Verpackung Tracer Cheatsheet
Überblick
Cisco Packet Tracer ist ein leistungsstarkes Netzwerksimulationstool, das für das Lernen und Lehren von Netzwerkkonzepten konzipiert ist. Es bietet eine virtuelle Umgebung, in der Studenten und Profis Netzwerke ohne physische Hardware entwerfen, konfigurieren und beheben können. Packet Tracer ist weit verbreitet in Cisco Networking Academy Kurse und CCNA Zertifizierung Vorbereitung.
Installation und Inbetriebnahme
Windows Installation
```powershell
Download from Cisco Networking Academy
Visit: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
Requires free Cisco Networking Academy account
System Requirements:
- Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
- 4 GB RAM minimum (8 GB recommended)
- 1.4 GB free disk space
- DirectX 9.0c compatible graphics
Installation steps:
1. Download PacketTracer_xxx_Windows_64bit.exe
2. Run installer as administrator
3. Follow installation wizard
4. Launch and sign in with Cisco account
Verify installation
Start > Cisco Packet Tracer
Help > About to check version
```_
Linux Installation (Ubuntu/Debian)
```bash
Download .deb package from Cisco Networking Academy
https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
Install dependencies
sudo apt update sudo apt install -y libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libstdc++6:i386 sudo apt install -y libqt5webkit5 libqt5multimediawidgets5
Install Packet Tracer
sudo dpkg -i PacketTracer_xxx_amd64.deb
Fix dependencies if needed
sudo apt-get install -f
Launch Packet Tracer
packettracer
Create desktop shortcut
cat > ~/Desktop/PacketTracer.desktop << EOF [Desktop Entry] Name=Cisco Packet Tracer Comment=Network Simulation Tool Exec=/opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7 Icon=/opt/pt/art/app.png Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Education;Network; EOF
chmod +x ~/Desktop/PacketTracer.desktop ```_
macOS Installation
```bash
Download from Cisco Networking Academy
https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
System Requirements:
- macOS 10.14 or later
- 4 GB RAM minimum
- 1.4 GB free disk space
Installation:
1. Download PacketTracer_xxx_mac.dmg
2. Open DMG file
3. Drag Packet Tracer to Applications folder
4. Launch from Applications
5. Sign in with Cisco account
Launch from terminal
open -a "Cisco Packet Tracer"
Check version
Packet Tracer > About Packet Tracer
```_
Schnittstellenübersicht
Hauptschnittstellenkomponenten
```bash
Menu Bar
File, Edit, Options, View, Tools, Extensions, Help
Toolbar
New, Open, Save, Print, Undo, Redo, Copy, Paste, Delete
Zoom controls, Select, Move, Place Note, Draw shapes
Device Selection Area
Network Devices: Routers, Switches, Hubs, Wireless devices
End Devices: PCs, Servers, Printers, IP phones
Connections: Cables and wireless connections
Components: Modules and physical components
Workspace
Main area for building network topologies
Grid-based layout with zoom capabilities
Multi-tab support for multiple projects
Simulation Panel
Realtime/Simulation mode toggle
Event List for packet simulation
Play controls for step-by-step simulation
```_
Workspace Navigation
```bash
Zoom Controls
Zoom In: Ctrl + Plus or mouse wheel up
Zoom Out: Ctrl + Minus or mouse wheel down
Zoom to Fit: Ctrl + 0
Actual Size: Ctrl + 1
Pan and Move
Pan workspace: Hold middle mouse button and drag
Move device: Click and drag device
Select multiple: Ctrl + click or drag selection box
Grid and Snap
Toggle grid: View > Grid
Snap to grid: View > Snap to Grid
Grid spacing: Options > Preferences > Interface
Layers and Organization
Background images: Options > Preferences > Interface
Device labels: Click device name to edit
Notes and annotations: Place Note tool
```_
Grundlagen Netzwerkbau
Geräte hinzufügen
```bash
Router Configuration
1. Select Routers from device panel
2. Choose router model (e.g., 2911, 4331)
3. Click to place in workspace
4. Double-click to configure
Common Router Models:
- 2911: 3 GigabitEthernet interfaces
- 4331: 3 GigabitEthernet interfaces, modular
- 1941: 2 GigabitEthernet interfaces
- ISR4000: High-performance enterprise router
Switch Configuration
1. Select Switches from device panel
2. Choose switch model (e.g., 2960, 3650)
3. Click to place in workspace
Common Switch Models:
- 2960: 24/48 FastEthernet + 2 GigabitEthernet
- 3650: 24/48 GigabitEthernet, stackable
- 2950: Legacy 24 FastEthernet ports
- 3560: Layer 3 switching capabilities
End Device Configuration
1. Select End Devices
2. Choose device type (PC, Server, Laptop)
3. Place in workspace
4. Configure IP settings
```_
Verbindungseinrichtungen
```bash
Cable Types and Usage
Straight-through: Switch to router, switch to PC
Crossover: Switch to switch, router to router, PC to PC
Console: For device configuration access
Serial: WAN connections between routers
Connection Process
1. Click Connections in device panel
2. Select appropriate cable type
3. Click source device and select interface
4. Click destination device and select interface
5. Connection appears with link lights
Auto-select Cable Type
Use "Automatically Choose Connection Type"
Packet Tracer selects appropriate cable automatically
Copper Straight-Through is most common choice
Interface Selection
FastEthernet: Fa0/0, Fa0/1, etc.
GigabitEthernet: Gig0/0, Gig0/1, etc.
Serial: Se0/0/0, Se0/1/0, etc.
Console: Console port for management
```_
Grundlegende Gerätekonfiguration
```bash
PC Configuration
1. Double-click PC
2. Go to Desktop tab
3. Click IP Configuration
4. Set Static IP or DHCP
5. Configure IP address, subnet mask, default gateway
Example PC Configuration:
IP Address: 192.168.1.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS Server: 8.8.8.8
Router Basic Configuration
1. Double-click router
2. Go to CLI tab
3. Press Enter to start
4. Type configuration commands
Basic Router Setup:
Router> enable Router# configure terminal Router(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0 R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit R1(config)# exit R1# copy running-config startup-config
Switch Basic Configuration
Switch> enable Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# hostname SW1 SW1(config)# interface vlan1 SW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 SW1(config-if)# no shutdown SW1(config-if)# exit SW1(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1 SW1(config)# exit SW1# copy running-config startup-config ```_
Erweiterte Konfiguration
VLAN Konfiguration
```bash
Create VLANs on Switch
SW1> enable SW1# configure terminal SW1(config)# vlan 10 SW1(config-vlan)# name SALES SW1(config-vlan)# exit SW1(config)# vlan 20 SW1(config-vlan)# name ENGINEERING SW1(config-vlan)# exit
Assign Ports to VLANs
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet0/1 SW1(config-if)# switchport mode access SW1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10 SW1(config-if)# exit
SW1(config)# interface range fastethernet0/2-5 SW1(config-if-range)# switchport mode access SW1(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 20 SW1(config-if-range)# exit
Configure Trunk Port
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet0/24 SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk SW1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20 SW1(config-if)# exit
Verify VLAN Configuration
SW1# show vlan brief SW1# show interfaces trunk SW1# show vlan id 10 ```_
Inter-VLAN Routing
```bash
Router-on-a-Stick Configuration
Configure subinterfaces on router
R1> enable R1# configure terminal R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit
VLAN 10 subinterface
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0.10 R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 10 R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)# exit
VLAN 20 subinterface
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0.20 R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20 R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)# exit
Verify configuration
R1# show ip interface brief R1# show interfaces gigabitethernet0/0.10 ```_
OSPF Konfiguration
```bash
Configure OSPF on Router R1
R1> enable R1# configure terminal R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1 R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)# exit
Configure OSPF on Router R2
R2(config)# router ospf 1 R2(config-router)# router-id 2.2.2.2 R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)# exit
Verify OSPF
R1# show ip ospf neighbor R1# show ip ospf database R1# show ip route ospf
OSPF Troubleshooting
R1# debug ip ospf hello R1# debug ip ospf adj R1# show ip ospf interface ```_
DHCP Konfiguration
```bash
Configure DHCP Server on Router
R1> enable R1# configure terminal
Create DHCP Pool
R1(config)# ip dhcp pool LAN_POOL R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1 R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 R1(dhcp-config)# lease 7 R1(dhcp-config)# exit
Exclude static IP addresses
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10
Enable DHCP service
R1(config)# service dhcp
Verify DHCP
R1# show ip dhcp binding R1# show ip dhcp pool R1# show ip dhcp conflict
DHCP Relay Configuration
On router interface connected to DHCP clients
R2(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/0 R2(config-if)# ip helper-address 192.168.1.1 ```_
Zugangskontrolllisten (ACLs)
```bash
Standard ACL Configuration
R1> enable R1# configure terminal
Create standard ACL
R1(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config)# access-list 10 deny any
Apply ACL to interface
R1(config)# interface serial0/0/0 R1(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out R1(config-if)# exit
Extended ACL Configuration
R1(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80 R1(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443 R1(config)# access-list 100 deny ip any any
Apply extended ACL
R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1 R1(config-if)# ip access-group 100 in
Named ACL Configuration
R1(config)# ip access-list extended WEB_FILTER R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80 R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443 R1(config-ext-nacl)# deny ip any any R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Verify ACLs
R1# show access-lists R1# show ip interface gigabitethernet0/0 ```_
Simulation und Prüfung
Paketsimulationsmodus
```bash
Switch to Simulation Mode
Click "Simulation" button in bottom right
Or use Ctrl + Shift + S
Simulation Controls
Auto Capture/Play: Automatically capture and play events
Capture/Forward: Manually step through events
Back: Go back one event
Reset Simulation: Clear all events and start over
Event List Window
Shows all network events (packets)
Color-coded by protocol (HTTP, ICMP, etc.)
Click events to see packet details
Filter events by protocol type
Packet Details
Click on packet in Event List
Shows OSI layer information
Inbound/Outbound PDU details
Protocol-specific information
```_
Netzwerkverbindung testen
```bash
Ping Test from PC
1. Double-click PC
2. Go to Desktop tab
3. Click Command Prompt
4. Type ping commands
Basic ping test
C:> ping 192.168.1.1 C:> ping 192.168.2.10 C:> ping google.com
Extended ping options
C:> ping -t 192.168.1.1 # Continuous ping C:> ping -n 10 192.168.1.1 # Send 10 packets C:> ping -l 1500 192.168.1.1 # Large packet size
Traceroute test
C:> tracert 192.168.2.10 C:> tracert google.com
ARP table
C:> arp -a
Network configuration
C:> ipconfig C:> ipconfig /all C:> ipconfig /release C:> ipconfig /renew ```_
Web Browser Testing
```bash
HTTP/HTTPS Testing
1. Double-click PC
2. Go to Desktop tab
3. Click Web Browser
4. Enter URL in address bar
Test web server connectivity
http://192.168.1.100
https://www.example.com
DNS Testing
Configure DNS server on PC
Test domain name resolution
Use nslookup command
Email Testing
Configure email client
Set up SMTP/POP3 servers
Send test emails between clients
```_
Erweiterte Testing Scripts
```bash
Automated Testing with Packet Tracer Scripts
Create .pkt file with embedded scripts
Example: Connectivity Test Script
Save as connectivity_test.pkt
Script commands (in Packet Tracer CLI):
Test basic connectivity
ping 192.168.1.1 ping 192.168.2.1 ping 8.8.8.8
Test routing
show ip route show ip ospf neighbor
Test VLAN configuration
show vlan brief show interfaces trunk
Test DHCP
show ip dhcp binding show ip dhcp pool
Performance testing
Use multiple PCs to generate traffic
Monitor bandwidth utilization
Test network convergence time
```_
Kabellose Vernetzung
Kabelloses WLAN Konfiguration
```bash
Add Wireless Router
1. Select Wireless Devices from device panel
2. Choose Wireless Router (e.g., WRT300N)
3. Place in workspace
4. Configure wireless settings
Basic Wireless Configuration
1. Double-click wireless router
2. Go to GUI tab
3. Configure wireless settings:
- SSID: MyNetwork
- Security: WPA2-PSK
- Passphrase: SecurePassword123
- Channel: Auto or specific channel
Advanced Wireless Settings
- Wireless Mode: Mixed, G-Only, N-Only
- Channel Width: 20MHz, 40MHz
- Transmission Power: High, Medium, Low
- MAC Address Filtering: Enable/Disable
```_
Wireless Client Konfiguration
```bash
Configure Laptop/PC for Wireless
1. Double-click laptop
2. Go to Physical tab
3. Remove Ethernet module
4. Add Wireless module (WMP300N)
5. Power on device
Connect to Wireless Network
1. Go to Desktop tab
2. Click PC Wireless
3. Select "Connect" tab
4. Refresh to see available networks
5. Select network and enter password
Wireless Troubleshooting
- Check signal strength
- Verify SSID and password
- Check wireless module installation
- Verify IP configuration (DHCP/Static)
```_
Kabellose Sicherheitskonfiguration
```bash
WPA2-PSK Configuration
Router wireless settings:
Security Mode: WPA2-PSK
Encryption: AES
Passphrase: Minimum 8 characters
MAC Address Filtering
1. Enable MAC Address Filtering
2. Add allowed MAC addresses
3. Test connectivity with allowed/denied devices
Guest Network Setup
1. Enable Guest Access
2. Configure separate SSID
3. Set bandwidth limitations
4. Configure access restrictions
```_
Netzwerkdienste
DNS Server Konfiguration
```bash
Configure DNS Server
1. Add Server from End Devices
2. Double-click server
3. Go to Services tab
4. Click DNS
Enable DNS Service
1. Turn DNS service ON
2. Add DNS records:
- Type: A Record
- Name: www.example.com
- Address: 192.168.1.100
Configure DNS on Clients
1. Set DNS server IP on PCs
2. Test with nslookup or web browser
3. Verify name resolution
DNS Record Types
A Record: Domain to IPv4 address
AAAA Record: Domain to IPv6 address
CNAME: Canonical name (alias)
MX: Mail exchange record
PTR: Reverse DNS lookup
```_
Web Server Konfiguration
```bash
Configure HTTP/HTTPS Server
1. Add Server from End Devices
2. Double-click server
3. Go to Services tab
4. Click HTTP
Enable HTTP Service
1. Turn HTTP service ON
2. Modify index.html content
3. Configure HTTPS if needed
4. Set authentication if required
Test Web Server
1. Configure client PC with IP
2. Open web browser
3. Navigate to server IP
4. Verify web page loads
Advanced Web Configuration
- Virtual hosts
- SSL certificates
- Authentication methods
- Custom error pages
```_
Email Server Konfiguration
```bash
Configure Email Server
1. Add Server from End Devices
2. Go to Services tab
3. Configure SMTP and POP3
SMTP Configuration
1. Turn SMTP service ON
2. Configure domain name
3. Add user accounts
4. Set authentication
POP3 Configuration
1. Turn POP3 service ON
2. Link to SMTP users
3. Configure mailbox settings
Email Client Setup
1. Double-click PC
2. Go to Desktop > Email
3. Configure email account:
- Your Name: John Doe
- Email: john@example.com
- Incoming Mail Server: 192.168.1.100
- Outgoing Mail Server: 192.168.1.100
- Username/Password: As configured
Test Email
1. Compose new email
2. Send to another user
3. Check received emails
4. Verify email delivery
```_
Automatisierung und Schrift
Verpackung Tracer Scripting
```bash
Create Automation Scripts
File > Save As > Select "Packet Tracer Activity (.pka)"
Add instructions and scoring
Activity Instructions
1. Click "Activity Instructions" button
2. Add step-by-step instructions
3. Include network requirements
4. Add assessment criteria
Auto-Assessment Configuration
1. Enable "Assessment Items"
2. Configure check conditions:
- Device configurations
- Connectivity tests
- Protocol status
- Performance metrics
Example Assessment Items:
- PC1 can ping PC2
- OSPF neighbors established
- VLAN 10 configured on SW1
- DHCP pool has active leases
```_
Bulk Configuration Scripts
```python
!/usr/bin/env python3
""" Packet Tracer Configuration Generator Generates configuration files for multiple devices """
class PTConfigGenerator: def init(self): self.configs = {}
def generate_router_config(self, hostname, interfaces, ospf_process=None):
"""Generate router configuration"""
config = [
"enable",
"configure terminal",
f"hostname {hostname}",
"no ip domain-lookup",
"line console 0",
"logging synchronous",
"exit"
]
# Configure interfaces
for interface, settings in interfaces.items():
config.extend([
f"interface {interface}",
f"ip address {settings['ip']} {settings['mask']}",
"no shutdown",
"exit"
])
# Configure OSPF if specified
if ospf_process:
config.append(f"router ospf {ospf_process['process_id']}")
if 'router_id' in ospf_process:
config.append(f"router-id {ospf_process['router_id']}")
for network in ospf_process['networks']:
config.append(f"network {network['network']} {network['wildcard']} area {network['area']}")
config.append("exit")
# Save configuration
config.extend([
"exit",
"copy running-config startup-config",
"" # Confirm save
])
return config
def generate_switch_config(self, hostname, vlans=None, interfaces=None):
"""Generate switch configuration"""
config = [
"enable",
"configure terminal",
f"hostname {hostname}",
"no ip domain-lookup"
]
# Configure VLANs
if vlans:
for vlan_id, vlan_name in vlans.items():
config.extend([
f"vlan {vlan_id}",
f"name {vlan_name}",
"exit"
])
# Configure interfaces
if interfaces:
for interface, settings in interfaces.items():
config.append(f"interface {interface}")
if settings['mode'] == 'access':
config.extend([
"switchport mode access",
f"switchport access vlan {settings['vlan']}"
])
elif settings['mode'] == 'trunk':
config.extend([
"switchport mode trunk",
f"switchport trunk allowed vlan {settings['allowed_vlans']}"
])
config.append("exit")
# Save configuration
config.extend([
"exit",
"copy running-config startup-config",
""
])
return config
def save_config_file(self, device_name, config_lines, filename=None):
"""Save configuration to file"""
if not filename:
filename = f"{device_name}_config.txt"
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
for line in config_lines:
f.write(line + '\n')
print(f"Configuration saved to {filename}")
def generate_network_configs(self, network_design):
"""Generate configurations for entire network"""
for device_name, device_config in network_design.items():
device_type = device_config['type']
if device_type == 'router':
config = self.generate_router_config(
device_name,
device_config['interfaces'],
device_config.get('ospf')
)
elif device_type == 'switch':
config = self.generate_switch_config(
device_name,
device_config.get('vlans'),
device_config.get('interfaces')
)
self.save_config_file(device_name, config)
Example network design
network_design = { "R1": { "type": "router", "interfaces": { "gigabitethernet0/0": { "ip": "192.168.1.1", "mask": "255.255.255.0" }, "serial0/0/0": { "ip": "10.1.1.1", "mask": "255.255.255.252" } }, "ospf": { "process_id": 1, "router_id": "1.1.1.1", "networks": [ {"network": "192.168.1.0", "wildcard": "0.0.0.255", "area": 0}, {"network": "10.1.1.0", "wildcard": "0.0.0.3", "area": 0} ] } }, "SW1": { "type": "switch", "vlans": { "10": "SALES", "20": "ENGINEERING" }, "interfaces": { "fastethernet0/1": { "mode": "access", "vlan": "10" }, "fastethernet0/2": { "mode": "access", "vlan": "20" }, "fastethernet0/24": { "mode": "trunk", "allowed_vlans": "10,20" } } } }
Usage
if name == "main": generator = PTConfigGenerator() generator.generate_network_configs(network_design) print("All device configurations generated successfully!") ```_
Netzwerkvalidierung Script
```python
!/usr/bin/env python3
""" Packet Tracer Network Validator Validates network configurations and connectivity """
import json import subprocess import time from datetime import datetime
class PTNetworkValidator: def init(self, validation_rules): self.rules = validation_rules self.results = []
def validate_connectivity(self, source_ip, target_ip, test_type='ping'):
"""Validate network connectivity"""
try:
if test_type == 'ping':
# Simulate ping test (in real PT, this would use PT API)
result = {
'test': 'ping',
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': True, # Simulated success
'response_time': '10ms',
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
elif test_type == 'traceroute':
result = {
'test': 'traceroute',
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': True,
'hops': ['192.168.1.1', '10.1.1.2', target_ip],
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
return result
except Exception as e:
return {
'test': test_type,
'source': source_ip,
'target': target_ip,
'success': False,
'error': str(e),
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
def validate_routing_table(self, device_ip, expected_routes):
"""Validate routing table entries"""
# In real implementation, this would connect to PT device
# and execute 'show ip route' command
routing_validation = {
'device': device_ip,
'test': 'routing_table',
'expected_routes': expected_routes,
'missing_routes': [],
'extra_routes': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated routing table validation
current_routes = [
'192.168.1.0/24',
'192.168.2.0/24',
'10.1.1.0/30'
]
for route in expected_routes:
if route not in current_routes:
routing_validation['missing_routes'].append(route)
routing_validation['success'] = False
return routing_validation
def validate_vlan_configuration(self, switch_ip, expected_vlans):
"""Validate VLAN configuration"""
vlan_validation = {
'device': switch_ip,
'test': 'vlan_configuration',
'expected_vlans': expected_vlans,
'missing_vlans': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated VLAN validation
current_vlans = ['1', '10', '20']
for vlan in expected_vlans:
if str(vlan) not in current_vlans:
vlan_validation['missing_vlans'].append(vlan)
vlan_validation['success'] = False
return vlan_validation
def validate_ospf_neighbors(self, router_ip, expected_neighbors):
"""Validate OSPF neighbor relationships"""
ospf_validation = {
'device': router_ip,
'test': 'ospf_neighbors',
'expected_neighbors': expected_neighbors,
'missing_neighbors': [],
'success': True,
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
}
# Simulated OSPF neighbor validation
current_neighbors = ['2.2.2.2', '3.3.3.3']
for neighbor in expected_neighbors:
if neighbor not in current_neighbors:
ospf_validation['missing_neighbors'].append(neighbor)
ospf_validation['success'] = False
return ospf_validation
def run_validation_suite(self):
"""Run complete validation suite"""
print("Starting network validation...")
for rule in self.rules:
rule_type = rule['type']
if rule_type == 'connectivity':
result = self.validate_connectivity(
rule['source'],
rule['target'],
rule.get('test_type', 'ping')
)
elif rule_type == 'routing':
result = self.validate_routing_table(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_routes']
)
elif rule_type == 'vlan':
result = self.validate_vlan_configuration(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_vlans']
)
elif rule_type == 'ospf':
result = self.validate_ospf_neighbors(
rule['device'],
rule['expected_neighbors']
)
self.results.append(result)
status = "✓ PASS" if result['success'] else "✗ FAIL"
print(f"{rule_type.upper()} validation: {status}")
def generate_validation_report(self, filename='validation_report.json'):
"""Generate validation report"""
total_tests = len(self.results)
passed_tests = sum(1 for r in self.results if r['success'])
failed_tests = total_tests - passed_tests
report = {
'validation_time': datetime.now().isoformat(),
'summary': {
'total_tests': total_tests,
'passed': passed_tests,
'failed': failed_tests,
'success_rate': (passed_tests / total_tests * 100) if total_tests > 0 else 0
},
'test_results': self.results
}
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
print(f"\nValidation Report:")
print(f"Total tests: {total_tests}")
print(f"Passed: {passed_tests}")
print(f"Failed: {failed_tests}")
print(f"Success rate: {report['summary']['success_rate']:.1f}%")
print(f"Report saved to {filename}")
return report
Example validation rules
validation_rules = [ { 'type': 'connectivity', 'source': '192.168.1.10', 'target': '192.168.2.10', 'test_type': 'ping' }, { 'type': 'connectivity', 'source': '192.168.1.10', 'target': '8.8.8.8', 'test_type': 'ping' }, { 'type': 'routing', 'device': '192.168.1.1', 'expected_routes': ['192.168.1.0/24', '192.168.2.0/24', '10.1.1.0/30'] }, { 'type': 'vlan', 'device': '192.168.1.2', 'expected_vlans': [10, 20] }, { 'type': 'ospf', 'device': '192.168.1.1', 'expected_neighbors': ['2.2.2.2'] } ]
Usage
if name == "main": validator = PTNetworkValidator(validation_rules) validator.run_validation_suite() validator.generate_validation_report() ```_
Fehlerbehebung und Best Practices
Gemeinsame Themen und Lösungen
```bash
Issue: Devices won't connect
Solution: Check cable types and interface status
1. Verify correct cable type (straight-through vs crossover)
2. Check interface configuration
3. Ensure interfaces are not shutdown
4. Verify IP addressing
Issue: No connectivity between VLANs
Solution: Configure inter-VLAN routing
1. Configure router subinterfaces
2. Set up trunk links
3. Verify VLAN configuration
4. Check routing table
Issue: OSPF neighbors not forming
Solution: Check OSPF configuration
1. Verify network statements
2. Check area configuration
3. Ensure interfaces are in correct areas
4. Verify router IDs are unique
Issue: DHCP not working
Solution: Check DHCP configuration
1. Verify DHCP pool configuration
2. Check excluded addresses
3. Ensure DHCP service is enabled
4. Configure DHCP relay if needed
Issue: Simulation mode not working
Solution: Reset simulation and check filters
1. Click "Reset Simulation"
2. Check event filters
3. Ensure devices are properly configured
4. Verify packet generation
```_
Leistungsoptimierung
```bash
Optimize Packet Tracer Performance
1. Close unnecessary applications
2. Reduce simulation complexity
3. Use appropriate device models
4. Limit concurrent simulations
Memory Management
- Save projects regularly
- Close unused projects
- Use "Save As" to create backups
- Clear simulation events periodically
Network Design Best Practices
- Use hierarchical design
- Implement proper addressing schemes
- Follow Cisco design guidelines
- Document network configurations
Project Organization
- Use descriptive device names
- Add network documentation
- Create logical groupings
- Use consistent naming conventions
```_
Backup und Recovery
```bash
Project Backup Strategy
1. Regular saves during development
2. Version control with descriptive names
3. Export to different formats
4. Store backups in multiple locations
Export Options
File > Export > Image (PNG/JPEG)
File > Export > PDF
File > Save As > Packet Tracer Activity (.pka)
File > Save As > Packet Tracer Network (.pkt)
Recovery Procedures
1. Keep multiple backup versions
2. Test backup files regularly
3. Document configuration changes
4. Use version control for large projects
```_
Dieses umfassende Packet Tracer Cheatsheet bietet eine umfangreiche Erfassung von Netzwerksimulation, Gerätekonfiguration, erweiterten Netzwerkkonzepten, Automatisierung und Fehlerbehebung. Die mitgelieferten Skripte und Beispiele ermöglichen professionelles Netzwerkdesign, Testen und Bildungsaktivitäten mit Cisco Packet Tracer.