Neovim Cheatsheet
Überblick
Neovim ist ein hyperextensibler Vim-basierter Texteditor, der darauf abzielt, Vim aggressiv zu refactorieren, um die Wartung zu vereinfachen, erweiterte UIs zu ermöglichen und die Erweiterbarkeit zu maximieren.
Installation
Paketmanager
```bash
Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install neovim
macOS
brew install neovim
Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S neovim
Windows (Chocolatey)
choco install neovim
From source
git clone https://github.com/neovim/neovim.git cd neovim && make CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo sudo make install ```_
Grundlegende Unterschiede von Vim
Schlüsselverbesserungen
```vim " Built-in terminal emulator :terminal :term
" Asynchronous job control :help job-control
" Better default settings " No need for 'nocompatible' " Sensible defaults enabled
" Lua scripting support :lua print("Hello from Lua!")
" Better plugin architecture " Native LSP support " TreeSitter integration ```_
Konfiguration
Konfigurationsdateien
```bash
Neovim config location
~/.config/nvim/init.vim # Vimscript config ~/.config/nvim/init.lua # Lua config
Check config location
:echo stdpath('config') ```_
Basic init.vim
```vim " Enable syntax highlighting syntax enable
" Line numbers set number set relativenumber
" Indentation set tabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 set expandtab set autoindent set smartindent
" Search set ignorecase set smartcase set incsearch set hlsearch
" UI improvements set termguicolors set signcolumn=yes set updatetime=300 set timeoutlen=500
" Mouse support set mouse=a
" Clipboard set clipboard+=unnamedplus
" Split behavior set splitbelow set splitright
" Leader key let mapleader = " " ```_
Basic init.lua
```lua -- Basic settings vim.opt.number = true vim.opt.relativenumber = true vim.opt.tabstop = 4 vim.opt.shiftwidth = 4 vim.opt.expandtab = true vim.opt.autoindent = true vim.opt.smartindent = true vim.opt.ignorecase = true vim.opt.smartcase = true vim.opt.incsearch = true vim.opt.hlsearch = true vim.opt.termguicolors = true vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes" vim.opt.updatetime = 300 vim.opt.timeoutlen = 500 vim.opt.mouse = "a" vim.opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus" vim.opt.splitbelow = true vim.opt.splitright = true
-- Leader key vim.g.mapleader = " "
-- Key mappings
vim.keymap.set('n', '
Plugin Management
Verwendung von vim-plug
```vim " Install vim-plug curl -fLo ~/.local/share/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
" Plugin configuration in init.vim call plug#begin('~/.local/share/nvim/plugged')
" Essential plugins Plug 'nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter', \\{'do': ':TSUpdate'\\} Plug 'neovim/nvim-lspconfig' Plug 'hrsh7th/nvim-cmp' Plug 'hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp' Plug 'L3MON4D3/LuaSnip' Plug 'nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim' Plug 'nvim-lua/plenary.nvim' Plug 'kyazdani42/nvim-tree.lua' Plug 'kyazdani42/nvim-web-devicons' Plug 'nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim'
call plug#end()
" Install plugins: :PlugInstall " Update plugins: :PlugUpdate " Clean plugins: :PlugClean ```_
Verwendung von packer.nvim (Lua)
```lua -- Install packer.nvim local install_path = vim.fn.stdpath('data')..'/site/pack/packer/start/packer.nvim' if vim.fn.empty(vim.fn.glob(install_path)) > 0 then vim.fn.system(\\{'git', 'clone', '--depth', '1', 'https://github.com/wbthomason/packer.nvim', install_path\\}) end
-- Plugin configuration require('packer').startup(function(use) use 'wbthomason/packer.nvim'
-- Essential plugins use \\{'nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter', run = ':TSUpdate'\\} use 'neovim/nvim-lspconfig' use 'hrsh7th/nvim-cmp' use 'hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp' use 'L3MON4D3/LuaSnip' use \\{'nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim', requires = 'nvim-lua/plenary.nvim'\\} use \\{'kyazdani42/nvim-tree.lua', requires = 'kyazdani42/nvim-web-devicons'\\} use 'nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim' end) ```_
Sprachserver Protokoll (LSP)
LSP Setup
```lua -- Basic LSP configuration local lspconfig = require('lspconfig')
-- Python lspconfig.pyright.setup\\{\\}
-- JavaScript/TypeScript lspconfig.tsserver.setup\\{\\}
-- Rust lspconfig.rust_analyzer.setup\\{\\}
-- Go lspconfig.gopls.setup\\{\\}
-- C/C++ lspconfig.clangd.setup\\{\\}
-- Lua lspconfig.lua_ls.setup\\{ settings = \\{ Lua = \\{ runtime = \\{version = 'LuaJIT'\\}, diagnostics = \\{globals = \\{'vim'\\}\\}, workspace = \\{library = vim.api.nvim_get_runtime_file("", true)\\}, telemetry = \\{enable = false\\}, \\}, \\}, \\} ```_
LSP Schlüsselübergaben
lua
-- LSP key mappings
vim.keymap.set('n', 'gd', vim.lsp.buf.definition)
vim.keymap.set('n', 'gD', vim.lsp.buf.declaration)
vim.keymap.set('n', 'gr', vim.lsp.buf.references)
vim.keymap.set('n', 'gi', vim.lsp.buf.implementation)
vim.keymap.set('n', 'K', vim.lsp.buf.hover)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<C-k>', vim.lsp.buf.signature_help)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>rn', vim.lsp.buf.rename)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>ca', vim.lsp.buf.code_action)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>f', vim.lsp.buf.format)
vim.keymap.set('n', '[d', vim.diagnostic.goto_prev)
vim.keymap.set('n', ']d', vim.diagnostic.goto_next)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>e', vim.diagnostic.open_float)
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>q', vim.diagnostic.setloclist)_
Baumsitter
TreeSitter Konfiguration
``lua
require'nvim-treesitter.configs'.setup \\\\{
-- Install parsers synchronously (only applied toensure_installed`)
sync_install = false,
-- Automatically install missing parsers when entering buffer auto_install = true,
-- List of parsers to install ensure_installed = \\{ "c", "lua", "vim", "vimdoc", "query", "python", "javascript", "typescript", "rust", "go" \\},
highlight = \\{ enable = true, additional_vim_regex_highlighting = false, \\},
indent = \\{ enable = true \\},
incremental_selection = \\{ enable = true, keymaps = \\{ init_selection = "gnn", node_incremental = "grn", scope_incremental = "grc", node_decremental = "grm", \\}, \\}, \\} ```_
Autovervollständigung
nvim-cmp Setup
```lua local cmp = require'cmp' local luasnip = require'luasnip'
cmp.setup(\\{ snippet = \\{ expand = function(args) luasnip.lsp_expand(args.body) end, \\},
mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.insert(\\{
['
sources = cmp.config.sources(\\{ \\{ name = 'nvim_lsp' \\}, \\{ name = 'luasnip' \\}, \\}, \\{ \\{ name = 'buffer' \\}, \\}) \\}) ```_
Terminal Integration
Eingebauter Terminal
```vim " Open terminal :terminal :term
" Terminal in split :split|terminal :vsplit|terminal
" Terminal key mappings
tnoremap
Terminal Lua Konfiguration
```lua
-- Terminal configuration
vim.keymap.set('t', '
-- Open terminal in split
vim.keymap.set('n', '
Datei Explorer
nvim-tre Setup
```lua require("nvim-tree").setup(\\{ sort_by = "case_sensitive", view = \\{ width = 30, \\}, renderer = \\{ group_empty = true, \\}, filters = \\{ dotfiles = true, \\}, \\})
-- Key mappings
vim.keymap.set('n', '
Fuzzy Finder
Telescope Setup
```lua
require('telescope').setup\\{
defaults = \\{
mappings = \\{
i = \\{
["
-- Key mappings
vim.keymap.set('n', '
Statuszeile
Lualine Setup
lua
require('lualine').setup \\\\{
options = \\\\{
icons_enabled = true,
theme = 'auto',
component_separators = \\\\{ left = '', right = ''\\\\},
section_separators = \\\\{ left = '', right = ''\\\\},
disabled_filetypes = \\\\{
statusline = \\\\{\\\\},
winbar = \\\\{\\\\},
\\\\},
ignore_focus = \\\\{\\\\},
always_divide_middle = true,
globalstatus = false,
refresh = \\\\{
statusline = 1000,
tabline = 1000,
winbar = 1000,
\\\\}
\\\\},
sections = \\\\{
lualine_a = \\\\{'mode'\\\\},
lualine_b = \\\\{'branch', 'diff', 'diagnostics'\\\\},
lualine_c = \\\\{'filename'\\\\},
lualine_x = \\\\{'encoding', 'fileformat', 'filetype'\\\\},
lualine_y = \\\\{'progress'\\\\},
lualine_z = \\\\{'location'\\\\}
\\\\},
\\\\}_
Erweiterte Funktionen
Lua Schrift
```lua -- Create custom commands vim.api.nvim_create_user_command('Hello', function() print('Hello from Neovim!') end, \\{\\})
-- Create autocommands vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePre", \\{ pattern = "*.lua", callback = function() vim.lsp.buf.format() end, \\})
-- Custom functions local function toggle_number() if vim.opt.number:get() then vim.opt.number = false vim.opt.relativenumber = false else vim.opt.number = true vim.opt.relativenumber = true end end
vim.keymap.set('n', '
Gesundheitscheck
```vim " Check Neovim health :checkhealth
" Check specific provider :checkhealth provider :checkhealth nvim-treesitter :checkhealth telescope ```_
Migration von Vim
Schlüsseldifferenzen
```vim " Neovim uses different paths :echo stdpath('config') " Config directory :echo stdpath('data') " Data directory :echo stdpath('cache') " Cache directory
" Better defaults " No need for 'nocompatible' " 'autoindent' is on by default " 'autoread' is on by default " 'background=dark' by default " 'belloff=all' by default " 'cscopeverbose' is on by default " 'display=lastline' by default " 'encoding=utf-8' by default ```_
Vereinbarkeit
```vim " Most Vim plugins work with Neovim " Vimscript is fully supported " Can gradually migrate to Lua
" Check if running Neovim if has('nvim') " Neovim-specific configuration endif ```_
Debugging
Eingebaute Debugging
```vim " Debug mode nvim -D file.txt
" Verbose mode nvim -V9 file.txt
" Check startup time nvim --startuptime startup.log file.txt
" Profile startup :profile start profile.log :profile func * :profile file * ```_
Leistungsspitzen
Optimierung
```lua -- Disable unused providers vim.g.loaded_python_provider = 0 vim.g.loaded_ruby_provider = 0 vim.g.loaded_perl_provider = 0 vim.g.loaded_node_provider = 0
-- Lazy load plugins -- Use event-based loading -- Minimize startup plugins
-- Optimize search vim.opt.regexpengine = 1
-- Reduce updatetime for better experience vim.opt.updatetime = 250 ```_
Fehlerbehebung
Gemeinsame Themen
```vim " Plugin not working :checkhealth :PlugStatus
" LSP not working :LspInfo :LspLog
" TreeSitter issues :TSInstallInfo :TSUpdate
" Clear cache rm -rf ~/.local/share/nvim rm -rf ~/.cache/nvim ```_
Ressourcen
- *offizielle Dokumentation: neovim.io
- *GitHub Repository: [github.com/neovim/neovim](_LINK_4___
- *Awesome Neovim: [github.com/rockerBOO/awesome-neovim](__LINK_4___
- Gemeinschaft: [reddit.com/r/neovim](__LINK_4___