tmux Cheatsheet

Überblick

tmux (terminal Multiplexer) ist ein Tool, mit dem Sie mehrere Terminalsitzungen innerhalb eines einzigen Terminalfensters ausführen können. Es ermöglicht Ihnen, Sitzungen zu lösen und neu anzubringen, so dass es perfekt für Remote-Arbeit und Langlauf-Prozesse.

Installation

Paketmanager

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install tmux

# macOS
brew install tmux

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install tmux

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S tmux

# From source
git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
cd tmux && ./configure && make && sudo make install
```_

## Grundkonzepte

### Terminologie

Session # A collection of windows Window # A single terminal screen Pane # A subdivision of a window Prefix # Default Ctrl+b (customizable)


### Sitzung Hierarchie

Session ├── Window 1 │ ├── Pane 1 │ └── Pane 2 ├── Window 2 │ └── Pane 1 └── Window 3 ├── Pane 1 ├── Pane 2 └── Pane 3


## Basisnutzung

### Anfang tmux
```bash
# Start new session
tmux

# Start named session
tmux new-session -s mysession
tmux new -s mysession

# Start session with specific window name
tmux new -s mysession -n mywindow

# Start detached session
tmux new -d -s mysession
```_

### Sitzungsmanagement
```bash
# List sessions
tmux list-sessions
tmux ls

# Attach to session
tmux attach-session -t mysession
tmux attach -t mysession
tmux a -t mysession

# Detach from session
# Inside tmux: Ctrl+b d

# Kill session
tmux kill-session -t mysession

# Kill all sessions
tmux kill-server
```_

## Schlüsselbindungen (Standard-Präfix: Ctrl+b)

### Sitzungsbefehle

Prefix + d # Detach from session Prefix + s # List sessions Prefix + $ # Rename session Prefix + ( # Previous session Prefix + ) # Next session


### Fensterbefehle

Prefix + c # Create new window Prefix + n # Next window Prefix + p # Previous window Prefix + l # Last window Prefix + w # List windows Prefix + & # Kill window Prefix + , # Rename window Prefix + 0-9 # Switch to window by number Prefix + f # Find window


### Pane Commands

Prefix + % # Split horizontally Prefix + " # Split vertically Prefix + o # Switch to next pane Prefix + ; # Switch to last pane Prefix + x # Kill pane Prefix + ! # Break pane into window Prefix + z # Toggle pane zoom Prefix + \\{ # Move pane left Prefix + \\} # Move pane right Prefix + q # Show pane numbers Prefix + q 0-9 # Switch to pane by number


### Paneel Navigation

Prefix + ↑ # Move to pane above Prefix + ↓ # Move to pane below Prefix + ← # Move to pane left Prefix + → # Move to pane right


### Paneel-Reduktion

Prefix + Ctrl+↑ # Resize pane up Prefix + Ctrl+↓ # Resize pane down Prefix + Ctrl+← # Resize pane left Prefix + Ctrl+→ # Resize pane right

Alternative (hold Prefix)

Prefix + Alt+↑ # Resize pane up (5 lines) Prefix + Alt+↓ # Resize pane down (5 lines) Prefix + Alt+← # Resize pane left (5 columns) Prefix + Alt+→ # Resize pane right (5 columns)


## Kopiermodus

### Geben Sie den Kopiermodus

Prefix + [ # Enter copy mode


### Kopiermodus Navigation

h, j, k, l # Move cursor (vim-style) Arrow keys # Move cursor w # Next word b # Previous word 0 # Beginning of line $ # End of line g # Go to top G # Go to bottom Ctrl+f # Page down Ctrl+b # Page up / # Search forward ? # Search backward n # Next search result N # Previous search result


### Auswahl des Modus kopieren

Space # Start selection Enter # Copy selection and exit Escape # Exit copy mode v # Start selection (vi mode) y # Copy selection (vi mode)


### Paste

Prefix + ] # Paste buffer ```_

Konfiguration

Konfigurationsdatei (~/.tmux.conf)

```bash

Basic settings

set -g default-terminal "screen-256color" set -g history-limit 10000 set -g base-index 1 setw -g pane-base-index 1

Change prefix key

unbind C-b set -g prefix C-a bind C-a send-prefix

Reload config

bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display "Config reloaded!"

Mouse support

set -g mouse on

Vi mode

setw -g mode-keys vi

Pane splitting

bind|split-window -h bind - split-window -v unbind '"' unbind %

bind h select-pane -L bind j select-pane -D bind k select-pane -U bind l select-pane -R

bind -n M-Left previous-window bind -n M-Right next-window

Pane resizing

bind -r H resize-pane -L 5 bind -r J resize-pane -D 5 bind -r K resize-pane -U 5 bind -r L resize-pane -R 5

Status bar

set -g status-bg black set -g status-fg white set -g status-left '#[fg=green]#S ' set -g status-right '#[fg=yellow]%Y-%m-%d %H:%M' set -g status-interval 60

Window status

setw -g window-status-current-style 'fg=black bg=white' setw -g window-status-style 'fg=white bg=black'

Pane borders

set -g pane-border-style 'fg=colour238' set -g pane-active-border-style 'fg=colour51' ```_

Erweiterte Konfiguration

```bash

Automatic window renaming

setw -g automatic-rename on set -g set-titles on

Activity monitoring

setw -g monitor-activity on set -g visual-activity on

Copy mode improvements

bind -T copy-mode-vi v send-keys -X begin-selection bind -T copy-mode-vi y send-keys -X copy-pipe-and-cancel 'xclip -in -selection clipboard' bind -T copy-mode-vi r send-keys -X rectangle-toggle

Synchronize panes

bind S setw synchronize-panes

Quick pane cycling

bind -n M-o select-pane -t :.+

Session management

bind C-s choose-session bind C-n new-session ```_

Erweiterte Funktionen

Sitzungsskription

```bash

Create session with multiple windows

tmux new-session -d -s development tmux new-window -t development -n editor 'vim' tmux new-window -t development -n server 'cd ~/project && npm start' tmux split-window -t development:server -h 'cd ~/project && npm run watch' tmux attach-session -t development ```_

Tmux Scripts

```bash

!/bin/bash

dev-session.sh

SESSION="development"

Check if session exists

tmux has-session -t $SESSION 2>/dev/null

if [ $? != 0 ]; then # Create new session tmux new-session -d -s $SESSION

# Setup windows
tmux rename-window -t $SESSION:1 'editor'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:1 'cd ~/project && vim' C-m

tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'server'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m

tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'git'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:3 'cd ~/project && git status' C-m

# Split server window
tmux split-window -t $SESSION:2 -h
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2.2 'cd ~/project && npm run watch' C-m

fi

Attach to session

tmux attach-session -t $SESSION ```_

Tmuxin

```bash

Install tmuxinator

gem install tmuxinator

Create project

tmuxinator new myproject

Example tmuxinator config (~/.tmuxinator/myproject.yml)

name: myproject root: ~/projects/myproject

windows: - editor: layout: main-vertical panes: - vim - guard - server: bundle exec rails s - logs: tail -f log/development.log ```_

Plugins

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)

```bash

Install TPM

git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm

Add to ~/.tmux.conf

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tpm' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sensible' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum'

Initialize TPM (add to bottom of .tmux.conf)

run '~/.tmux/plugins/tpm/tpm'

Install plugins: Prefix + I

Update plugins: Prefix + U

Remove plugins: Prefix + alt + u

```_

Beliebte Plugins

```bash

tmux-resurrect - save/restore sessions

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect'

Save: Prefix + Ctrl+s

Restore: Prefix + Ctrl+r

tmux-continuum - automatic save/restore

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum' set -g @continuum-restore 'on'

tmux-yank - copy to system clipboard

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-yank'

tmux-pain-control - better pane management

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-pain-control'

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sidebar'

Toggle: Prefix + Tab

```_

Kommandozeilenschnittstelle

Sitzungsmanagement

```bash

Create session with command

tmux new-session -d -s mysession 'htop'

Send commands to session

tmux send-keys -t mysession 'ls -la' C-m

Capture pane content

tmux capture-pane -t mysession -p

List windows in session

tmux list-windows -t mysession

List panes in window

tmux list-panes -t mysession:1 ```_

Scripting Beispiele

```bash

Create development environment

create_dev_env() \\{ local session="dev-$(date +%s)" tmux new-session -d -s "$session" tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project' C-m tmux split-window -t "$session" -h tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m tmux select-pane -t "$session":0 tmux attach-session -t "$session" \\}

Kill all sessions except current

kill_other_sessions() \\{ local current=$(tmux display-message -p '#S') tmux list-sessions -F '#\\{session_name\\}'|\ grep -v "^$current$"|\ xargs -I \\{\\} tmux kill-session -t \\{\\} \\} ```_

Tipps und Tricks

Produktivität Tipps

```bash

Quick session switching

bind -n M-1 switch-client -t session1 bind -n M-2 switch-client -t session2

Broadcast to all panes

bind a setw synchronize-panes

Quick layouts

Prefix + Space # Cycle through layouts Prefix + Alt+1 # Even horizontal Prefix + Alt+2 # Even vertical Prefix + Alt+3 # Main horizontal Prefix + Alt+4 # Main vertical Prefix + Alt+5 # Tiled

Zoom pane

Prefix + z # Toggle pane zoom

Break pane to new window

Prefix + ! # Break pane out

Join pane from another window

bind j command-prompt -p "join pane from:" "join-pane -s '%%'" ```_

Nützliche Alias

```bash

Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc

alias ta='tmux attach' alias tls='tmux list-sessions' alias tn='tmux new-session' alias tk='tmux kill-session'

Function to create or attach to session

tm() \\{ | [[ -n "$TMUX" ]] && change="switch-client" | | change="attach-session" | if [ $1 ]; then | tmux $change -t "$1" 2>/dev/null | | (tmux new-session -d -s $1 && tmux $change -t "$1"); return | fi | session=$(tmux list-sessions -F "#\\{session_name\\}" 2>/dev/null | fzf --exit-0) && tmux $change -t "$session" | | echo "No sessions found." | \\} ```_

Fehlerbehebung

Gemeinsame Themen

```bash

Fix 256 color support

export TERM=screen-256color

Fix clipboard issues

Install xclip (Linux) or reattach-to-user-namespace (macOS)

Reset tmux completely

tmux kill-server

Check tmux version

tmux -V

Validate configuration

tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf ```_

Leistung

```bash

Reduce escape time

set -sg escape-time 0

Increase history limit

set -g history-limit 50000

Refresh status bar less frequently

set -g status-interval 5 ```_

Integration

Mit Vim/Neovim

```bash

vim-tmux-navigator plugin

| bind -n C-h run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}' | grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-h) | | tmux select-pane -L" | | bind -n C-j run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}' | grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-j) | | tmux select-pane -D" | | bind -n C-k run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}' | grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-k) | | tmux select-pane -U" | | bind -n C-l run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}' | grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-l) | | tmux select-pane -R" | ```_

Mit SSH

```bash

Auto-attach to tmux on SSH

Add to ~/.bashrc on remote server

if [[ -z "$TMUX" ]] && [ "$SSH_CONNECTION" != "" ]; then | tmux attach-session -t ssh_tmux | | tmux new-session -s ssh_tmux | fi ```_

Ressourcen

*offizielle Dokumentation: [github.com/tmux/tmux](__LINK_3___
Manual*: man tmux_
Wiki: [github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki](__LINK_3___
*Awesome tmux: [github.com/rothgar/awesome-tmux](_LINK_3__

tmux Cheatsheet

Überblick

Installation

Paketmanager

Alternative (hold Prefix)

Konfiguration

Konfigurationsdatei (~/.tmux.conf)

Basic settings

Change prefix key

Reload config

Mouse support

Vi mode

Pane splitting

Pane navigation (vim-style)

Window navigation

Pane resizing

Status bar

Window status

Pane borders

Erweiterte Konfiguration

Automatic window renaming

Activity monitoring

Copy mode improvements

Synchronize panes

Quick pane cycling

Session management

Erweiterte Funktionen

Sitzungsskription

Create session with multiple windows

Tmux Scripts

!/bin/bash

dev-session.sh

Check if session exists

Attach to session

Tmuxin

Install tmuxinator

Create project

Example tmuxinator config (~/.tmuxinator/myproject.yml)

Plugins

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)

Install TPM

Add to ~/.tmux.conf

Initialize TPM (add to bottom of .tmux.conf)

Install plugins: Prefix + I

Update plugins: Prefix + U

Remove plugins: Prefix + alt + u

Beliebte Plugins

tmux-resurrect - save/restore sessions

Save: Prefix + Ctrl+s

Restore: Prefix + Ctrl+r

tmux-continuum - automatic save/restore

tmux-yank - copy to system clipboard

tmux-pain-control - better pane management

tmux-sidebar - file tree sidebar

Toggle: Prefix + Tab

Kommandozeilenschnittstelle

Sitzungsmanagement

Create session with command

Send commands to session

Capture pane content

List windows in session

List panes in window

Scripting Beispiele

Create development environment

Kill all sessions except current

Tipps und Tricks

Produktivität Tipps

Quick session switching

Broadcast to all panes

Quick layouts

Zoom pane

Break pane to new window

Join pane from another window

Nützliche Alias

Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc

Function to create or attach to session

Fehlerbehebung

Gemeinsame Themen

Fix 256 color support

Fix clipboard issues