xterm - X Window System Terminal Emulator¶

generieren

xterm ist der Standard-Terminal-Emulator für das X Window System, der als Grundlage für viele moderne Terminalanwendungen dient. Ursprünglich 1984 entwickelt, bleibt xterm einer der am weitesten verbreiteten und funktionsreichen Terminal-Emulatoren in Unix-ähnlichen Systemen. Es bietet umfangreiche Anpassungsmöglichkeiten, Unicode-Unterstützung und dient als Referenz-Implementierung für Terminal-Emulationsstandards.

Installation¶

Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)¶

bash sudo apt update sudo apt install xterm_

Linux (Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora)¶

```bash sudo dnf install xterm

or on older systems:¶

sudo yum install xterm ```_

Linux (Arch)¶

bash sudo pacman -S xterm_

macOS (mit X11)¶

```bash

Install XQuartz first, then:¶

brew install xterm ```_

FreeBSD¶

bash pkg install xterm_

Basisnutzung¶

Starting xterm¶

```bash

Basic xterm window¶

xterm

Start with specific title¶

xterm -title "My Terminal"

Start with specific geometry¶

xterm -geometry 80x24+100+100

Start with specific font¶

xterm -fn "fixed"

Start in fullscreen¶

xterm -fullscreen ```_

Kommandozeilenoptionen¶

```bash

Display options¶

xterm -display :0.0 xterm -geometry 132x43 xterm -iconic xterm -maximized

Font options¶

xterm -fn "9x15" xterm -fa "Monospace:size=12" xterm -fs 14

Color options¶

xterm -fg white -bg black xterm -rv # Reverse video xterm -cm # Color mode

Scrolling options¶

xterm -sb # Enable scrollbar xterm -sl 1000 # Set scrollback lines xterm -si # Scroll on input xterm -sk # Scroll on key press

Logging options¶

xterm -l # Enable logging xterm -lf logfile.txt # Log to specific file ```_

Keyboard Shortcuts¶

Textauswahl und Zwischenablage¶

```bash

Text selection¶

Left Click + Drag # Select text Double Click # Select word Triple Click # Select line Shift + Left Click # Extend selection

Clipboard operations¶

Ctrl + Shift + C # Copy (modern xterm) Ctrl + Shift + V # Paste (modern xterm) Middle Click # Paste selection (traditional) Shift + Insert # Paste clipboard

Traditional X11 clipboard¶

Select text # Automatically copies to primary selection Middle Click # Paste primary selection ```_

Fenster- und Schriftsteuerung¶

```bash

Font size control¶

Ctrl + Right Click # Font menu Ctrl + Plus # Increase font size Ctrl + Minus # Decrease font size Ctrl + 0 # Reset font size

Window operations¶

Alt + F4 # Close window Alt + F10 # Maximize window Alt + F9 # Minimize window Alt + F5 # Restore window ```_

Scrolling¶

```bash

Shift + Page Up # Scroll up one page Shift + Page Down # Scroll down one page Shift + Home # Scroll to top Shift + End # Scroll to bottom Shift + Up Arrow # Scroll up one line Shift + Down Arrow # Scroll down one line ```_

Terminal Control¶

```bash

Terminal reset and clear¶

Ctrl + L # Clear screen reset # Reset terminal state clear # Clear screen content

Process control¶

Ctrl + C # Interrupt (SIGINT) Ctrl + Z # Suspend (SIGTSTP) Ctrl + D # EOF/Exit Ctrl + # Quit (SIGQUIT) ```_

Mouse Operationen¶

Kontextmenüs¶

```bash

New Window
Print Window
Redraw Window
Send Signal
Quit

Enable/Disable Scrollbar
Enable/Disable Jump Scroll
Enable/Disable Reverse Video
Enable/Disable Auto Wraparound
Enable/Disable Reverse Wraparound
Enable/Disable Auto Linefeed
Enable/Disable Application Cursor Keys
Enable/Disable Application Keypad
Scroll to Bottom on Output
Scroll to Bottom on Key
Allow 80/132 Column Switching
Keep Selection
Select to Clipboard

Default Font
Tiny Font
Small Font
Medium Font
Large Font
Huge Font
Escape Sequence Font
Selection Font ```_

Auswahlmodus¶

```bash

Selection types¶

Single Click # Position cursor Double Click # Select word Triple Click # Select line Quadruple Click # Select all

Extended selection¶

Shift + Click # Extend selection Ctrl + Click # Rectangular selection Alt + Click # Line selection mode ```_

Konfiguration¶

Konfiguration der Befehlszeile¶

```bash

Resource file options¶

xterm -xrm "XTerm*background: black" xterm -xrm "XTerm*foreground: white" xterm -xrm "XTerm*font: 9x15" xterm -xrm "XTerm*scrollBar: true"

Multiple resources¶

xterm -xrm "XTerm*background: black" \ -xrm "XTerm*foreground: green" \ -xrm "XTerm*font: fixed" ```_

X Ressourcenkonfiguration (~/.Xresources)¶

```bash ! Basic appearance XTerm*background: black XTerm*foreground: white XTerm*cursorColor: yellow XTerm*pointerColor: red XTerm*borderColor: blue

! Font configuration XTerm*font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1 XTerm*boldFont: -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1 XTerm*faceName: Liberation Mono:size=12:antialias=false XTerm*faceSize: 12

! Scrolling XTerm*scrollBar: true XTerm*scrollbar.width: 8 XTerm*rightScrollBar: true XTerm*saveLines: 10000 XTerm*scrollTtyOutput: false XTerm*scrollKey: true

! Bell configuration XTerm*visualBell: true XTerm*bellIsUrgent: true

! Selection and clipboard XTerm*highlightSelection: true XTerm*trimSelection: true XTerm*cutNewline: false XTerm*cutToBeginningOfLine: false XTerm*charClass: 33:48,35:48,37:48,43:48,45-47:48,64:48,95:48,126:48

! Terminal behavior XTerm*loginShell: true XTerm*jumpScroll: true XTerm*multiScroll: true XTerm*toolBar: false XTerm*titeInhibit: false

! Color scheme (Solarized Dark example) XTerm*color0: #073642 XTerm*color1: #dc322f XTerm*color2: #859900 XTerm*color3: #b58900 XTerm*color4: #268bd2 XTerm*color5: #d33682 XTerm*color6: #2aa198 XTerm*color7: #eee8d5 XTerm*color8: #002b36 XTerm*color9: #cb4b16 XTerm*color10: #586e75 XTerm*color11: #657b83 XTerm*color12: #839496 XTerm*color13: #6c71c4 XTerm*color14: #93a1a1 XTerm*color15: #fdf6e3 ```_

X Ressourcen anwenden¶

```bash

Load resources¶

xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources

Load and replace all resources¶

xrdb -load ~/.Xresources

View current resources¶

xrdb -query

Remove all resources¶

xrdb -remove ```_

Erweiterte Funktionen¶

Unicode und Internationalisierung¶

```bash

UTF-8 support¶

xterm -u8

Locale-specific startup¶

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 xterm

Font configuration for Unicode¶

XTerm*utf8: 1 XTerm*locale: true XTerm*utf8Title: true XTerm*fontMenu*fontdefault*Label: Default XTerm*faceName: DejaVu Sans Mono:size=11 XTerm*faceNameDoublesize: WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:size=11 ```_

Terminal Emulationsmodi¶

```bash

VT100 mode¶

xterm -tn vt100

VT220 mode¶

xterm -tn vt220

Linux console mode¶

xterm -tn linux

Set terminal type¶

export TERM=xterm-256color ```_

Protokollierung und Sitzungsaufzeichnung¶

```bash

Enable logging¶

xterm -l -lf ~/xterm.log

Logging with timestamp¶

xterm -l -lf ~/xterm-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log

Session recording with script¶

script -f ~/session.log

Then start xterm within the script session¶

```_

Sicherheitsmerkmale¶

```bash

Disable dangerous features¶

XTerm*allowSendEvents: false XTerm*allowWindowOps: false XTerm*allowTitleOps: false XTerm*allowFontOps: false

Secure keyboard input¶

XTerm*secureKeyboard: true

XTerm*omitTranslation: popup-menu ```_

Anwendungsbeispiele¶

Farbschemata¶

```bash

Solarized Light¶

XTerm*background: #fdf6e3 XTerm*foreground: #657b83 XTerm*fadeColor: #fdf6e3 XTerm*cursorColor: #586e75 XTerm*pointerColorBackground: #93a1a1 XTerm*pointerColorForeground: #586e75

Monokai¶

XTerm*background: #272822 XTerm*foreground: #f8f8f2 XTerm*cursorColor: #f8f8f0 XTerm*color0: #272822 XTerm*color1: #f92672 XTerm*color2: #a6e22e XTerm*color3: #f4bf75 XTerm*color4: #66d9ef XTerm*color5: #ae81ff XTerm*color6: #a1efe4 XTerm*color7: #f8f8f2

Gruvbox Dark¶

XTerm*background: #282828 XTerm*foreground: #ebdbb2 XTerm*color0: #282828 XTerm*color1: #cc241d XTerm*color2: #98971a XTerm*color3: #d79921 XTerm*color4: #458588 XTerm*color5: #b16286 XTerm*color6: #689d6a XTerm*color7: #a89984 ```_

Schriftkonfigurationen¶

```bash

Bitmap fonts¶

XTerm*font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1 XTerm*boldFont: -misc-fixed-bold-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1

TrueType fonts¶

XTerm*faceName: Inconsolata:size=12 XTerm*faceSize: 12 XTerm*renderFont: true

Multiple font sizes¶

XTerm*faceSize1: 8 XTerm*faceSize2: 10 XTerm*faceSize3: 12 XTerm*faceSize4: 14 XTerm*faceSize5: 16 XTerm*faceSize6: 18 ```_

Integration von Windows¶

```bash

Window class and name¶

XTerm*iconName: Terminal XTerm*title: xterm XTerm*geometry: 80x24+0+0

Window manager hints¶

XTerm*allowWindowOps: true XTerm*disallowedWindowOps: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,18,19

Session management¶

XTerm*sessionMgt: true ```_

Fehlerbehebung¶

Gemeinsame Themen¶

```bash

Font problems¶

xlsfonts|grep fixed # List available fonts xterm -fn fixed # Use basic fixed font fc-list : family|grep Mono # List monospace fonts

Color issues¶

echo $TERM # Check terminal type tput colors # Check color support xterm -tn xterm-256color # Force 256 color mode

Clipboard problems¶

xclip -version # Check if xclip is installed xsel --version # Check if xsel is installed echo $DISPLAY # Verify X11 display

Locale issues¶

locale # Check current locale xterm -u8 # Enable UTF-8 mode export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # Set UTF-8 locale ```_

Leistungsoptimierung¶

```bash

Disable unnecessary features¶

XTerm*jumpScroll: true XTerm*multiScroll: true XTerm*fastScroll: true

Reduce resource usage¶

XTerm*saveLines: 1000 # Limit scrollback XTerm*visualBell: false # Disable visual bell XTerm*toolBar: false # Disable toolbar

Font rendering optimization¶

XTerm*renderFont: true XTerm*antialias: true XTerm*faceSize: 11 ```_

Debugging¶

```bash

Debug mode¶

xterm -debug 1

Verbose output¶

xterm -verbose

Check resources¶

xrdb -query|grep -i xterm

Test configuration¶

xterm -xrm "XTerm*background: red" -geometry 40x10 ```_

Integration mit anderen Tools¶

Terminal Multiplexer¶

```bash

With tmux¶

xterm -e tmux

With screen¶

xterm -e screen

With specific session¶

xterm -e "tmux attach-session -t main" ```_

Integration von Shell¶

```bash

Specific shell¶

xterm -e bash xterm -e zsh xterm -e fish

xterm -ls

Execute command and exit¶

xterm -e "ls -la; read" ```_

Fenstermanager Scripts¶

```bash

!/bin/bash¶

Launch multiple xterm windows¶

xterm -geometry 80x24+0+0 -title "Main" & xterm -geometry 80x24+400+0 -title "Logs" -e "tail -f /var/log/syslog" & xterm -geometry 80x24+0+300 -title "Monitor" -e "htop" & ```_

Best Practices¶

Konfigurationsmanagement¶

```bash

Use version control for configs¶

cd ~ git init git add .Xresources git commit -m "Initial xterm configuration"

Backup configurations¶

cp ~/.Xresources ~/.Xresources.backup ```_

Sicherheitsüberlegungen¶

```bash

Disable dangerous operations¶

XTerm*allowSendEvents: false XTerm*allowWindowOps: false XTerm*allowTitleOps: false

Use secure keyboard mode¶

XTerm*secureKeyboard: true

Limit font operations¶

XTerm*allowFontOps: false ```_

Leistungsspitzen¶

```bash

Optimize for speed¶

XTerm*jumpScroll: true XTerm*multiScroll: true XTerm*fastScroll: true

Limit resource usage¶

XTerm*saveLines: 2000 XTerm*buffered: true ```_

xterm bleibt der Goldstandard für Terminal-Emulation in Unix-ähnlichen Systemen, bietet unvergleichliche Anpassung und Kompatibilität. Seine umfangreichen Feature-Set- und Konfigurationsoptionen machen es für alles von grundlegender Kommandozeilenarbeit bis hin zu komplexen Entwicklungsumgebungen geeignet. Xterms Fähigkeiten und Konfigurationsoptionen zu verstehen ist für jeden ernsthaften Unix/Linux-Benutzer unerlässlich.

xterm - X Window System Terminal Emulator¶

Installation¶

Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)¶

Linux (Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora)¶

or on older systems:¶

Linux (Arch)¶

macOS (mit X11)¶

Install XQuartz first, then:¶

FreeBSD¶

Basisnutzung¶

Starting xterm¶

Basic xterm window¶

Start with specific title¶

Start with specific geometry¶

Start with specific font¶

Start in fullscreen¶

Kommandozeilenoptionen¶

Display options¶

Font options¶

Color options¶

Scrolling options¶

Logging options¶

Keyboard Shortcuts¶

Textauswahl und Zwischenablage¶

Text selection¶

Clipboard operations¶

Traditional X11 clipboard¶

Fenster- und Schriftsteuerung¶

Font size control¶

Window operations¶

Scrolling¶

Scrollback navigation¶

Terminal Control¶

Terminal reset and clear¶

Process control¶

Mouse Operationen¶

Kontextmenüs¶

Main menu (Ctrl + Left Click)¶

VT Options menu (Ctrl + Middle Click)¶

VT Fonts menu (Ctrl + Right Click)¶

Auswahlmodus¶

Selection types¶

Extended selection¶

Konfiguration¶

Konfiguration der Befehlszeile¶

Resource file options¶

Multiple resources¶

X Ressourcenkonfiguration (~/.Xresources)¶

X Ressourcen anwenden¶

Load resources¶

Load and replace all resources¶

View current resources¶

Remove all resources¶

Erweiterte Funktionen¶

Unicode und Internationalisierung¶

UTF-8 support¶

Locale-specific startup¶

Font configuration for Unicode¶

Terminal Emulationsmodi¶

VT100 mode¶

VT220 mode¶

Linux console mode¶

Set terminal type¶

Protokollierung und Sitzungsaufzeichnung¶

Enable logging¶

Logging with timestamp¶

Session recording with script¶

Then start xterm within the script session¶

Sicherheitsmerkmale¶

Disable dangerous features¶

Secure keyboard input¶

Disable menu access¶

Anwendungsbeispiele¶

Farbschemata¶

Solarized Light¶

Monokai¶

Gruvbox Dark¶

Schriftkonfigurationen¶

Bitmap fonts¶

TrueType fonts¶