Hoja de Referencia de Ant

Descripción General

Apache Ant es una herramienta de construcción basada en Java que utiliza XML para describir el proceso de construcción y sus dependencias. Es independiente de la plataforma y está diseñada para ser extensible a través de clases Java.

Instalación

Gestores de Paquetes

Would you like me to continue with the remaining sections? Please provide the English text for each section, and I'll translate them following the specified rules.```bash

macOS

brew install ant

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt install ant

CentOS/RHEL

sudo yum install ant

Windows (Chocolatey)

choco install ant

Manual installation

wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.10.12-bin.tar.gz tar -xzf apache-ant-1.10.12-bin.tar.gz export ANT_HOME=/path/to/apache-ant-1.10.12 export PATH=\(PATH:\)ANT_HOME/bin

### Verification
```bash
ant -version

Basic Concepts

Key Terms

Build File    # XML file (usually build.xml)
Project       # Root element of build file
Target        # Set of tasks to execute
Task          # Unit of work (compile, copy, etc.)
Property      # Name-value pair for configuration

Project Structure

project/
├── build.xml
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   └── java/
│   └── test/
│       └── java/
├── lib/
├── build/
└── dist/

Basic build.xml

Minimal Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="MyProject" default="compile" basedir=".">
    <description>A simple Java project</description>

    <property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
    <property name="build.dir" value="build"/>
    <property name="classes.dir" value="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/classes"/>

    <target name="init">
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}"/>
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"/>
    </target>

    <target name="compile" depends="init">
        <javac srcdir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}" destdir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"/>
    </target>

    <target name="clean">
        <delete dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}"/>
    </target>
</project>

Complete Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="MyProject" default="build" basedir=".">
    <description>Complete Java project build file</description>

    <property name="src.dir" value="src/main/java"/>
    <property name="test.src.dir" value="src/test/java"/>
    <property name="resources.dir" value="src/main/resources"/>
    <property name="lib.dir" value="lib"/>
    <property name="build.dir" value="build"/>
    <property name="classes.dir" value="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/classes"/>
    <property name="test.classes.dir" value="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/test-classes"/>
    <property name="dist.dir" value="dist"/>
    <property name="jar.file" value="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}/$\\\\{ant.project.name\\\\}.jar"/>

    <path id="classpath">
        <fileset dir="$\\\\{lib.dir\\\\}">
            <include name="*.jar"/>
        </fileset>
    </path>

    <path id="test.classpath">
        <path refid="classpath"/>
        <pathelement location="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"/>
        <pathelement location="$\\\\{test.classes.dir\\\\}"/>
    </path>

    <target name="init">
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}"/>
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"/>
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{test.classes.dir\\\\}"/>
        <mkdir dir="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}"/>
    </target>

    <target name="compile" depends="init">
        <javac srcdir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}"
               destdir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"
               classpathref="classpath"
               debug="true"
               includeantruntime="false"/>
        <copy todir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}">
            <fileset dir="$\\\\{resources.dir\\\\}"/>
        </copy>
    </target>

    <target name="compile-tests" depends="compile">
        <javac srcdir="$\\\\{test.src.dir\\\\}"
               destdir="$\\\\{test.classes.dir\\\\}"
               classpathref="test.classpath"
               debug="true"
               includeantruntime="false"/>
    </target>

    <target name="test" depends="compile-tests">
        <junit printsummary="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
            <classpath refid="test.classpath"/>
            <formatter type="plain"/>
            <batchtest fork="yes" todir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}">
                <fileset dir="$\\\\{test.src.dir\\\\}">
                    <include name="**/*Test.java"/>
                </fileset>
            </batchtest>
        </junit>
    </target>

    <target name="jar" depends="compile">
        <jar destfile="$\\\\{jar.file\\\\}" basedir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}">
            <manifest>
                <attribute name="Main-Class" value="com.example.Main"/>
                <attribute name="Class-Path" value=". lib/"/>
            </manifest>
        </jar>
    </target>

    <target name="build" depends="test,jar"/>

    <target name="clean">
        <delete dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}"/>
        <delete dir="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}"/>
    </target>

    <target name="rebuild" depends="clean,build"/>
</project>

Properties

Property Definition

<property name="version" value="1.0.0"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>

<property file="build.properties"/>

<property environment="env"/>
<echo message="Java Home: $\\\\{env.JAVA_HOME\\\\}"/>

<property name="java.version" value="$\\\\{java.version\\\\}"/>

<condition property="isWindows">
    <os family="windows"/>
</condition>

<property name="build.type" value="debug"/>

Property Files

# build.properties
version=1.0.0
src.dir=src/main/java
test.dir=src/test/java
lib.dir=lib
build.dir=build

Tasks

File Operations

<copy todir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/resources">
    <fileset dir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}/resources"/>
</copy>

<copy todir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/config" filtering="true">
    <fileset dir="config"/>
    <filterset>
        <filter token="VERSION" value="$\\\\{version\\\\}"/>
        <filter token="BUILD_DATE" value="$\\\\{timestamp\\\\}"/>
    </filterset>
</copy>

<move todir="$\\\\{backup.dir\\\\}">
    <fileset dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}">
        <include name="*.log"/>
    </fileset>
</move>

<delete dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}"/>
<delete>
    <fileset dir="." includes="**/*.tmp"/>
</delete>

<mkdir dir="$\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/classes"/>

<zip destfile="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}/source.zip">
    <fileset dir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}"/>
</zip>

<tar destfile="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}/source.tar.gz" compression="gzip">
    <fileset dir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}"/>
</tar>

Compilation Tasks

<javac srcdir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}"
       destdir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"
       classpathref="classpath"
       debug="true"
       deprecation="true"
       optimize="false"
       includeantruntime="false">
    <include name="**/*.java"/>
    <exclude name="**/Test*.java"/>
</javac>

<jar destfile="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}/myapp.jar"
     basedir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"
     includes="**/*.class">
    <manifest>
        <attribute name="Main-Class" value="com.example.Main"/>
        <attribute name="Implementation-Version" value="$\\\\{version\\\\}"/>
        <attribute name="Built-By" value="$\\\\{user.name\\\\}"/>
        <attribute name="Built-Date" value="$\\\\{timestamp\\\\}"/>
    </manifest>
</jar>

<war destfile="$\\\\{dist.dir\\\\}/myapp.war" webxml="web.xml">
    <fileset dir="webapp"/>
    <lib dir="lib"/>
    <classes dir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}"/>
</war>

Testing Tasks

<junit printsummary="yes"
       haltonfailure="yes"
       haltonerror="yes"
       fork="yes">
    <classpath refid="test.classpath"/>
    <formatter type="plain"/>
    <formatter type="xml"/>

    <test name="com.example.MyTest" todir="$\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}"/>

    <batchtest fork="yes" todir="$\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}">
        <fileset dir="$\\\\{test.src.dir\\\\}">
            <include name="**/*Test.java"/>
            <exclude name="**/Abstract*Test.java"/>
        </fileset>
    </batchtest>
</junit>

<junitreport todir="$\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}">
    <fileset dir="$\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}">
        <include name="TEST-*.xml"/>
    </fileset>
    <report format="frames" todir="$\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}/html"/>
</junitreport>

Targets and Dependencies

Target Dependencies

<target name="compile" depends="init">

</target>

<target name="build" depends="clean,compile,test,jar">

</target>

<target name="compile-debug" if="debug.enabled">
    <javac srcdir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}" destdir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}" debug="true"/>
</target>

<target name="compile-release" unless="debug.enabled">
    <javac srcdir="$\\\\{src.dir\\\\}" destdir="$\\\\{classes.dir\\\\}" optimize="true"/>
</target>

<target name="help" description="Show available targets">
    <echo message="Available targets:"/>
    <echo message="  compile - Compile source code"/>
    <echo message="  test    - Run unit tests"/>
    <echo message="  jar     - Create JAR file"/>
    <echo message="  clean   - Clean build directory"/>
</target>

Conditional Execution

<target name="check-java-version">
    <condition property="java.version.ok">
        <or>
            <contains string="$\\\\{java.version\\\\}" substring="1.8"/>
            <contains string="$\\\\{java.version\\\\}" substring="11"/>
            <contains string="$\\\\{java.version\\\\}" substring="17"/>
        </or>
    </condition>
    <fail unless="java.version.ok"
          message="Java 8, 11, or 17 required. Found: $\\\\{java.version\\\\}"/>
</target>

<target name="init-windows" if="isWindows">
    <property name="script.ext" value=".bat"/>
</target>

<target name="init-unix" unless="isWindows">
    <property name="script.ext" value=".sh"/>
</target>

Macros and Custom Tasks

Macrodefs

<macrodef name="compile-module">
    <attribute name="module"/>
    ``<attribute name="srcdir" default="src/@\\\{module\\\}/java"/>``
    ``<attribute name="destdir" default="build/@\\\{module\\\}/classes"/>``
    <sequential>
        ``<mkdir dir="@\\\{destdir\\\}"/>``
        ``<javac srcdir="@\\\{srcdir\\\}"
               destdir="@\\\{destdir\\\}"
               classpathref="classpath"
               includeantruntime="false"/>``
    </sequential>
</macrodef>

<target name="compile-all">
    <compile-module module="core"/>
    <compile-module module="web"/>
    <compile-module module="api"/>
</target>

<macrodef name="run-tests">
    <attribute name="module"/>
    <element name="test-elements" implicit="true"/>
    <sequential>
        <junit printsummary="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
            ``<classpath refid="test.classpath.@\\\{module\\\}"/>``
            <test-elements/>
        </junit>
    </sequential>
</macrodef>

Custom Tasks

<taskdef name="mytask" classname="com.example.MyTask">
    <classpath>
        <pathelement location="lib/custom-tasks.jar"/>
    </classpath>
</taskdef>

<target name="custom-operation">
    <mytask param1="value1" param2="value2"/>
</target>

Advanced Features

Parallel Execution

<target name="build-parallel">
    <parallel>
        <sequential>
            <antcall target="compile-core"/>
            <antcall target="test-core"/>
        </sequential>
        <sequential>
            <antcall target="compile-web"/>
            <antcall target="test-web"/>
        </sequential>
    </parallel>
</target>

Subprojects

<target name="build-all">
    <subant target="build">
        <fileset dir="." includes="*/build.xml"/>
    </subant>
</target>

<target name="clean-all">
    <ant dir="core" target="clean"/>
    <ant dir="web" target="clean"/>
    <ant dir="api" target="clean"/>
</target>

Import and Include

<import file="common-build.xml"/>

<include file="properties.xml"/>

<import file="base-build.xml"/>
<target name="compile" depends="base.compile">

    <echo message="Custom compilation step"/>
</target>

Command Line Usage

Basic Commands

# Run default target
ant

# Run specific target
ant compile
ant clean
ant test

# Run multiple targets
ant clean compile test

# List available targets
ant -projecthelp
ant -p

# Verbose output
ant -verbose compile
ant -v compile

# Debug output
ant -debug compile
ant -d compile

# Quiet output
ant -quiet compile
ant -q compile

Setting Properties

```bash

Set properties from command line

ant -Dversion=2.0.0 -Ddebug.enabled=true compile

Use different build file

ant -buildfile mybuild.xml compile ant -f mybuild.xml compile

Set logger

ant -logger org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger compile

Find build file

ant -find build.xml compile ### Opciones Avanzadasbash

Keep going on failure

ant -keep-going build

Use input handler

ant -inputhandler org.apache.tools.ant.input.DefaultInputHandler

Set log level

ant -loglevel info compile

Disable input

ant -noinput compile

Show version

ant -version ## Integraciónxml

<replace file=".classpath" token="@PROJECT_NAME@" value="$\\\{ant.project.name\\\}"/>

### Integración de IDExml

\(\\\\{reports.dir\\\\}"> <fileset dir="\)\\\\{test.reports.dir\\\\}"> ### Integración de CI/CDxml

### Control de Versionesxml

## Mejores Prácticasxml

### Organización del Proyectobash

Check Ant installation

ant -version

Verify Java installation

java -version

Check classpath issues

ant -debug compile 2>&1|grep -i classpath

Validate build file

ant -projecthelp

Check property values

ant -Dant.echo.properties=true compile ### Manejo de Erroresxml

## Resolución de Problemasxml

\(\\\\{jar.file\\\\}"> <srcfiles dir="\)\\\\{src.dir\\\\}" includes="**/*.java"/>

\(\\\\{src.dir\\\\}/module1" destdir="\)\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/module1"/> \(\\\\{src.dir\\\\}/module2" destdir="\)\\\\{build.dir\\\\}/module2"/> ```### Problemas Comunes https://ant.apache.org/### Técnicas de Depuración https://ant.apache.org/manual/### Consejos de Rendimiento https://ant.apache.org/manual/tasksoverview.html## Recursos https://ant.apache.org/manual/tutorial-HelloWorldWithAnt.html- Documentación Oficial: [ant.apache.org](