Hoja de referencia de Emacs¶

Descripción general¶

GNU Emacs es un editor de texto extensible, personalizable, libre — y más. En su núcleo hay un intérprete para Emacs Lisp, un dialecto del lenguaje de programación Lisp con extensiones para soportar edición de texto.

Conceptos básicos¶

Notación de teclas¶

Would you like me to continue with the remaining sections? Please provide the text for each section you want translated.``` C-x # Ctrl + x M-x # Alt + x (or Esc then x) C-M-x # Ctrl + Alt + x S-x # Shift + x

### Terminology

Buffer # Text being edited (file content) Window # View of a buffer Frame # Emacs window (what other apps call window) Point # Cursor position Mark # Saved position for region selection Region # Text between point and mark Kill # Cut (delete and save to kill ring) Yank # Paste (from kill ring)

## Basic Navigation

### Movement Commands

C-f # Forward character C-b # Backward character C-n # Next line C-p # Previous line C-a # Beginning of line C-e # End of line M-f # Forward word M-b # Backward word M-a # Beginning of sentence M-e # End of sentence C-v # Page down M-v # Page up M-< # Beginning of buffer M-> # End of buffer M-g g # Go to line number

### Advanced Navigation

C-M-f # Forward s-expression C-M-b # Backward s-expression C-M-a # Beginning of function C-M-e # End of function C-M-v # Scroll other window down C-M-S-v # Scroll other window up

## File Operations

### File Management

C-x C-f # Find file (open) C-x C-s # Save file C-x C-w # Write file (save as) C-x C-c # Exit Emacs C-x C-v # Visit file (replace current buffer) C-x i # Insert file C-x C-r # Read file (read-only)

### Buffer Management

C-x b # Switch buffer C-x C-b # List buffers C-x k # Kill buffer C-x C-q # Toggle read-only mode C-x C-z # Suspend Emacs

## Editing Commands

### Basic Editing

C-d # Delete character forward DEL # Delete character backward M-d # Kill word forward M-DEL # Kill word backward C-k # Kill line (from point to end) C-S-backspace # Kill entire line C-w # Kill region M-w # Copy region C-y # Yank (paste) M-y # Yank pop (cycle through kill ring) C-/ # Undo C-g # Quit/cancel command

### Advanced Editing

C-t # Transpose characters M-t # Transpose words C-x C-t # Transpose lines M-u # Uppercase word M-l # Lowercase word M-c # Capitalize word C-x C-u # Uppercase region C-x C-l # Lowercase region

## Search and Replace

### Search

C-s # Incremental search forward C-r # Incremental search backward C-M-s # Regex search forward C-M-r # Regex search backward M-s w # Word search M-s . # Symbol search

### Replace

M-% # Query replace C-M-% # Query replace regex M-x replace-string # Replace all occurrences M-x replace-regexp # Replace all regex matches

### Search and Replace Keys (during query replace)

y # Replace this occurrence n # Skip this occurrence ! # Replace all remaining q # Quit . # Replace this and quit ^ # Go back to previous

## Windows and Frames

### Window Management

C-x 2 # Split window horizontally C-x 3 # Split window vertically C-x 1 # Delete other windows C-x 0 # Delete current window C-x o # Switch to other window C-x ^ # Enlarge window vertically C-x \\} # Enlarge window horizontally C-x \\{ # Shrink window horizontally

### Frame Management

C-x 5 2 # Create new frame C-x 5 0 # Delete current frame C-x 5 1 # Delete other frames C-x 5 o # Switch to other frame C-x 5 f # Find file in new frame

## Regions and Marks

### Mark and Region

C-SPC # Set mark C-x C-x # Exchange point and mark C-u C-SPC # Jump to previous mark M-h # Mark paragraph C-x h # Mark whole buffer C-M-h # Mark function

### Rectangle Operations

C-x r k # Kill rectangle C-x r y # Yank rectangle C-x r o # Open rectangle C-x r c # Clear rectangle C-x r t # String rectangle (replace with text)

## Help System

### Getting Help

C-h ? # Help on help C-h k # Describe key C-h f # Describe function C-h v # Describe variable C-h m # Describe mode C-h b # Show key bindings C-h a # Apropos (search commands) C-h i # Info browser C-h t # Tutorial

### Info System

C-h i # Enter Info SPC # Scroll forward DEL # Scroll backward n # Next node p # Previous node u # Up node m # Menu item f # Follow reference l # Last node q # Quit Info

## Modes

### Major Modes

M-x text-mode # Text mode M-x fundamental-mode # Fundamental mode M-x lisp-mode # Lisp mode M-x python-mode # Python mode M-x c-mode # C mode M-x html-mode # HTML mode M-x org-mode # Org mode

### Minor Modes

M-x auto-fill-mode # Auto-fill mode M-x flyspell-mode # Spell checking M-x linum-mode # Line numbers M-x whitespace-mode # Show whitespace M-x hl-line-mode # Highlight current line

## Customization

### Basic Configuration (.emacs or init.el)
```elisp
;; Basic settings
(setq inhibit-startup-message t)
(setq make-backup-files nil)
(setq auto-save-default nil)

;; UI improvements
(menu-bar-mode -1)
(tool-bar-mode -1)
(scroll-bar-mode -1)
(global-linum-mode 1)
(show-paren-mode 1)

;; Indentation
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
(setq-default tab-width 4)

;; Key bindings
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x g") 'goto-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") 'comment-region)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c u") 'uncomment-region)

;; Theme
(load-theme 'wombat t)

Package Management¶

;; Package repositories
(require 'package)
(add-to-list 'package-archives
             '("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/") t)
(package-initialize)

;; Install packages
(unless (package-installed-p 'use-package)
  (package-refresh-contents)
  (package-install 'use-package))

;; Use-package examples
(use-package magit
  :ensure t
  :bind ("C-x g" . magit-status))

(use-package company
  :ensure t
  :config
  (global-company-mode))

Org Mode¶

Basic Org Mode¶

* Heading 1
** Heading 2
*** Heading 3

- List item
  - Sub item
1. Numbered list
2. Second item

*bold* /italic/ _underlined_ =code= ~verbatim~

[[link][description]]
[[file:path/to/file.txt]]
[[https://example.com]]

Org Mode Commands¶

TAB     # Cycle visibility
S-TAB   # Global cycle visibility
C-c C-t # Toggle TODO state
C-c C-s # Schedule item
C-c C-d # Set deadline
C-c a   # Agenda
C-c c   # Capture
C-c C-e # Export

TODO Keywords¶

#+TODO: TODO IN-PROGRESS|DONE CANCELLED

* TODO Learn Emacs
* IN-PROGRESS Write documentation
* DONE Install Emacs
* CANCELLED Old project

Dired (Directory Editor)¶

Dired Commands¶

C-x d   # Open Dired
RET     # Open file/directory
^       # Go to parent directory
g       # Refresh
m       # Mark file
u       # Unmark file
U       # Unmark all
d       # Mark for deletion
x       # Execute deletions
C       # Copy file
R       # Rename/move file
D       # Delete file
+       # Create directory

Dired Marking¶

m       # Mark file
u       # Unmark file
t       # Toggle marks
* s     # Mark all
* %     # Mark by regex
* .     # Mark by extension
U       # Unmark all

Programming Features¶

M-.     # Find definition
M-,     # Return from definition
C-M-f   # Forward s-expression
C-M-b   # Backward s-expression
C-M-u   # Up list
C-M-d   # Down list

Code Editing¶

C-M-\   # Indent region
C-c C-c # Comment region
M-;     # Comment/uncomment line
C-x r t # Rectangle text (column editing)

Compilation¶

M-x compile         # Compile
C-x `              # Next error
M-g n              # Next error
M-g p              # Previous error

Advanced Features¶

Macros¶

C-x (   # Start macro recording
C-x )   # End macro recording
C-x e   # Execute macro
C-u C-x ( # Start macro with prefix
M-x name-last-kbd-macro # Name macro
M-x insert-kbd-macro    # Insert macro into buffer

Registers¶

C-x r s # Save region to register
C-x r i # Insert register contents
C-x r SPC # Save point to register
C-x r j # Jump to register

Bookmarks¶

C-x r m # Set bookmark
C-x r b # Jump to bookmark
C-x r l # List bookmarks

Version Control¶

C-x v v # Version control next action
C-x v = # Show diff
C-x v l # Show log
C-x v ~ # Show specific version
C-x v g # Annotate (blame)

Shell and Terminal¶

Shell Commands¶

M-!     # Shell command
M-|# Shell command on region
C-u M-! # Insert shell command output
M-x shell           # Start shell
M-x eshell          # Start Eshell
M-x term            # Start terminal

Eshell Commands¶

cd      # Change directory
ls      # List files
pwd     # Print working directory
clear   # Clear screen
exit    # Exit Eshell

Useful Packages¶

Popular Packages¶

;; Ivy/Counsel/Swiper - completion framework
(use-package ivy
  :ensure t
  :config (ivy-mode 1))

;; Magit - Git interface
(use-package magit
  :ensure t
  :bind ("C-x g" . magit-status))

;; Company - completion
(use-package company
  :ensure t
  :config (global-company-mode))

;; Projectile - project management
(use-package projectile
  :ensure t
  :config (projectile-mode))

;; Which-key - key binding help
(use-package which-key
  :ensure t
  :config (which-key-mode))

Troubleshooting¶

Common Issues¶

C-g     # Cancel current command
M-x recover-session    # Recover crashed session
M-x toggle-debug-on-error # Debug errors
M-x emacs-version      # Check version

Performance¶

;; Increase garbage collection threshold
(setq gc-cons-threshold 100000000)

;; Reduce startup time
(setq package-enable-at-startup nil)

;; Profile startup
(use-package esup
  :ensure t
  :commands esup)

Tips and Tricks¶

Productivity Tips¶

C-x z   # Repeat last command
C-u     # Universal argument (prefix)
M-x     # Execute command by name
C-h k   # Find out what a key does
C-h f   # Find out what a function does

Useful Commands¶

M-x occur # Show lines matching pattern M-x grep # Search files M-x rgrep # Recursive grep M-x find-name-dired # Find files by name M-x calendar # Calendar M-x calculator # Calculator## Recursos https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/- Manual Oficial: [gnu.org/software/emacs/manual]( https://www.emacswiki.org/- Wiki de Emacs: [emacswiki.org]( https://melpa.org/- Archivo de Paquetes: [melpa.org]( C-h tdentro de Emacs

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