npm Package Manager¶

Instrucciones y flujos de trabajo para el desarrollo de JavaScript y Node.js.

Instalación > Configuración¶

Install Node.js and npm¶

# Using Node Version Manager (recommended)
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh|bash
nvm install node
nvm use node

# Direct download from nodejs.org
# Or using package managers:
# macOS: brew install node
# Ubuntu: sudo apt install nodejs npm
# Windows: choco install nodejs

Operaciones básicas del paquete¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_8	Install package locally
INLINE_CODE_9	Install package globally
INLINE_CODE_10	Uninstall package
INLINE_CODE_11	Update all packages
INLINE_CODE_12	Update specific package
INLINE_CODE_13	List installed packages
INLINE_CODE_14	List global packages
_
## Project Management

Iniciación del proyecto¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_15	Initialize new project
INLINE_CODE_16	Initialize with defaults
INLINE_CODE_17	Initialize with scoped template
INLINE_CODE_18	Create project with template

Administración de dependencia¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_19	Install all dependencies
INLINE_CODE_20	Install and save to dependencies
INLINE_CODE_21	Install and save to devDependencies
INLINE_CODE_22	Install as optional dependency
INLINE_CODE_23	Install without saving

Información del paquete¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_24	Search for packages
INLINE_CODE_25	Show package information
INLINE_CODE_26	View package details
INLINE_CODE_27	Show outdated packages
INLINE_CODE_28	Check for vulnerabilities
INLINE_CODE_29	Fix vulnerabilities
_
## Scripts and Execution

Script Management¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_30	Run custom script
INLINE_CODE_31	Run start script
INLINE_CODE_32	Run test script
INLINE_CODE_33	Run build script
INLINE_CODE_34	Run development script
_
### Ejemplo paquete.json Scripts
`\\\\{ "scripts": \\\\{ "start": "node server.js", "dev": "nodemon server.js", "build": "webpack --mode production", "test": "jest", "lint": "eslint src/", "format": "prettier --write src/" \\\\} \\\\}`

Version Management¶

Versión semántica¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_35	Increment patch version
INLINE_CODE_36	Increment minor version
INLINE_CODE_37	Increment major version
INLINE_CODE_38	Create prerelease version
_
### Package Instalación por versión
Command	Description
---------	-------------
INLINE_CODE_39	Install specific version
INLINE_CODE_40	Install latest version
INLINE_CODE_41	Install next/beta version
INLINE_CODE_42	Install compatible version
_
## Configuración

npm Configuration¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_43	Show configuration
INLINE_CODE_44	Get configuration value
INLINE_CODE_45	Set configuration value
INLINE_CODE_46	Delete configuration
_
### Configuración común
Setting	Description
---------	-------------
INLINE_CODE_47	Set registry
INLINE_CODE_48	Set default author
INLINE_CODE_49	Set default license
INLINE_CODE_50	Save exact versions

.npmrc File¶

# Project .npmrc
registry=https://registry.npmjs.org/
save-exact=true
engine-strict=true
fund=false
audit-level=moderate

# Global .npmrc (~/.npmrc)
init-author-name=Your Name
init-author-email=your.email@example.com
init-license=MIT

Publishing¶

Paquete Publishing¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_51	Login to npm registry
INLINE_CODE_52	Check logged in user
INLINE_CODE_53	Publish package
INLINE_CODE_54	Publish scoped package publicly
INLINE_CODE_55	Unpublish specific version
_
### Publishing Workflow
`# 1. Update version npm version patch # 2. Build package npm run build # 3. Test package npm test # 4. Publish npm publish # 5. Tag release git tag v1.0.0 git push origin v1.0.0`

Advanced Usage¶

Espacios de trabajo (npm 7+)¶

\\\\{
  "name": "my-monorepo",
  "workspaces": [
    "packages/*",
    "apps/*"
  ]
\\\\}

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_56	Install all workspace dependencies
INLINE_CODE_57	Run tests in all workspaces
INLINE_CODE_58	Run command in specific workspace

Package Linking¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_59	Create global link
INLINE_CODE_60	Link to global package
INLINE_CODE_61	Unlink package

Cache Management¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_62	Verify cache integrity
INLINE_CODE_63	Clear cache
INLINE_CODE_64	List cached packages

Seguridad

Security Auditing¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_65	Check for vulnerabilities
INLINE_CODE_66	Check high severity only
INLINE_CODE_67	Fix vulnerabilities automatically
INLINE_CODE_68	Force fix (may break changes)

Package Verification¶

Command	Description
INLINE_CODE_69	Create tarball
INLINE_CODE_70	Show what would be packed
INLINE_CODE_71	Install from tarball
_
## Performance Optimization

Faster Instalación¶

# Use npm ci for CI/CD
npm ci

# Parallel installation
npm install --prefer-offline

# Skip optional dependencies
npm install --no-optional

# Production only
npm install --production

Administradores de paquetes alternativos¶

Manager	Installation	Benefits
Yarn	INLINE_CODE_72	Faster, deterministic
pnpm	INLINE_CODE_73	Disk space efficient
Bun	INLINE_CODE_74	Extremely fast

Troubleshooting¶

Problemas comunes¶

Problem	Solution
Permission errors	Use nvm or fix permissions
Package conflicts	Delete node_modules and reinstall
Outdated npm	INLINE_CODE_75
Registry issues	INLINE_CODE_76
_
## Debugging
Command	Description
---------	-------------
INLINE_CODE_77	Check npm environment
INLINE_CODE_78	Check dependency tree
INLINE_CODE_79	Show top-level dependencies
INLINE_CODE_80	Show why package is installed

Reset and Clean Install¶

# Clean install
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
npm install

# Clear npm cache
npm cache clean --force

# Reset npm configuration
npm config edit

Buenas prácticas¶

Package.json Gestión¶

\\\\{
  "name": "my-project",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Project description",
  "main": "index.js",
  "engines": \\\\{
    "node": ">=16.0.0",
    "npm": ">=8.0.0"
  \\\\},
  "dependencies": \\\\{
    "express": "^4.18.0"
  \\\\},
  "devDependencies": \\\\{
    "jest": "^29.0.0",
    "eslint": "^8.0.0"
  \\\\},
  "peerDependencies": \\\\{
    "react": ">=16.0.0"
  \\\\}
\\\\}

Development Workflow¶

Version Pinning: Usar versiones exactas para dependencias críticas
Lock Files: Commit package-lock.json to version control
Seguridad: Auditorías periódicas de seguridad con npm audit
Testing: Test before publishing with npm pack
Documentación: Mantener una README integral

Performance¶

CI/CD: Uso npm ci en integración continua
Caching: Leverage npm cache in CI environments
Instalación selectiva: Uso --production para construcciones de producción
** Gestores alternativos**: Considerar hilo o pnpm para grandes proyectos
Registry: Use registro privado para paquetes internos