xterm - X Window System Terminal Emulator

generieren

xterm ist der Standard-Terminal-Emulator für das X Window System, der als Grundlage für viele moderne Terminalanwendungen dient. Ursprünglich 1984 entwickelt, bleibt xterm einer der am weitesten verbreiteten und funktionsreichen Terminal-Emulatoren in Unix-ähnlichen Systemen. Es bietet umfangreiche Anpassungsmöglichkeiten, Unicode-Unterstützung und dient als Referenz-Implementierung für Terminal-Emulationsstandards.

Installation

Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)

bash sudo apt update sudo apt install xterm_

Linux (Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora)

```bash sudo dnf install xterm

or on older systems:

sudo yum install xterm ```_

Linux (Arch)

bash sudo pacman -S xterm_

macOS (mit X11)

```bash

Install XQuartz first, then:

brew install xterm ```_

FreeBSD

bash pkg install xterm_

Basisnutzung

Starting xterm

```bash

Basic xterm window

xterm

Start with specific title

xterm -title "My Terminal"

Start with specific geometry

xterm -geometry 80x24+100+100

Start with specific font

xterm -fn "fixed"

Start in fullscreen

xterm -fullscreen ```_

Kommandozeilenoptionen

```bash

Display options

xterm -display :0.0 xterm -geometry 132x43 xterm -iconic xterm -maximized

Font options

xterm -fn "9x15" xterm -fa "Monospace:size=12" xterm -fs 14

Color options

xterm -fg white -bg black xterm -rv # Reverse video xterm -cm # Color mode

Scrolling options

xterm -sb # Enable scrollbar xterm -sl 1000 # Set scrollback lines xterm -si # Scroll on input xterm -sk # Scroll on key press

Logging options

xterm -l # Enable logging xterm -lf logfile.txt # Log to specific file ```_

Keyboard Shortcuts

Textauswahl und Zwischenablage

```bash

Text selection

Left Click + Drag # Select text Double Click # Select word Triple Click # Select line Shift + Left Click # Extend selection

Clipboard operations

Ctrl + Shift + C # Copy (modern xterm) Ctrl + Shift + V # Paste (modern xterm) Middle Click # Paste selection (traditional) Shift + Insert # Paste clipboard

Traditional X11 clipboard

Select text # Automatically copies to primary selection Middle Click # Paste primary selection ```_

Fenster- und Schriftsteuerung

```bash

Font size control

Ctrl + Right Click # Font menu Ctrl + Plus # Increase font size Ctrl + Minus # Decrease font size Ctrl + 0 # Reset font size

Window operations

Alt + F4 # Close window Alt + F10 # Maximize window Alt + F9 # Minimize window Alt + F5 # Restore window ```_

Scrolling

```bash

Shift + Page Up # Scroll up one page Shift + Page Down # Scroll down one page Shift + Home # Scroll to top Shift + End # Scroll to bottom Shift + Up Arrow # Scroll up one line Shift + Down Arrow # Scroll down one line ```_

Terminal Control

```bash

Terminal reset and clear

Ctrl + L # Clear screen reset # Reset terminal state clear # Clear screen content

Process control

Ctrl + C # Interrupt (SIGINT) Ctrl + Z # Suspend (SIGTSTP) Ctrl + D # EOF/Exit Ctrl + \ # Quit (SIGQUIT) ```_

Mouse Operationen

Kontextmenüs

```bash

New Window
Print Window
Redraw Window
Send Signal
Quit

Enable/Disable Scrollbar
Enable/Disable Jump Scroll
Enable/Disable Reverse Video
Enable/Disable Auto Wraparound
Enable/Disable Reverse Wraparound
Enable/Disable Auto Linefeed
Enable/Disable Application Cursor Keys
Enable/Disable Application Keypad
Scroll to Bottom on Output
Scroll to Bottom on Key
Allow 80/132 Column Switching
Keep Selection
Select to Clipboard

Default Font
Tiny Font
Small Font
Medium Font
Large Font
Huge Font
Escape Sequence Font
Selection Font ```_

Auswahlmodus

```bash

Selection types

Single Click # Position cursor Double Click # Select word Triple Click # Select line Quadruple Click # Select all

Extended selection

Shift + Click # Extend selection Ctrl + Click # Rectangular selection Alt + Click # Line selection mode ```_

Konfiguration

Konfiguration der Befehlszeile

```bash

Resource file options

xterm -xrm "XTermbackground: black" xterm -xrm "XTermforeground: white" xterm -xrm "XTermfont: 9x15" xterm -xrm "XTermscrollBar: true"

Multiple resources

xterm -xrm "XTermbackground: black" \ -xrm "XTermforeground: green" \ -xrm "XTerm*font: fixed" ```_

X Ressourcenkonfiguration (~/.Xresources)

```bash ! Basic appearance XTermbackground: black XTermforeground: white XTermcursorColor: yellow XTermpointerColor: red XTerm*borderColor: blue

! Font configuration XTermfont: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1 XTermboldFont: -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1 XTermfaceName: Liberation Mono:size=12:antialias=false XTermfaceSize: 12

! Scrolling XTermscrollBar: true XTermscrollbar.width: 8 XTermrightScrollBar: true XTermsaveLines: 10000 XTermscrollTtyOutput: false XTermscrollKey: true

! Bell configuration XTermvisualBell: true XTermbellIsUrgent: true

! Selection and clipboard XTermhighlightSelection: true XTermtrimSelection: true XTermcutNewline: false XTermcutToBeginningOfLine: false XTerm*charClass: 33:48,35:48,37:48,43:48,45-47:48,64:48,95:48,126:48

! Terminal behavior XTermloginShell: true XTermjumpScroll: true XTermmultiScroll: true XTermtoolBar: false XTerm*titeInhibit: false

! Color scheme (Solarized Dark example) XTermcolor0: #073642 XTermcolor1: #dc322f XTermcolor2: #859900 XTermcolor3: #b58900 XTermcolor4: #268bd2 XTermcolor5: #d33682 XTermcolor6: #2aa198 XTermcolor7: #eee8d5 XTermcolor8: #002b36 XTermcolor9: #cb4b16 XTermcolor10: #586e75 XTermcolor11: #657b83 XTermcolor12: #839496 XTermcolor13: #6c71c4 XTermcolor14: #93a1a1 XTermcolor15: #fdf6e3 ```_

X Ressourcen anwenden

```bash

Load resources

xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources

Load and replace all resources

xrdb -load ~/.Xresources

View current resources

xrdb -query

Remove all resources

xrdb -remove ```_

Erweiterte Funktionen

Unicode und Internationalisierung

```bash

UTF-8 support

xterm -u8

Locale-specific startup

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 xterm

Font configuration for Unicode

XTermutf8: 1 XTermlocale: true XTermutf8Title: true XTermfontMenufontdefaultLabel: Default XTermfaceName: DejaVu Sans Mono:size=11 XTermfaceNameDoublesize: WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:size=11 ```_

Terminal Emulationsmodi

```bash

VT100 mode

xterm -tn vt100

VT220 mode

xterm -tn vt220

Linux console mode

xterm -tn linux

Set terminal type

export TERM=xterm-256color ```_

Protokollierung und Sitzungsaufzeichnung

```bash

Enable logging

xterm -l -lf ~/xterm.log

Logging with timestamp

xterm -l -lf ~/xterm-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log

Session recording with script

script -f ~/session.log

Then start xterm within the script session

```_

Sicherheitsmerkmale

```bash

Disable dangerous features

XTermallowSendEvents: false XTermallowWindowOps: false XTermallowTitleOps: false XTermallowFontOps: false

Secure keyboard input

XTerm*secureKeyboard: true

XTerm*omitTranslation: popup-menu ```_

Anwendungsbeispiele

Farbschemata

```bash

Solarized Light

XTermbackground: #fdf6e3 XTermforeground: #657b83 XTermfadeColor: #fdf6e3 XTermcursorColor: #586e75 XTermpointerColorBackground: #93a1a1 XTermpointerColorForeground: #586e75

Monokai

XTermbackground: #272822 XTermforeground: #f8f8f2 XTermcursorColor: #f8f8f0 XTermcolor0: #272822 XTermcolor1: #f92672 XTermcolor2: #a6e22e XTermcolor3: #f4bf75 XTermcolor4: #66d9ef XTermcolor5: #ae81ff XTermcolor6: #a1efe4 XTerm*color7: #f8f8f2

Gruvbox Dark

XTermbackground: #282828 XTermforeground: #ebdbb2 XTermcolor0: #282828 XTermcolor1: #cc241d XTermcolor2: #98971a XTermcolor3: #d79921 XTermcolor4: #458588 XTermcolor5: #b16286 XTermcolor6: #689d6a XTermcolor7: #a89984 ```_

Schriftkonfigurationen

```bash

Bitmap fonts

XTermfont: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1 XTermboldFont: -misc-fixed-bold-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1

TrueType fonts

XTermfaceName: Inconsolata:size=12 XTermfaceSize: 12 XTerm*renderFont: true

Multiple font sizes

XTermfaceSize1: 8 XTermfaceSize2: 10 XTermfaceSize3: 12 XTermfaceSize4: 14 XTermfaceSize5: 16 XTermfaceSize6: 18 ```_

Integration von Windows

```bash

Window class and name

XTermiconName: Terminal XTermtitle: xterm XTerm*geometry: 80x24+0+0

Window manager hints

XTermallowWindowOps: true XTermdisallowedWindowOps: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,18,19

Session management

XTerm*sessionMgt: true ```_

Fehlerbehebung

Gemeinsame Themen

```bash

Font problems

xlsfonts|grep fixed # List available fonts xterm -fn fixed # Use basic fixed font fc-list : family|grep Mono # List monospace fonts

Color issues

echo $TERM # Check terminal type tput colors # Check color support xterm -tn xterm-256color # Force 256 color mode

Clipboard problems

xclip -version # Check if xclip is installed xsel --version # Check if xsel is installed echo $DISPLAY # Verify X11 display

Locale issues

locale # Check current locale xterm -u8 # Enable UTF-8 mode export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # Set UTF-8 locale ```_

Leistungsoptimierung

```bash

Disable unnecessary features

XTermjumpScroll: true XTermmultiScroll: true XTerm*fastScroll: true

Reduce resource usage

XTermsaveLines: 1000 # Limit scrollback XTermvisualBell: false # Disable visual bell XTerm*toolBar: false # Disable toolbar

Font rendering optimization

XTermrenderFont: true XTermantialias: true XTerm*faceSize: 11 ```_

Debugging

```bash

Debug mode

xterm -debug 1

Verbose output

xterm -verbose

Check resources

xrdb -query|grep -i xterm

Test configuration

xterm -xrm "XTerm*background: red" -geometry 40x10 ```_

Integration mit anderen Tools

Terminal Multiplexer

```bash

With tmux

xterm -e tmux

With screen

xterm -e screen

With specific session

xterm -e "tmux attach-session -t main" ```_

Integration von Shell

```bash

Specific shell

xterm -e bash xterm -e zsh xterm -e fish

xterm -ls

Execute command and exit

xterm -e "ls -la; read" ```_

Fenstermanager Scripts

```bash

!/bin/bash

Launch multiple xterm windows

xterm -geometry 80x24+0+0 -title "Main" & xterm -geometry 80x24+400+0 -title "Logs" -e "tail -f /var/log/syslog" & xterm -geometry 80x24+0+300 -title "Monitor" -e "htop" & ```_

Best Practices

Konfigurationsmanagement

```bash

Use version control for configs

cd ~ git init git add .Xresources git commit -m "Initial xterm configuration"

Backup configurations

cp ~/.Xresources ~/.Xresources.backup ```_

Sicherheitsüberlegungen

```bash

Disable dangerous operations

XTermallowSendEvents: false XTermallowWindowOps: false XTerm*allowTitleOps: false

Use secure keyboard mode

XTerm*secureKeyboard: true

Limit font operations

XTerm*allowFontOps: false ```_

Leistungsspitzen

```bash

Optimize for speed

XTermjumpScroll: true XTermmultiScroll: true XTerm*fastScroll: true

Limit resource usage

XTermsaveLines: 2000 XTermbuffered: true ```_

xterm bleibt der Goldstandard für Terminal-Emulation in Unix-ähnlichen Systemen, bietet unvergleichliche Anpassung und Kompatibilität. Seine umfangreichen Feature-Set- und Konfigurationsoptionen machen es für alles von grundlegender Kommandozeilenarbeit bis hin zu komplexen Entwicklungsumgebungen geeignet. Xterms Fähigkeiten und Konfigurationsoptionen zu verstehen ist für jeden ernsthaften Unix/Linux-Benutzer unerlässlich.

xterm - X Window System Terminal Emulator

Installation

Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)

Linux (Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora)

or on older systems:

Linux (Arch)

macOS (mit X11)

Install XQuartz first, then:

FreeBSD

Basisnutzung

Starting xterm

Basic xterm window

Start with specific title

Start with specific geometry

Start with specific font

Start in fullscreen

Kommandozeilenoptionen

Display options

Font options

Color options

Scrolling options

Logging options

Keyboard Shortcuts

Textauswahl und Zwischenablage

Text selection

Clipboard operations

Traditional X11 clipboard

Fenster- und Schriftsteuerung

Font size control

Window operations

Scrolling

Scrollback navigation

Terminal Control

Terminal reset and clear

Process control

Mouse Operationen

Kontextmenüs

Main menu (Ctrl + Left Click)

VT Options menu (Ctrl + Middle Click)

VT Fonts menu (Ctrl + Right Click)

Auswahlmodus

Selection types

Extended selection

Konfiguration

Konfiguration der Befehlszeile

Resource file options

Multiple resources

X Ressourcenkonfiguration (~/.Xresources)

X Ressourcen anwenden

Load resources

Load and replace all resources

View current resources

Remove all resources

Erweiterte Funktionen

Unicode und Internationalisierung

UTF-8 support

Locale-specific startup

Font configuration for Unicode

Terminal Emulationsmodi

VT100 mode

VT220 mode

Linux console mode

Set terminal type

Protokollierung und Sitzungsaufzeichnung

Enable logging

Logging with timestamp

Session recording with script

Then start xterm within the script session

Sicherheitsmerkmale

Disable dangerous features

Secure keyboard input

Disable menu access

Anwendungsbeispiele

Farbschemata

Solarized Light

Monokai

Gruvbox Dark

Schriftkonfigurationen

Bitmap fonts

TrueType fonts