Host - Herramienta de búsqueda DNS simple
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'<button @click="copyAllCommands" class="copy-all-btn">____
📋 Copiar todos los comandos
■/buttonilo
'<button @click="generatePDF" class="pdf-btn">
📄 Generar PDF
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"Notificación" clase="notificación" ¡Todos los comandos copiados al portapapeles! ■/div titulada ■/div titulada
Sinopsis
host es una simple utilidad de búsqueda DNS que proporciona una salida limpia y fácil de leer para las consultas DNS. Está diseñado para ser más fácil de usar que cavar y más sencillo que nslookup, lo que lo hace ideal para buscar DNS rápido y tareas básicas de solución de problemas.
Sintaxis básica
host [options] hostname [server]
host [options] IP_address [server]
Comandos esenciales
Basic DNS Lookups
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# Look up A and AAAA records (IPv4 and IPv6)
host google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Reverse DNS lookup (IP to domain)
host 8.8.8.8
'<button @click='copyCommand("host 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
# IPv6 reverse lookup
host 2001:4860:4860::8888
'<button @click='copyCommand("host 2001:4860:4860::8888")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
# Using specific DNS server
host google.com 8.8.8.8
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
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Tipo de registro Consultas
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# A record (IPv4 address)
host -t A google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t A google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy
# AAAA record (IPv6 address)
host -t AAAA google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t AAAA google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# MX record (Mail Exchange)
host -t MX google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# NS record (Name Server)
host -t NS google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t NS google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# TXT record (Text records)
host -t TXT google.com
'<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
# CNAME record (Canonical Name)
host -t CNAME www.google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t CNAME www.google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# SOA record (Start of Authority)
host -t SOA google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t SOA google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# PTR record (Pointer for reverse lookup)
host -t PTR 8.8.8.8
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t PTR 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# SRV record (Service record)
host -t SRV _sip._tcp.example.com
'__CODE_BLOCK_62_'Copy:
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Opciones avanzadas
Verbose y Debug Output
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# Verbose output (equivalent to -a)
host -v google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -v google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# All records (ANY query type)
host -a google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -a google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Debug output
host -d google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -d google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
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Opciones de tiempo y conexión
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# Set timeout (5 seconds)
host -W 5 google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -W 5 google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Wait indefinitely for reply
host -w google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -w google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Use TCP instead of UDP
host -T google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -T google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy
# Set number of UDP retries
host -R 3 google.com
'<button @click='copyCommand("host -R 3 google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
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Opciones de comportamiento de consulta
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# Non-recursive query
host -r google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -r google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Specify query class (default: IN)
host -c IN google.com
'<button @click='copyCommand("host -c IN google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
# Show SOA records from all authoritative servers
host -C example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -C example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Zone transfer (list mode)
host -l example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -l example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
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Popular DNS Servidores
Usando diferentes proveedores de DNS
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# Google DNS
host google.com 8.8.8.8
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Cloudflare DNS
host google.com 1.1.1.1
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 1.1.1.1")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# OpenDNS
host google.com 208.67.222.222
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 208.67.222.222")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Quad9 DNS
host google.com 9.9.9.9
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 9.9.9.9")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
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Casos de uso común
Solución de problemas del servidor electrónico
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# Check MX records for email routing
host -t MX example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Verify mail server IP
host mail.example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host mail.example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Check multiple mail servers
host -t MX gmail.com yahoo.com outlook.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX gmail.com yahoo.com outlook.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
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Verificación de dominio
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# Check TXT records for domain verification
host -t TXT example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Verify SPF records
host -t TXT example.com|grep "v=spf1"
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT example.com|grep \"v=spf1\"")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Check DKIM records
host -t TXT default._domainkey.example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT default._domainkey.example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
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Diagnósticos de red
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# Check authoritative name servers
host -t NS example.com
'__CODE_BLOCK_84_'Copy:
# Verify domain authority information
host -t SOA example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t SOA example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy
# Check CNAME aliases
host -t CNAME www.example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t CNAME www.example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Comprehensive domain analysis
host -a example.com
'<button @click='copyCommand("host -a example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
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Consultas DNS inversas
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# Check hostname for IP
host 192.168.1.1
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 192.168.1.1")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
# Verify server identity
host 208.67.222.222
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 208.67.222.222")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# IPv6 reverse lookup
host 2001:4860:4860::8844
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 2001:4860:4860::8844")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:
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Comandos de solución de problemas
Debug and Verbose Queries
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# Debug mode with specific record type
host -d -t A google.com
```_
'`<button @click='copyCommand("host -d -t A google.com")' class="copy-btn">`Copy:
```bash
# Verbose TCP query
host -v -T google.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -v -T google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
# Non-recursive NS query
host -r -t NS google.com
'<button @click='copyCommand("host -r -t NS google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:
# Extended timeout with MX query
host -W 10 -t MX example.com
'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -W 10 -t MX example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar
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Referencia de Opciones de comando
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
-a |
Equivalent to -v and -t ANY |
-C |
Show SOA records from all authoritative servers |
-c class |
Specify query class (default: IN) |
-d |
Enable debug output |
-l |
List mode (zone transfer) |
-n |
Use IP6.INT domain for IPv6 reverse lookups |
-N ndots |
Set number of dots for absolute names |
-r |
Make non-recursive queries |
-R retries |
Set number of UDP retries |
-t type |
Specify query type (A, AAAA, MX, NS, etc.) |
-T |
Use TCP connection |
-v |
Verbose output |
-W seconds |
Set timeout in seconds |
-w |
Wait indefinitely for reply |
Tipos de registro
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| A | IPv4 address | host -t A google.com |
| AAAA | IPv6 address | host -t AAAA google.com |
| CNAME | Canonical name | host -t CNAME www.google.com |
| MX | Mail exchange | host -t MX google.com |
| NS | Name server | host -t NS google.com |
| PTR | Pointer (reverse) | host -t PTR 8.8.8.8 |
| SOA | Start of authority | host -t SOA google.com |
| SRV | Service record | host -t SRV _sip._tcp.example.com |
| TXT | Text record | host -t TXT google.com |
| ANY | All records | host -a google.com |
Instalación
Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)
sudo apt-get install dnsutils
Linux (CentOS/RHEL/Fedora)
```bash sudo yum install bind-utils
or
sudo dnf install bind-utils ```_
macOS
host viene pre-instalado con macOS.
Windows
Utilice Windows Subsystem para Linux (WSL) o instalar a través de gestores de paquetes como Chocolatey.
Consejos y mejores prácticas
- ** Salida limpia**: host proporciona una salida más limpia y legible que cava
- Exámenes rápidos: Ideal para consultas DNS simples y solución de problemas básicos
- Preguntas frecuentes: Puede consultar varios dominios en un solo comando
- Reverse lookups: Detecta automáticamente direcciones IP y realiza búsquedas inversas
- ** Ajustes de tiempo**: Uso
-W_ opción para redes lentas o poco fiables - Las consultas del PCT: Uso
-T_ para grandes respuestas o cuando se bloquea UDP - Combina con otras herramientas: Uso junto con excavación y nslookup para un análisis integral
Mensajes comunes de error
| Error | Meaning |
|---|---|
Host not found |
Domain doesn't exist (NXDOMAIN) |
No address associated with hostname |
No A/AAAA records found |
Connection timed out |
DNS server unreachable |
Server failure |
DNS server error (SERVFAIL) |
Query refused |
DNS server refused the query |
Comandos relacionados
dig- Herramienta de búsqueda DNS más detallada con opciones extensasnslookup_ - Utilidad de búsqueda interactiva de DNSping- Test network connectivity and resolve hostnamestraceroute_ - Trace network path to destinationwhois- Información sobre registro y propiedad de dominio