Vagrant¶

Umfassende HashiCorp Vagrant Befehle und Workflows für Entwicklungsumgebungsmanagement und virtuelle Maschinenbereitstellung.

Installation & Einrichtung¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant version`	Zeige Vagrant-Version
`vagrant -h`	Hilfe-Informationen anzeigen
`vagrant init`	Neue Vagrantfile initialisieren
`vagrant init ubuntu/jammy64`	Mit spezifischer Box initialisieren
## Box-Verwaltung

Box-Operationen¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant box list`	Installierte Boxen auflisten
`vagrant box add ubuntu/jammy64`	Box hinzufügen
`vagrant box add --name mybox /path/to/box.box`	Lokale Box hinzufügen
`vagrant box remove ubuntu/jammy64`	Box entfernen
`vagrant box update`	Alle Boxen aktualisieren
`vagrant box update --box ubuntu/jammy64`	Bestimmte Box aktualisieren
### Box-Informationen
Befehl	Beschreibung
---------	-------------
`vagrant box outdated`	Auf veraltete Boxen prüfen
`vagrant box prune`	Alte Box-Versionen entfernen
`vagrant box repackage ubuntu/jammy64`	Box neu verpacken
## VM-Lebenszyklus-Management

Grundlegende Operationen¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant up`	VM starten und bereitstellen
`vagrant halt`	Shutdown VM
`vagrant reload`	VM neu starten
`vagrant destroy`	VM zerstören
`vagrant suspend`	VM aussetzen
`vagrant resume`	Gestoppte VM fortsetzen
### VM-Status und Informationen
Befehl	Beschreibung
---------	-------------
`vagrant status`	VM-Status anzeigen
`vagrant global-status`	Status aller VMs anzeigen
`vagrant global-status --prune`	Ungültige Einträge bereinigen
## SSH und Zugriff

SSH-Operationen¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant ssh`	SSH in die VM
`vagrant ssh-config`	SSH-Konfiguration anzeigen
`vagrant ssh -- -L 8080:localhost:80`	SSH mit Port-Weiterleitung
## Bereitstellung

Bereitstellungsbefehle¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant provision`	Provisioner ausführen
`vagrant provision --provision-with shell`	Bestimmten Provisioner ausführen
`vagrant up --provision`	Starten und bereitstellen
`vagrant reload --provision`	Neu starten und bereitstellen
## Multi-Maschinen-Umgebungen

Multi-Maschinen-Befehle¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant up web`	Starte spezifische Maschine
`vagrant ssh web`	SSH zu bestimmter Maschine
`vagrant halt db`	Stopp spezifische Maschine
`vagrant destroy --force`	Zerstöre alle ohne Bestätigung
## Snapshots

Snapshot-Verwaltung¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant snapshot save snapshot_name`	Schnappschuss speichern
`vagrant snapshot list`	Snapshots auflisten
`vagrant snapshot restore snapshot_name`	Snapshot wiederherstellen
`vagrant snapshot delete snapshot_name`	Snapshot löschen
## Plugin-Verwaltung

Plugin-Operationen¶

Befehl	Beschreibung
`vagrant plugin list`	Installierte Plugins auflisten
`vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest`	Plugin installieren
`vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguest`	Plugin deinstallieren
`vagrant plugin update`	Alle Plugins aktualisieren
## Vagrantfile-Beispiele

Basis-Vagrantfile¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.hostname = "myserver"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Provider configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.cpus = 2
    vb.name = "MyVM"
  end

  # Provisioning
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y nginx
    systemctl enable nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  SHELL
end

Multi-Maschinen-Setup¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  # Web server
  config.vm.define "web" do|web|
    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "1024"
      vb.cpus = 1
    end

    web.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y nginx
    SHELL
  end

  # Database server
  config.vm.define "db" do|db|
    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    db.vm.hostname = "database"
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"

    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
      vb.memory = "2048"
      vb.cpus = 2
    end

    db.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      apt-get update
      apt-get install -y mysql-server
    SHELL
  end
end

Erweiterte Konfiguration¶

Vagrant.configure("2") do|config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
  config.vm.box_version = "20230607.0.0"

  # Synced folders
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
  config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html",
    owner: "www-data", group: "www-data"

  # Network configuration
  config.vm.network "private_network",
    ip: "192.168.56.10",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"

  config.vm.network "public_network",
    bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

  # Port forwarding
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443

  # Provider-specific configuration
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb|
    vb.gui = false
    vb.memory = "4096"
    vb.cpus = 4
    vb.name = "Development Server"

    # VirtualBox specific settings
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
  end

  # Multiple provisioners
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get upgrade -y
  SHELL

  config.vm.provision "file",
    source: "./configs/nginx.conf",
    destination: "/tmp/nginx.conf"

  config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/setup.sh"

  config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
    ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
    ansible.inventory_path = "inventory"
  end
end

Bereitstellungsmethoden¶

Shell-Bereitstellung¶

# Inline shell commands
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get update
  apt-get install -y docker.io
  usermod -aG docker vagrant
SHELL

# External script
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "scripts/bootstrap.sh"

# Privileged and non-privileged
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL
  echo "Running as vagrant user"
SHELL

# Environment variables
config.vm.provision "shell", env: \\\\{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND" => "noninteractive"\\\\}, inline: <<-SHELL
  apt-get install -y mysql-server
SHELL

Datei-Bereitstellung¶

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub",
  destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

config.vm.provision "file",
  source: "./configs/",
  destination: "/tmp/configs"

Ansible-Bereitstellung¶

config.vm.provision "ansible" do|ansible|
  ansible.playbook = "site.yml"
  ansible.inventory_path = "inventory/vagrant"
  ansible.limit = "all"
  ansible.verbose = "v"

  ansible.extra_vars = \\\\{
    nginx_port: 80,
    database_name: "myapp"
  \\\\}
end

Docker-Bereitstellung¶

config.vm.provision "docker" do|d|
  d.pull_images "nginx"
  d.pull_images "mysql:8.0"

  d.run "nginx",
    args: "-p 80:80 -v /vagrant/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"

  d.run "mysql",
    args: "-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret -p 3306:3306"
end

Netzwerkkonfiguration¶

Private Netzwerke¶

# Static IP
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

# DHCP
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"

# Multiple interfaces
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10"

Öffentliche Netzwerke¶

Would you like me to continue with the remaining translations or provide more details for the empty sections?```ruby

Bridge to default interface¶

config.vm.network "public_network"

Bridge to specific interface¶

config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

Static IP on public network¶

config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100" **Ressourcenzuweisung**: Geeignete CPU und Arbeitsspeicher zuweisenruby

Basic port forwarding¶

config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

Multiple ports¶

config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 443, host: 8443 config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3306

Auto-correct port conflicts¶

config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true **Synchronisierte Ordner**: NFS für bessere Leistung auf macOS/Linux verwendenruby config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do|vb| vb.gui = true vb.memory = "4096" vb.cpus = 4 vb.name = "MyVM"

# Advanced settings vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "128"] vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--accelerate3d", "on"] vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"] end **Box-Auswahl**: Minimale Basis-Boxen wählenruby config.vm.provider "vmware_desktop" do|vmware| vmware.vmx["memsize"] = "4096" vmware.vmx["numvcpus"] = "4" vmware.vmx["displayName"] = "MyVM" end **Snapshot-Management**: Snapshots für schnelle Rollbacks verwendenruby config.vm.provider "hyperv" do|hv| hv.memory = 4096 hv.cpus = 4 hv.vmname = "MyVM" end ```Provider-Optimierung: Anbieterspezifische Optimierungen konfigurieren

Sicherheit```ruby¶

Default synced folder (disabled)¶

config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true

Custom synced folder¶

config.vm.synced_folder "./src", "/var/www/html"

With options¶

config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html", owner: "www-data", group: "www-data", mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=664"] **SSH-Schlüssel**: SSH-Schlüssel statt Passwörter verwendenruby config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant", type: "nfs", nfs_udp: false, nfs_version: 4 **Netzwerkisolation**: Private Netzwerke verwenden, wenn möglichruby config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/vagrant", type: "smb", smb_username: "username", smb_password: "password" ``**Firewall**: Geeignete Firewall-Regeln konfigurierenvagrant ssh-config`Updates: Boxen und Vagrant aktuell halten