Vagrant¶
Umfassende HashiCorp Vagrant-Befehle und Workflows für Entwicklungsumgebungsmanagement und virtuelle maschinelle Bereitstellung.
Installation und Inbetriebnahme¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant version |
Show Vagrant version |
vagrant -h |
Show help information |
vagrant init |
Initialize new Vagrantfile |
vagrant init ubuntu/jammy64 |
Initialize with specific box |
Box Management¶
Box Operationen¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant box list |
List installed boxes |
vagrant box add ubuntu/jammy64 |
Add box |
vagrant box add --name mybox /path/to/box.box |
Add local box |
vagrant box remove ubuntu/jammy64 |
Remove box |
vagrant box update |
Update all boxes |
vagrant box update --box ubuntu/jammy64 |
Update specific box |
Box Information¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant box outdated |
Check for outdated boxes |
vagrant box prune |
Remove old box versions |
vagrant box repackage ubuntu/jammy64 |
Repackage box |
VM Lebenszyklusmanagement¶
Grundgeschäfte¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant up |
Start and provision VM |
vagrant halt |
Shutdown VM |
vagrant reload |
Restart VM |
vagrant destroy |
Destroy VM |
vagrant suspend |
Suspend VM |
vagrant resume |
Resume suspended VM |
VM Status und Informationen¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant status |
Show VM status |
vagrant global-status |
Show all VMs status |
vagrant global-status --prune |
Clean up invalid entries |
SSH und Zugang¶
SSH Operationen¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant ssh |
SSH into VM |
vagrant ssh-config |
Show SSH configuration |
vagrant ssh -- -L 8080:localhost:80 |
SSH with port forwarding |
Bereitstellung¶
Vorläufige Befehle¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant provision |
Run provisioners |
vagrant provision --provision-with shell |
Run specific provisioner |
vagrant up --provision |
Start and provision |
vagrant reload --provision |
Restart and provision |
Multi-Machine Umgebungen¶
Multi-Machine Befehle¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant up web |
Start specific machine |
vagrant ssh web |
SSH to specific machine |
vagrant halt db |
Halt specific machine |
vagrant destroy --force |
Destroy all without confirmation |
Fingern¶
Snapshot Management¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant snapshot save snapshot_name |
Save snapshot |
vagrant snapshot list |
List snapshots |
vagrant snapshot restore snapshot_name |
Restore snapshot |
vagrant snapshot delete snapshot_name |
Delete snapshot |
Plugin Management¶
Plugins¶
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
vagrant plugin list |
List installed plugins |
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest |
Install plugin |
vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguest |
Uninstall plugin |
vagrant plugin update |
Update all plugins |
Vagrantfile Beispiele¶
Basic Vagrantfile¶
```ruby Vagrant.configure("2") do|config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64" config.vm.hostname = "myserver"
# Network configuration config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10" config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Provider configuration config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb| vb.memory = "2048" vb.cpus = 2 vb.name = "MyVM" end
# Provisioning config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL apt-get update apt-get install -y nginx systemctl enable nginx systemctl start nginx SHELL end ```_
Multi-Machine Setup¶
```ruby Vagrant.configure("2") do|config| # Web server config.vm.define "web" do|web| web.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64" web.vm.hostname = "web" web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
vb.memory = "1024"
vb.cpus = 1
end
web.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
apt-get update
apt-get install -y nginx
SHELL
end
# Database server config.vm.define "db" do|db| db.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64" db.vm.hostname = "database" db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"
db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
vb.memory = "2048"
vb.cpus = 2
end
db.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
apt-get update
apt-get install -y mysql-server
SHELL
end end ```_
Erweiterte Konfiguration¶
```ruby Vagrant.configure("2") do|config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64" config.vm.box_version = "20230607.0.0"
# Synced folders config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html", owner: "www-data", group: "www-data"
# Network configuration config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10", netmask: "255.255.255.0"
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"
# Port forwarding config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443
# Provider-specific configuration config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb| vb.gui = false vb.memory = "4096" vb.cpus = 4 vb.name = "Development Server"
# VirtualBox specific settings
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
end
# Multiple provisioners config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL apt-get update apt-get upgrade -y SHELL
config.vm.provision "file", source: "./configs/nginx.conf", destination: "/tmp/nginx.conf"
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/setup.sh"
config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible| ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml" ansible.inventory_path = "inventory" end end ```_
Vorläufige Methoden¶
Shell Provisioning¶
```ruby
Inline shell commands¶
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL apt-get update apt-get install -y docker.io usermod -aG docker vagrant SHELL
External script¶
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/bootstrap.sh"
Privileged and non-privileged¶
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL echo "Running as vagrant user" SHELL
Environment variables¶
config.vm.provision "shell", env: \\{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND" => "noninteractive"\\}, inline: <<-SHELL apt-get install -y mysql-server SHELL ```_
Dateivorgabe¶
```ruby config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub", destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
config.vm.provision "file", source: "./configs/", destination: "/tmp/configs" ```_
Mögliche Bereitstellung¶
```ruby config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible| ansible.playbook = "site.yml" ansible.inventory_path = "inventory/vagrant" ansible.limit = "all" ansible.verbose = "v"
ansible.extra_vars = \\{ nginx_port: 80, database_name: "myapp" \\} end ```_
Docker Provisioning¶
```ruby config.vm.provision "docker" do|d| d.pull_images "nginx" d.pull_images "mysql:8.0"
d.run "nginx", args: "-p 80:80 -v /vagrant/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"
d.run "mysql", args: "-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret -p 3306:3306" end ```_
Netzwerkkonfiguration¶
Private Netzwerke¶
```ruby
Static IP¶
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
DHCP¶
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"
Multiple interfaces¶
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10" config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10" ```_
Öffentliche Netze¶
```ruby
Bridge to default interface¶
config.vm.network "public_network"
Bridge to specific interface¶
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"
Static IP on public network¶
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100" ```_
Port Forwarding¶
```ruby
Basic port forwarding¶
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
Multiple ports¶
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443 config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3306
Auto-correct port conflicts¶
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true ```_
Konfiguration des Anbieters¶
VirtualBox Provider¶
```ruby config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb| vb.gui = true vb.memory = "4096" vb.cpus = 4 vb.name = "MyVM"
# Advanced settings vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "128"] vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--accelerate3d", "on"] vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"] end ```_
VMware Provider¶
ruby
config.vm.provider "vmware_desktop" do|vmware|
vmware.vmx["memsize"] = "4096"
vmware.vmx["numvcpus"] = "4"
vmware.vmx["displayName"] = "MyVM"
end_
Hyper-V-Anbieter¶
ruby
config.vm.provider "hyperv" do|hv|
hv.memory = 4096
hv.cpus = 4
hv.vmname = "MyVM"
end_
Synthetische Ordner¶
Basic Synthetische Ordner¶
```ruby
Default synced folder (disabled)¶
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
Custom synced folder¶
config.vm.synced_folder "./src", "/var/www/html"
With options¶
config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html", owner: "www-data", group: "www-data", mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=664"] ```_
NFS Synced Folders¶
ruby
config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
type: "nfs",
nfs_udp: false,
nfs_version: 4_
SMB Synced Folders (Windows)¶
ruby
config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant",
type: "smb",
smb_username: "username",
smb_password: "password"_
Best Practices¶
Leistungsoptimierung¶
- Resource Allocation: Zuordnung geeigneter CPU und Speicher
- **Synced Folders*: Verwenden Sie NFS für bessere Leistung auf macOS/Linux
- Box Auswahl: Wählen Sie minimale Basisboxen
- Snapshot Management: Schnappschüsse für schnelle Rollbacks verwenden
- **Provider Optimierung*: anbieterspezifische Optimierungen konfigurieren
Sicherheit¶
- **SSH Schlüssel*: Verwenden Sie SSH-Tasten anstelle von Passwörtern
- ** Netzisolierung**: Verwenden Sie private Netzwerke, wenn möglich
- Firewall: Konfigurieren geeigneter Firewall-Regeln
- **Updates*: Boxen und Vagrant aktualisieren
- **Secrets*: Begehen Sie keine Geheimnisse zur Versionskontrolle
Entwicklungs-Workflow¶
- Version Control: Vagrantfile in Versionskontrolle enthalten
- ** Aussprache**: Dokumentenaufbau und -nutzung
- Konsistenz: Gleiche Umgebung im Team nutzen
- Test: Testvorbereitungsskripte
- Cleanup: Regelmäßig ungenutzte VMs und Boxen aufräumen
Fehlerbehebung¶
- **Logs*: Vagrant und Providerlogs überprüfen
- SSH: Verwendung
vagrant ssh-configfür Debugging - Networking: Testnetzwerk-Konnektivität
- Provisioning: Testbereitstellungsskripte getrennt
- ** Ressourcen**: Host-Systemressourcen überwachen