tmux Cheatsheet¶

Überblick¶

tmux (terminal Multiplexer) ist ein Tool, mit dem Sie mehrere Terminalsitzungen innerhalb eines einzigen Terminalfensters ausführen können. Es ermöglicht Ihnen, Sitzungen zu lösen und neu anzubringen, so dass es perfekt für Remote-Arbeit und Langlauf-Prozesse.

Installation¶

Paketmanager¶

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install tmux

# macOS
brew install tmux

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install tmux

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S tmux

# From source
git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
cd tmux && ./configure && make && sudo make install
```_

## Grundkonzepte

### Terminologie

Session # A collection of windows Window # A single terminal screen Pane # A subdivision of a window Prefix # Default Ctrl+b (customizable)

### Sitzung Hierarchie

Session ├── Window 1 │ ├── Pane 1 │ └── Pane 2 ├── Window 2 │ └── Pane 1 └── Window 3 ├── Pane 1 ├── Pane 2 └── Pane 3

## Basisnutzung

### Anfang tmux
```bash
# Start new session
tmux

# Start named session
tmux new-session -s mysession
tmux new -s mysession

# Start session with specific window name
tmux new -s mysession -n mywindow

# Start detached session
tmux new -d -s mysession
```_

### Sitzungsmanagement
```bash
# List sessions
tmux list-sessions
tmux ls

# Attach to session
tmux attach-session -t mysession
tmux attach -t mysession
tmux a -t mysession

# Detach from session
# Inside tmux: Ctrl+b d

# Kill session
tmux kill-session -t mysession

# Kill all sessions
tmux kill-server
```_

## Schlüsselbindungen (Standard-Präfix: Ctrl+b)

### Sitzungsbefehle

Prefix + d # Detach from session Prefix + s # List sessions Prefix + $ # Rename session Prefix + ( # Previous session Prefix + ) # Next session

### Fensterbefehle

Prefix + c # Create new window Prefix + n # Next window Prefix + p # Previous window Prefix + l # Last window Prefix + w # List windows Prefix + & # Kill window Prefix + , # Rename window Prefix + 0-9 # Switch to window by number Prefix + f # Find window

### Pane Commands

Prefix + % # Split horizontally Prefix + " # Split vertically Prefix + o # Switch to next pane Prefix + ; # Switch to last pane Prefix + x # Kill pane Prefix + ! # Break pane into window Prefix + z # Toggle pane zoom Prefix + \\{ # Move pane left Prefix + \\} # Move pane right Prefix + q # Show pane numbers Prefix + q 0-9 # Switch to pane by number

### Paneel Navigation

Prefix + ↑ # Move to pane above Prefix + ↓ # Move to pane below Prefix + ← # Move to pane left Prefix + → # Move to pane right

### Paneel-Reduktion

Prefix + Ctrl+↑ # Resize pane up Prefix + Ctrl+↓ # Resize pane down Prefix + Ctrl+← # Resize pane left Prefix + Ctrl+→ # Resize pane right

Alternative (hold Prefix)¶

Prefix + Alt+↑ # Resize pane up (5 lines) Prefix + Alt+↓ # Resize pane down (5 lines) Prefix + Alt+← # Resize pane left (5 columns) Prefix + Alt+→ # Resize pane right (5 columns)

## Kopiermodus

### Geben Sie den Kopiermodus

Prefix + [ # Enter copy mode

### Kopiermodus Navigation

h, j, k, l # Move cursor (vim-style) Arrow keys # Move cursor w # Next word b # Previous word 0 # Beginning of line $ # End of line g # Go to top G # Go to bottom Ctrl+f # Page down Ctrl+b # Page up / # Search forward ? # Search backward n # Next search result N # Previous search result

### Auswahl des Modus kopieren

Space # Start selection Enter # Copy selection and exit Escape # Exit copy mode v # Start selection (vi mode) y # Copy selection (vi mode)

### Paste

Prefix + ] # Paste buffer ```_

Konfiguration¶

Konfigurationsdatei (~/.tmux.conf)¶

```bash

Basic settings¶

set -g default-terminal "screen-256color" set -g history-limit 10000 set -g base-index 1 setw -g pane-base-index 1

Change prefix key¶

unbind C-b set -g prefix C-a bind C-a send-prefix

Reload config¶

bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display "Config reloaded!"

Mouse support¶

set -g mouse on

Vi mode¶

setw -g mode-keys vi

Pane splitting¶

bind|split-window -h bind - split-window -v unbind '"' unbind %

bind h select-pane -L bind j select-pane -D bind k select-pane -U bind l select-pane -R

bind -n M-Left previous-window bind -n M-Right next-window

Pane resizing¶

bind -r H resize-pane -L 5 bind -r J resize-pane -D 5 bind -r K resize-pane -U 5 bind -r L resize-pane -R 5

Status bar¶

set -g status-bg black set -g status-fg white set -g status-left '#[fg=green]#S ' set -g status-right '#[fg=yellow]%Y-%m-%d %H:%M' set -g status-interval 60

Window status¶

setw -g window-status-current-style 'fg=black bg=white' setw -g window-status-style 'fg=white bg=black'

Pane borders¶

set -g pane-border-style 'fg=colour238' set -g pane-active-border-style 'fg=colour51' ```_

Erweiterte Konfiguration¶

```bash

Automatic window renaming¶

setw -g automatic-rename on set -g set-titles on

Activity monitoring¶

setw -g monitor-activity on set -g visual-activity on

Copy mode improvements¶

bind -T copy-mode-vi v send-keys -X begin-selection bind -T copy-mode-vi y send-keys -X copy-pipe-and-cancel 'xclip -in -selection clipboard' bind -T copy-mode-vi r send-keys -X rectangle-toggle

Synchronize panes¶

bind S setw synchronize-panes

Quick pane cycling¶

bind -n M-o select-pane -t :.+

Session management¶

bind C-s choose-session bind C-n new-session ```_

Erweiterte Funktionen¶

Sitzungsskription¶

```bash

Create session with multiple windows¶

tmux new-session -d -s development tmux new-window -t development -n editor 'vim' tmux new-window -t development -n server 'cd ~/project && npm start' tmux split-window -t development:server -h 'cd ~/project && npm run watch' tmux attach-session -t development ```_

Tmux Scripts¶

```bash

!/bin/bash¶

dev-session.sh¶

SESSION="development"

Check if session exists¶

tmux has-session -t $SESSION 2>/dev/null

if [ $? != 0 ]; then # Create new session tmux new-session -d -s $SESSION

# Setup windows
tmux rename-window -t $SESSION:1 'editor'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:1 'cd ~/project && vim' C-m

tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'server'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m

tmux new-window -t $SESSION -n 'git'
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:3 'cd ~/project && git status' C-m

# Split server window
tmux split-window -t $SESSION:2 -h
tmux send-keys -t $SESSION:2.2 'cd ~/project && npm run watch' C-m

fi

Attach to session¶

tmux attach-session -t $SESSION ```_

Tmuxin¶

```bash

Install tmuxinator¶

gem install tmuxinator

Create project¶

tmuxinator new myproject

Example tmuxinator config (~/.tmuxinator/myproject.yml)¶

name: myproject root: ~/projects/myproject

windows: - editor: layout: main-vertical panes: - vim - guard - server: bundle exec rails s - logs: tail -f log/development.log ```_

Plugins¶

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)¶

```bash

Install TPM¶

git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm

Add to ~/.tmux.conf¶

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tpm' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sensible' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect' set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum'

Initialize TPM (add to bottom of .tmux.conf)¶

run '~/.tmux/plugins/tpm/tpm'

Install plugins: Prefix + I¶

Update plugins: Prefix + U¶

Remove plugins: Prefix + alt + u¶

```_

Beliebte Plugins¶

```bash

tmux-resurrect - save/restore sessions¶

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect'

Save: Prefix + Ctrl+s¶

Restore: Prefix + Ctrl+r¶

tmux-continuum - automatic save/restore¶

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-continuum' set -g @continuum-restore 'on'

tmux-yank - copy to system clipboard¶

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-yank'

tmux-pain-control - better pane management¶

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-pain-control'

set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-sidebar'

Toggle: Prefix + Tab¶

```_

Kommandozeilenschnittstelle¶

Sitzungsmanagement¶

```bash

Create session with command¶

tmux new-session -d -s mysession 'htop'

Send commands to session¶

tmux send-keys -t mysession 'ls -la' C-m

Capture pane content¶

tmux capture-pane -t mysession -p

List windows in session¶

tmux list-windows -t mysession

List panes in window¶

tmux list-panes -t mysession:1 ```_

Scripting Beispiele¶

```bash

Create development environment¶

create_dev_env() \\{ local session="dev-$(date +%s)" tmux new-session -d -s "$session" tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project' C-m tmux split-window -t "$session" -h tmux send-keys -t "$session" 'cd ~/project && npm start' C-m tmux select-pane -t "$session":0 tmux attach-session -t "$session" \\}

Kill all sessions except current¶

kill_other_sessions() \\{ local current=$(tmux display-message -p '#S') tmux list-sessions -F '#\\\\{session_name\\\\}'|\ grep -v "^$current$"|\ xargs -I \\{\\} tmux kill-session -t \\{\\} \\} ```_

Tipps und Tricks¶

Produktivität Tipps¶

```bash

Quick session switching¶

bind -n M-1 switch-client -t session1 bind -n M-2 switch-client -t session2

Broadcast to all panes¶

bind a setw synchronize-panes

Quick layouts¶

Prefix + Space # Cycle through layouts Prefix + Alt+1 # Even horizontal Prefix + Alt+2 # Even vertical Prefix + Alt+3 # Main horizontal Prefix + Alt+4 # Main vertical Prefix + Alt+5 # Tiled

Zoom pane¶

Prefix + z # Toggle pane zoom

Break pane to new window¶

Prefix + ! # Break pane out

Join pane from another window¶

bind j command-prompt -p "join pane from:" "join-pane -s '%%'" ```_

Nützliche Alias¶

```bash

Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc¶

alias ta='tmux attach' alias tls='tmux list-sessions' alias tn='tmux new-session' alias tk='tmux kill-session'

Function to create or attach to session¶

tm() \\{ [[ -n "$TMUX" ]] && change="switch-client"||change="attach-session" if [ $1 ]; then tmux $change -t "$1" 2>/dev/null||(tmux new-session -d -s $1 && tmux \(change -t "$1"); return fi session=\)(tmux list-sessions -F "#\\{session_name\\}" 2>/dev/null|fzf --exit-0) && tmux $change -t "$session"||echo "No sessions found." \\} ```_

Fehlerbehebung¶

Gemeinsame Themen¶

```bash

Fix 256 color support¶

export TERM=screen-256color

Fix clipboard issues¶

Install xclip (Linux) or reattach-to-user-namespace (macOS)¶

Reset tmux completely¶

tmux kill-server

Check tmux version¶

tmux -V

Validate configuration¶

tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf ```_

Leistung¶

```bash

Reduce escape time¶

set -sg escape-time 0

Increase history limit¶

set -g history-limit 50000

Refresh status bar less frequently¶

set -g status-interval 5 ```_

Integration¶

Mit Vim/Neovim¶

```bash

vim-tmux-navigator plugin¶

bind -n C-h run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-h)||tmux select-pane -L" bind -n C-j run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-j)||tmux select-pane -D" bind -n C-k run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-k)||tmux select-pane -U" bind -n C-l run "(tmux display-message -p '#\\{pane_current_command\\}'|grep -iq vim && tmux send-keys C-l)||tmux select-pane -R" ```_

Mit SSH¶

```bash

Auto-attach to tmux on SSH¶

Add to ~/.bashrc on remote server¶

if [[ -z "$TMUX" ]] && [ "$SSH_CONNECTION" != "" ]; then tmux attach-session -t ssh_tmux||tmux new-session -s ssh_tmux fi ```_

Ressourcen¶

**offizielle Dokumentation*: [github.com/tmux/tmux](LINK_3_
Manual*: man tmux_
Wiki: [github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki](LINK_3_
**Awesome tmux*: [github.com/rothgar/awesome-tmux](LINK_3_

tmux Cheatsheet¶

Überblick¶

Installation¶

Paketmanager¶

Alternative (hold Prefix)¶

Konfiguration¶

Konfigurationsdatei (~/.tmux.conf)¶

Basic settings¶

Change prefix key¶

Reload config¶

Mouse support¶

Vi mode¶

Pane splitting¶

Pane navigation (vim-style)¶

Window navigation¶

Pane resizing¶

Status bar¶

Window status¶

Pane borders¶

Erweiterte Konfiguration¶

Automatic window renaming¶

Activity monitoring¶

Copy mode improvements¶

Synchronize panes¶

Quick pane cycling¶

Session management¶

Erweiterte Funktionen¶

Sitzungsskription¶

Create session with multiple windows¶

Tmux Scripts¶

!/bin/bash¶

dev-session.sh¶

Check if session exists¶

Attach to session¶

Tmuxin¶

Install tmuxinator¶

Create project¶

Example tmuxinator config (~/.tmuxinator/myproject.yml)¶

Plugins¶

TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager)¶

Install TPM¶

Add to ~/.tmux.conf¶

Initialize TPM (add to bottom of .tmux.conf)¶

Install plugins: Prefix + I¶

Update plugins: Prefix + U¶

Remove plugins: Prefix + alt + u¶

Beliebte Plugins¶

tmux-resurrect - save/restore sessions¶

Save: Prefix + Ctrl+s¶

Restore: Prefix + Ctrl+r¶

tmux-continuum - automatic save/restore¶

tmux-yank - copy to system clipboard¶

tmux-pain-control - better pane management¶

tmux-sidebar - file tree sidebar¶

Toggle: Prefix + Tab¶

Kommandozeilenschnittstelle¶

Sitzungsmanagement¶

Create session with command¶

Send commands to session¶

Capture pane content¶

List windows in session¶

List panes in window¶

Scripting Beispiele¶

Create development environment¶

Kill all sessions except current¶

Tipps und Tricks¶

Produktivität Tipps¶

Quick session switching¶

Broadcast to all panes¶

Quick layouts¶

Zoom pane¶

Break pane to new window¶

Join pane from another window¶

Nützliche Alias¶

Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc¶

Function to create or attach to session¶

Fehlerbehebung¶

Gemeinsame Themen¶

Fix 256 color support¶

Fix clipboard issues¶