Nagios

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Nagios completos comandos y flujos de trabajo para la administración del sistema en todas las plataformas.

Comandos básicos

Command	Description
nagios --version	Show nagios version
nagios --help	Display help information
nagios init	Initialize nagios in current directory
nagios status	Check current status
nagios list	List available options
nagios info	Display system information
nagios config	Show configuration settings
nagios update	Update to latest version
nagios start	Start nagios service
nagios stop	Stop nagios service
nagios restart	Restart nagios service
nagios reload	Reload configuration

Instalación

Linux/Ubuntu

# Package manager installation
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nagios

# Alternative installation
wget https://github.com/example/nagios/releases/latest/download/nagios-linux
chmod +x nagios-linux
sudo mv nagios-linux /usr/local/bin/nagios

# Build from source
git clone https://github.com/example/nagios.git
cd nagios
make && sudo make install

macOS

# Homebrew installation
brew install nagios

# MacPorts installation
sudo port install nagios

# Manual installation
curl -L -o nagios https://github.com/example/nagios/releases/latest/download/nagios-macos
chmod +x nagios
sudo mv nagios /usr/local/bin/

Windows

# Chocolatey installation
choco install nagios

# Scoop installation
scoop install nagios

# Winget installation
winget install nagios

# Manual installation
# Download from https://github.com/example/nagios/releases
# Extract and add to PATH

Configuración

Command	Description
nagios config show	Display current configuration
nagios config list	List all configuration options
nagios config set <key> <value>	Set configuration value
nagios config get <key>	Get configuration value
nagios config unset <key>	Remove configuration value
nagios config reset	Reset to default configuration
nagios config validate	Validate configuration file
nagios config export	Export configuration to file

Operaciones avanzadas

Operaciones de archivo

# Create new file/resource
nagios create <name>

# Read file/resource
nagios read <name>

# Update existing file/resource
nagios update <name>

# Delete file/resource
nagios delete <name>

# Copy file/resource
nagios copy <source> <destination>

# Move file/resource
nagios move <source> <destination>

# List all files/resources
nagios list --all

# Search for files/resources
nagios search <pattern>

Operaciones de red

# Connect to remote host
nagios connect <host>:<port>

# Listen on specific port
nagios listen --port <port>

# Send data to target
nagios send --target <host> --data "<data>"

# Receive data from source
nagios receive --source <host>

# Test connectivity
nagios ping <host>

# Scan network range
nagios scan <network>

# Monitor network traffic
nagios monitor --interface <interface>

# Proxy connections
nagios proxy --listen <port> --target <host>:<port>

Gestión de procesos

# Start background process
nagios start --daemon

# Stop running process
nagios stop --force

# Restart with new configuration
nagios restart --config <file>

# Check process status
nagios status --verbose

# Monitor process performance
nagios monitor --metrics

# Kill all processes
nagios killall

# Show running processes
nagios ps

# Manage process priority
nagios priority --pid <pid> --level <level>

Características de seguridad

Autenticación

# Login with username/password
nagios login --user <username>

# Login with API key
nagios login --api-key <key>

# Login with certificate
nagios login --cert <cert_file>

# Logout current session
nagios logout

# Change password
nagios passwd

# Generate new API key
nagios generate-key --name <key_name>

# List active sessions
nagios sessions

# Revoke session
nagios revoke --session <session_id>

Encryption

# Encrypt file
nagios encrypt --input <file> --output <encrypted_file>

# Decrypt file
nagios decrypt --input <encrypted_file> --output <file>

# Generate encryption key
nagios keygen --type <type> --size <size>

# Sign file
nagios sign --input <file> --key <private_key>

# Verify signature
nagios verify --input <file> --signature <sig_file>

# Hash file
nagios hash --algorithm <algo> --input <file>

# Generate certificate
nagios cert generate --name <name> --days <days>

# Verify certificate
nagios cert verify --cert <cert_file>

Vigilancia y registro

Supervisión del sistema

# Monitor system resources
nagios monitor --system

# Monitor specific process
nagios monitor --pid <pid>

# Monitor network activity
nagios monitor --network

# Monitor file changes
nagios monitor --files <directory>

# Real-time monitoring
nagios monitor --real-time --interval 1

# Generate monitoring report
nagios report --type monitoring --output <file>

# Set monitoring alerts
nagios alert --threshold <value> --action <action>

# View monitoring history
nagios history --type monitoring

Registro

# View logs
nagios logs

# View logs with filter
nagios logs --filter <pattern>

# Follow logs in real-time
nagios logs --follow

# Set log level
nagios logs --level <level>

# Rotate logs
nagios logs --rotate

# Export logs
nagios logs --export <file>

# Clear logs
nagios logs --clear

# Archive logs
nagios logs --archive <archive_file>

Solución de problemas

Cuestiones comunes

Issue: Command not found

# Check if nagios is installed
which nagios
nagios --version

# Check PATH variable
echo $PATH

# Reinstall if necessary
sudo apt reinstall nagios
# or
brew reinstall nagios

Issue: Permission denied

# Run with elevated privileges
sudo nagios <command>

# Check file permissions
ls -la $(which nagios)

# Fix permissions
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/nagios

# Check ownership
sudo chown $USER:$USER /usr/local/bin/nagios

Issue: Errores de configuración

# Validate configuration
nagios config validate

# Reset to default configuration
nagios config reset

# Check configuration file location
nagios config show --file

# Backup current configuration
nagios config export > backup.conf

# Restore from backup
nagios config import backup.conf

*Isue: Service not starting *

# Check service status
nagios status --detailed

# Check system logs
journalctl -u nagios

# Start in debug mode
nagios start --debug

# Check port availability
netstat -tulpn|grep <port>

# Kill conflicting processes
nagios killall --force

Debug Commands

Command	Description
nagios --debug	Enable debug output
nagios --verbose	Enable verbose logging
nagios --trace	Enable trace logging
nagios test	Run built-in tests
nagios doctor	Run system health check
nagios diagnose	Generate diagnostic report
nagios benchmark	Run performance benchmarks
nagios validate	Validate installation and configuration

Optimización del rendimiento

Gestión de los recursos

# Set memory limit
nagios --max-memory 1G <command>

# Set CPU limit
nagios --max-cpu 2 <command>

# Enable caching
nagios --cache-enabled <command>

# Set cache size
nagios --cache-size 100M <command>

# Clear cache
nagios cache clear

# Show cache statistics
nagios cache stats

# Optimize performance
nagios optimize --profile <profile>

# Show performance metrics
nagios metrics

Parallel Processing

# Enable parallel processing
nagios --parallel <command>

# Set number of workers
nagios --workers 4 <command>

# Process in batches
nagios --batch-size 100 <command>

# Queue management
nagios queue add <item>
nagios queue process
nagios queue status
nagios queue clear

Integración

Scripting

#!/bin/bash
# Example script using nagios

set -euo pipefail

# Configuration
CONFIG_FILE="config.yaml"
LOG_FILE="nagios.log"

# Check if nagios is available
if ! command -v nagios &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: nagios is not installed" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Function to log messages
log() \\\\{
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1"|tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
\\\\}

# Main operation
main() \\\\{
    log "Starting nagios operation"

    if nagios --config "$CONFIG_FILE" run; then
        log "Operation completed successfully"
        exit 0
    else
        log "Operation failed with exit code $?"
        exit 1
    fi
\\\\}

# Cleanup function
cleanup() \\\\{
    log "Cleaning up"
    nagios cleanup
\\\\}

# Set trap for cleanup
trap cleanup EXIT

# Run main function
main "$@"

API Integration

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Python wrapper for the tool
"""

import subprocess
import json
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional

class ToolWrapper:
    def __init__(self, config_file: Optional[str] = None):
        self.config_file = config_file
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def run_command(self, args: List[str]) -> Dict:
        """Run command and return parsed output"""
        cmd = ['tool_name']

        if self.config_file:
            cmd.extend(['--config', self.config_file])

        cmd.extend(args)

        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                cmd,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                check=True
            )
            return \\\\{'stdout': result.stdout, 'stderr': result.stderr\\\\}
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Command failed: \\\\{e\\\\}")
            raise

    def status(self) -> Dict:
        """Get current status"""
        return self.run_command(['status'])

    def start(self) -> Dict:
        """Start service"""
        return self.run_command(['start'])

    def stop(self) -> Dict:
        """Stop service"""
        return self.run_command(['stop'])

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    wrapper = ToolWrapper()
    status = wrapper.status()
    print(json.dumps(status, indent=2))

Medio ambiente

Variable	Description	Default
NAGIOS_CONFIG	Configuration file path	~/.nagios/config.yaml
NAGIOS_HOME	Home directory	~/.nagios
NAGIOS_LOG_LEVEL	Logging level	INFO
NAGIOS_LOG_FILE	Log file path	~/.nagios/logs/nagios.log
NAGIOS_CACHE_DIR	Cache directory	~/.nagios/cache
NAGIOS_DATA_DIR	Data directory	~/.nagios/data
NAGIOS_TIMEOUT	Default timeout	30s
NAGIOS_MAX_WORKERS	Maximum workers	4

Archivo de configuración

# ~/.nagios/config.yaml
version: "1.0"

# General settings
settings:
  debug: false
  verbose: false
  log_level: "INFO"
  log_file: "~/.nagios/logs/nagios.log"
  timeout: 30
  max_workers: 4

# Network configuration
network:
  host: "localhost"
  port: 8080
  ssl: true
  timeout: 30
  retries: 3

# Security settings
security:
  auth_required: true
  api_key: ""
  encryption: "AES256"
  verify_ssl: true

# Performance settings
performance:
  cache_enabled: true
  cache_size: "100M"
  cache_dir: "~/.nagios/cache"
  max_memory: "1G"

# Monitoring settings
monitoring:
  enabled: true
  interval: 60
  metrics_enabled: true
  alerts_enabled: true

Ejemplos

Corrientes básicas de trabajo

# 1. Initialize nagios
nagios init

# 2. Configure basic settings
nagios config set host example.com
nagios config set port 8080

# 3. Start service
nagios start

# 4. Check status
nagios status

# 5. Perform operations
nagios run --target example.com

# 6. View results
nagios results

# 7. Stop service
nagios stop

Avanzado flujo de trabajo

# Comprehensive operation with monitoring
nagios run \
  --config production.yaml \
  --parallel \
  --workers 8 \
  --verbose \
  --timeout 300 \
  --output json \
  --log-file operation.log

# Monitor in real-time
nagios monitor --real-time --interval 5

# Generate report
nagios report --type comprehensive --output report.html

Ejemplo de automatización

#!/bin/bash
# Automated nagios workflow

# Configuration
TARGETS_FILE="targets.txt"
RESULTS_DIR="results/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"
CONFIG_FILE="automation.yaml"

# Create results directory
mkdir -p "$RESULTS_DIR"

# Process each target
while IFS= read -r target; do
    echo "Processing $target..."

    nagios \
        --config "$CONFIG_FILE" \
        --output json \
        --output-file "$RESULTS_DIR/$\\\\{target\\\\}.json" \
        run "$target"

done < "$TARGETS_FILE"

# Generate summary report
nagios report summary \
    --input "$RESULTS_DIR/*.json" \
    --output "$RESULTS_DIR/summary.html"

Buenas prácticas

Seguridad

• Verifique siempre las sumas de comprobación al descargar los binarios
• Use métodos de autenticación fuertes ( claves de API, certificados)
• Actualización regular a la última versión
• Seguir el principio de mínimo privilegio
• Activación de registros de auditoría para el cumplimiento
• Utilice conexiones encriptadas cuando sea posible
• Validar todas las entradas y configuraciones
• Implementar controles adecuados de acceso

Ejecución

• Use límites de recursos adecuados para su entorno
• Supervisar el rendimiento del sistema regularmente
• Optimize configuración para su caso de uso
• Use procesamiento paralelo cuando sea beneficioso
• Implementar estrategias de caché adecuadas
• Mantenimiento y limpieza regulares
• Botellas de rendimiento del perfil
• Utilice algoritmos y estructuras de datos eficientes

Operaciones

• Mantener documentación completa
• Implementar estrategias de respaldo adecuadas
• Utilice el control de versiones para configuraciones
• Monitor y alerta sobre métricas críticas
• Implementar un correcto manejo de errores
• Utiliza la automatización para tareas repetitivas
• Auditorías y actualizaciones periódicas de seguridad
• Plan de recuperación en casos de desastre

Desarrollo

• Seguir las normas y convenciones de codificación
• Escribir pruebas completas
• Utilización de la integración y el despliegue continuos
• Implementar registros y monitoreo adecuados
• Document APIs and interfaces
• Usar el control de la versión con eficacia
• Código de revisión regularmente
• Mantener la compatibilidad atrasada

Recursos

Documentación oficial

• Sitio web oficial
• Documentación
• API Referencia
• Guía de integración
• Referencia de configuración

Recursos comunitarios

• Repositorio GitHub
• Ssue Tracker
• Foro comunitario
• Discord Server
• Reddit Community
• Stack Overflow

Recursos didácticos

• Obtener la guía inicial
• Sección Tutorial
• Best Practices Guide
• Tutorial de video
• Training Courses
• Programa de certificación

Herramientas relacionadas

• Git - Función complementaria
• Docker - Solución alternativa
• Kubernetes - Socio de integración

-...

Última actualización: 2025-07-06 sometidaeditar en GitHub