Host - Herramienta de búsqueda DNS simple¶

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"Clase de adivinanza" '<button @click="copyAllCommands" class="copy-all-btn">____ 📋 Copiar todos los comandos ■/buttonilo '<button @click="generatePDF" class="pdf-btn"> 📄 Generar PDF ■/buttonilo ■/div titulada

"Notificación" clase="notificación" ¡Todos los comandos copiados al portapapeles! ■/div titulada ■/div titulada

Sinopsis¶

host es una simple utilidad de búsqueda DNS que proporciona una salida limpia y fácil de leer para las consultas DNS. Está diseñado para ser más fácil de usar que cavar y más sencillo que nslookup, lo que lo hace ideal para buscar DNS rápido y tareas básicas de solución de problemas.

Sintaxis básica¶

host [options] hostname [server]
host [options] IP_address [server]

Comandos esenciales¶

Basic DNS Lookups¶

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# Look up A and AAAA records (IPv4 and IPv6)
host google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Reverse DNS lookup (IP to domain)
host 8.8.8.8

'<button @click='copyCommand("host 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

# IPv6 reverse lookup
host 2001:4860:4860::8888

'<button @click='copyCommand("host 2001:4860:4860::8888")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

# Using specific DNS server
host google.com 8.8.8.8

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

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Tipo de registro Consultas¶

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# A record (IPv4 address)
host -t A google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t A google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy

# AAAA record (IPv6 address)
host -t AAAA google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t AAAA google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# MX record (Mail Exchange)
host -t MX google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# NS record (Name Server)
host -t NS google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t NS google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# TXT record (Text records)
host -t TXT google.com

'<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

# CNAME record (Canonical Name)
host -t CNAME www.google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t CNAME www.google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# SOA record (Start of Authority)
host -t SOA google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t SOA google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# PTR record (Pointer for reverse lookup)
host -t PTR 8.8.8.8

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t PTR 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# SRV record (Service record)
host -t SRV _sip._tcp.example.com

'__CODE_BLOCK_62_'Copy:

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Opciones avanzadas¶

Verbose y Debug Output¶

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# Verbose output (equivalent to -a)
host -v google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -v google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# All records (ANY query type)
host -a google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -a google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Debug output
host -d google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -d google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

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Opciones de tiempo y conexión¶

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# Set timeout (5 seconds)
host -W 5 google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -W 5 google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Wait indefinitely for reply
host -w google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -w google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Use TCP instead of UDP
host -T google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -T google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy

# Set number of UDP retries
host -R 3 google.com

'<button @click='copyCommand("host -R 3 google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

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Opciones de comportamiento de consulta¶

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# Non-recursive query
host -r google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -r google.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Specify query class (default: IN)
host -c IN google.com

'<button @click='copyCommand("host -c IN google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

# Show SOA records from all authoritative servers
host -C example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -C example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Zone transfer (list mode)
host -l example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -l example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

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Popular DNS Servidores¶

Usando diferentes proveedores de DNS¶

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# Google DNS
host google.com 8.8.8.8

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 8.8.8.8")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Cloudflare DNS
host google.com 1.1.1.1

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 1.1.1.1")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# OpenDNS
host google.com 208.67.222.222

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 208.67.222.222")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Quad9 DNS
host google.com 9.9.9.9

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host google.com 9.9.9.9")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

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Casos de uso común¶

Solución de problemas del servidor electrónico¶

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# Check MX records for email routing
host -t MX example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Verify mail server IP
host mail.example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host mail.example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Check multiple mail servers
host -t MX gmail.com yahoo.com outlook.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t MX gmail.com yahoo.com outlook.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

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Verificación de dominio¶

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# Check TXT records for domain verification
host -t TXT example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Verify SPF records
host -t TXT example.com|grep "v=spf1"

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT example.com|grep \"v=spf1\"")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Check DKIM records
host -t TXT default._domainkey.example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t TXT default._domainkey.example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

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Diagnósticos de red¶

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# Check authoritative name servers
host -t NS example.com

'__CODE_BLOCK_84_'Copy:

# Verify domain authority information
host -t SOA example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t SOA example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy

# Check CNAME aliases
host -t CNAME www.example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -t CNAME www.example.com")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Comprehensive domain analysis
host -a example.com

'<button @click='copyCommand("host -a example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

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Consultas DNS inversas¶

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# Check hostname for IP
host 192.168.1.1

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 192.168.1.1")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

# Verify server identity
host 208.67.222.222

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 208.67.222.222")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# IPv6 reverse lookup
host 2001:4860:4860::8844

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host 2001:4860:4860::8844")' class="copy-btn">'Copy:

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Comandos de solución de problemas¶

Debug and Verbose Queries¶

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# Debug mode with specific record type
host -d -t A google.com
```_
'`<button @click='copyCommand("host -d -t A google.com")' class="copy-btn">`Copy:

```bash
# Verbose TCP query
host -v -T google.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -v -T google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

# Non-recursive NS query
host -r -t NS google.com

'<button @click='copyCommand("host -r -t NS google.com")' class="copy-btn">Copy:

# Extended timeout with MX query
host -W 10 -t MX example.com

'_<button @click='copyCommand("host -W 10 -t MX example.com")' class="copy-btn">Copiar

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Referencia de Opciones de comando¶

Option	Description
`-a`	Equivalent to `-v` and `-t ANY`
`-C`	Show SOA records from all authoritative servers
`-c class`	Specify query class (default: IN)
`-d`	Enable debug output
`-l`	List mode (zone transfer)
`-n`	Use IP6.INT domain for IPv6 reverse lookups
`-N ndots`	Set number of dots for absolute names
`-r`	Make non-recursive queries
`-R retries`	Set number of UDP retries
`-t type`	Specify query type (A, AAAA, MX, NS, etc.)
`-T`	Use TCP connection
`-v`	Verbose output
`-W seconds`	Set timeout in seconds
`-w`	Wait indefinitely for reply

Tipos de registro¶

Type	Description	Example
A	IPv4 address	`host -t A google.com`
AAAA	IPv6 address	`host -t AAAA google.com`
CNAME	Canonical name	`host -t CNAME www.google.com`
MX	Mail exchange	`host -t MX google.com`
NS	Name server	`host -t NS google.com`
PTR	Pointer (reverse)	`host -t PTR 8.8.8.8`
SOA	Start of authority	`host -t SOA google.com`
SRV	Service record	`host -t SRV _sip._tcp.example.com`
TXT	Text record	`host -t TXT google.com`
ANY	All records	`host -a google.com`

Instalación¶

Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)¶

sudo apt-get install dnsutils

Linux (CentOS/RHEL/Fedora)¶

```bash sudo yum install bind-utils

or¶

sudo dnf install bind-utils ```_

macOS¶

host viene pre-instalado con macOS.

Windows¶

Utilice Windows Subsystem para Linux (WSL) o instalar a través de gestores de paquetes como Chocolatey.

Consejos y mejores prácticas¶

** Salida limpia**: host proporciona una salida más limpia y legible que cava
Exámenes rápidos: Ideal para consultas DNS simples y solución de problemas básicos
Preguntas frecuentes: Puede consultar varios dominios en un solo comando
Reverse lookups: Detecta automáticamente direcciones IP y realiza búsquedas inversas
** Ajustes de tiempo**: Uso -W_ opción para redes lentas o poco fiables
Las consultas del PCT: Uso -T_ para grandes respuestas o cuando se bloquea UDP
Combina con otras herramientas: Uso junto con excavación y nslookup para un análisis integral

Mensajes comunes de error¶

Error	Meaning
`Host not found`	Domain doesn't exist (NXDOMAIN)
`No address associated with hostname`	No A/AAAA records found
`Connection timed out`	DNS server unreachable
`Server failure`	DNS server error (SERVFAIL)
`Query refused`	DNS server refused the query

Comandos relacionados¶

dig - Herramienta de búsqueda DNS más detallada con opciones extensas
nslookup_ - Utilidad de búsqueda interactiva de DNS
ping - Test network connectivity and resolve hostnames
traceroute_ - Trace network path to destination
whois - Información sobre registro y propiedad de dominio