate_routing_table(self, device_ip, expected_routes):
"""Validate routing table entries"""
# In real implementation, this would connect to PT device
# and execute 'show ip route' command
routing_validation = {
'device': device_ip,
'test': 'routing_table',
'expected_routes': expected_routes,
'missing_routes': [],
'extra_routes': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated routing table validation
current_routes = [
'192.168.1.0/24',
'192.168.2.0/24',
'10.1.1.0/30'
]
for route in expected_routes:
if route not in current_routes:
routing_validation['missing_routes'].append(route)
routing_validation['success'] = False
return routing_validation
def validate_vlan_configuration(self, switch_ip, expected_vlans):
"""Validate VLAN configuration"""
vlan_validation = {
'device': switch_ip,
'test': 'vlan_configuration',
'expected_vlans': expected_vlans,
'missing_vlans': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated VLAN validation
current_vlans = ['1', '10', '20']
for vlan in expected_vlans:
if str(vlan) not in current_vlans:
vlan_validation['missing_vlans'].append(vlan)
vlan_validation['success'] = False
return vlan_validation
def validate_ospf_neighbors(self, router_ip, expected_neighbors):
"""Validate OSPF neighbor relationships"""
ospf_validation = {
'device': router_ip,
'test': 'ospf_neighbors',
'expected_neighbors': expected_neighbors,
'missing_neighbors': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated OSPF neighbor validation
current_neighbors = ['2.2.2.2', '3.3.3.3']
for neighbor in expected_neighbors:
if neighbor not in current_neighbors:
ospf_validation['missing_neighbors'].append(neighbor)
ospf_validation['success'] = False
return ospf_validation
def run_validation_suite(self):
"""Run complete validation suite"""
print("Starting network validation...")
for rule in self.rules:
rule_type = rule['type']
if rule_type == 'connectivity':
result = self.validate_connectivity(
rule['source'],
rule['target'],
rule.get('test_type', 'ping')
)
elif rule_type == 'routing':
result = self.validate_routing_table(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_routes']
)
elif rule_type == 'vlan':
result = self.validate_vlan_configuration(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_vlans']
)
elif rule_type == 'ospf':
result = self.validate_ospf_neighbors(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_neighbors']
)
self.results.append(result)
status = "✓ PASS" if result['success'] else "✗ FAIL"
print(f"{rule_type.upper()} validation: {status}")
def generate_validation_report(self, filename='validation_report.json'):
"""Generate validation report"""
total_tests = len(self.results)
passed_tests = sum(1 for r in self.results if r['success'])
failed_tests = total_tests - passed_tests
report = {
'validation_time': datetime.now().isoformat(),
'summary': {
'total_tests': total_tests,
'passed': passed_tests,
'failed': failed_tests,
'success_rate': (passed_tests / total_tests * 100) if total_tests > 0 else 0
},
'test_results': self.results
}
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
print(f"\nValidation Report:")
print(f"Total tests: {total_tests}")
print(f"Passed: {passed_tests}")
print(f"Failed: {failed_tests}")
print(f"Success rate: {report['summary']['success_rate']:.1f}%")
print(f"Report saved to {filename}")
return report
# Example validation rules
validation_rules = [
{
'type': 'connectivity',
'source': '192.168.1.10',
'target': '192.168.2.10',
'test_type': 'ping'
},
{
'type': 'connectivity',
'source': '192.168.1.10',
'target': '8.8.8.8',
'test_type': 'ping'
},
{
'type': 'routing',
'device': '192.168.1.1',
'expected_routes': ['192.168.1.0/24', '192.168.2.0/24', '10.1.1.0/30']
},
{
'type': 'vlan',
'device': '192.168.1.2',
'expected_vlans': [10, 20]
},
{
'type': 'ospf',
'device': '192.168.1.1',
'expected_neighbors': ['2.2.2.2']
}
]
# Usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
validator = PTNetworkValidator(validation_rules)
validator.run_validation_suite()
validator.generate_validation_report()
Solución de problemas y mejores prácticas
Problemas y soluciones comunes
# Issue: Devices won't connect
# Solution: Check cable types and interface status
# 1. Verify correct cable type (straight-through vs crossover)
# 2. Check interface configuration
# 3. Ensure interfaces are not shutdown
# 4. Verify IP addressing
# Issue: No connectivity between VLANs
# Solution: Configure inter-VLAN routing
# 1. Configure router subinterfaces
# 2. Set up trunk links
# 3. Verify VLAN configuration
# 4. Check routing table
# Issue: OSPF neighbors not forming
# Solution: Check OSPF configuration
# 1. Verify network statements
# 2. Check area configuration
# 3. Ensure interfaces are in correct areas
# 4. Verify router IDs are unique
# Issue: DHCP not working
# Solution: Check DHCP configuration
# 1. Verify DHCP pool configuration
# 2. Check excluded addresses
# 3. Ensure DHCP service is enabled
# 4. Configure DHCP relay if needed
# Issue: Simulation mode not working
# Solution: Reset simulation and check filters
# 1. Click "Reset Simulation"
# 2. Check event filters
# 3. Ensure devices are properly configured
# 4. Verify packet generation
Optimización del rendimiento
# Optimize Packet Tracer Performance
# 1. Close unnecessary applications
# 2. Reduce simulation complexity
# 3. Use appropriate device models
# 4. Limit concurrent simulations
# Memory Management
# - Save projects regularly
# - Close unused projects
# - Use "Save As" to create backups
# - Clear simulation events periodically
# Network Design Best Practices
# - Use hierarchical design
# - Implement proper addressing schemes
# - Follow Cisco design guidelines
# - Document network configurations
# Project Organization
# - Use descriptive device names
# - Add network documentation
# - Create logical groupings
# - Use consistent naming conventions
Copia de seguridad y recuperación
# Project Backup Strategy
# 1. Regular saves during development
# 2. Version control with descriptive names
# 3. Export to different formats
# 4. Store backups in multiple locations
# Export Options
# File > Export > Image (PNG/JPEG)
# File > Export > PDF
# File > Save As > Packet Tracer Activity (.pka)
# File > Save As > Packet Tracer Network (.pkt)
# Recovery Procedures
# 1. Keep multiple backup versions
# 2. Test backup files regularly
# 3. Document configuration changes
# 4. Use version control for large projects
Esta hoja de trampa completa Packet Tracer proporciona una amplia cobertura de simulación de red, configuración de dispositivos, conceptos avanzados de redes, automatización y solución de problemas. Los scripts y ejemplos incluidos permiten el diseño profesional de redes, pruebas y actividades educativas utilizando Cisco Packet Tracer.