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Emacs Cheatsheet

Überblick

GNU Emacs ist ein erweiterbarer, anpassbarer, freier/libre Texteditor -- und mehr. Kern ist ein Dolmetscher für Emacs Lisp, ein Dialekt der Lisp Programmiersprache mit Erweiterungen zur Unterstützung der Textbearbeitung.

Grundkonzepte

Schlüsselanmeldung

C-x     # Ctrl + x
M-x     # Alt + x (or Esc then x)
C-M-x   # Ctrl + Alt + x
S-x     # Shift + x
```_

### Terminologie

Buffer # Text being edited (file content) Window # View of a buffer Frame # Emacs window (what other apps call window) Point # Cursor position Mark # Saved position for region selection Region # Text between point and mark Kill # Cut (delete and save to kill ring) Yank # Paste (from kill ring)


## Hauptnavigation

### Befehle der Bewegung

C-f # Forward character C-b # Backward character C-n # Next line C-p # Previous line C-a # Beginning of line C-e # End of line M-f # Forward word M-b # Backward word M-a # Beginning of sentence M-e # End of sentence C-v # Page down M-v # Page up M-< # Beginning of buffer M-> # End of buffer M-g g # Go to line number


### Erweiterte Navigation

C-M-f # Forward s-expression C-M-b # Backward s-expression C-M-a # Beginning of function C-M-e # End of function C-M-v # Scroll other window down C-M-S-v # Scroll other window up


## Dateioperationen

### Dateiverwaltung

C-x C-f # Find file (open) C-x C-s # Save file C-x C-w # Write file (save as) C-x C-c # Exit Emacs C-x C-v # Visit file (replace current buffer) C-x i # Insert file C-x C-r # Read file (read-only)


### Buffer Management

C-x b # Switch buffer C-x C-b # List buffers C-x k # Kill buffer C-x C-q # Toggle read-only mode C-x C-z # Suspend Emacs


## Befehle bearbeiten

### Grundbearbeitung

C-d # Delete character forward DEL # Delete character backward M-d # Kill word forward M-DEL # Kill word backward C-k # Kill line (from point to end) C-S-backspace # Kill entire line C-w # Kill region M-w # Copy region C-y # Yank (paste) M-y # Yank pop (cycle through kill ring) C-/ # Undo C-g # Quit/cancel command


### Erweiterte Bearbeitung

C-t # Transpose characters M-t # Transpose words C-x C-t # Transpose lines M-u # Uppercase word M-l # Lowercase word M-c # Capitalize word C-x C-u # Uppercase region C-x C-l # Lowercase region


## Suchen und Ersetzen

### Suche

C-s # Incremental search forward C-r # Incremental search backward C-M-s # Regex search forward C-M-r # Regex search backward M-s w # Word search M-s . # Symbol search


### Ersatz

M-% # Query replace C-M-% # Query replace regex M-x replace-string # Replace all occurrences M-x replace-regexp # Replace all regex matches


### Suche und Ersetzen von Schlüsseln (bei der Abfrage ersetzen)

y # Replace this occurrence n # Skip this occurrence ! # Replace all remaining q # Quit . # Replace this and quit ^ # Go back to previous


## Windows und Frames

### Window Management

C-x 2 # Split window horizontally C-x 3 # Split window vertically C-x 1 # Delete other windows C-x 0 # Delete current window C-x o # Switch to other window C-x ^ # Enlarge window vertically C-x \\} # Enlarge window horizontally C-x \\{ # Shrink window horizontally


### Rahmenverwaltung

C-x 5 2 # Create new frame C-x 5 0 # Delete current frame C-x 5 1 # Delete other frames C-x 5 o # Switch to other frame C-x 5 f # Find file in new frame


## Regionen und Mark

### Mark und Region

C-SPC # Set mark C-x C-x # Exchange point and mark C-u C-SPC # Jump to previous mark M-h # Mark paragraph C-x h # Mark whole buffer C-M-h # Mark function


### Rechteck Operationen

C-x r k # Kill rectangle C-x r y # Yank rectangle C-x r o # Open rectangle C-x r c # Clear rectangle C-x r t # String rectangle (replace with text)


## Hilfe

### Hilfe bekommen

C-h ? # Help on help C-h k # Describe key C-h f # Describe function C-h v # Describe variable C-h m # Describe mode C-h b # Show key bindings C-h a # Apropos (search commands) C-h i # Info browser C-h t # Tutorial


### Informationssystem

C-h i # Enter Info SPC # Scroll forward DEL # Scroll backward n # Next node p # Previous node u # Up node m # Menu item f # Follow reference l # Last node q # Quit Info


## Moden

### Hauptmodi

M-x text-mode # Text mode M-x fundamental-mode # Fundamental mode M-x lisp-mode # Lisp mode M-x python-mode # Python mode M-x c-mode # C mode M-x html-mode # HTML mode M-x org-mode # Org mode


### Minor Modes

M-x auto-fill-mode # Auto-fill mode M-x flyspell-mode # Spell checking M-x linum-mode # Line numbers M-x whitespace-mode # Show whitespace M-x hl-line-mode # Highlight current line


## Anpassung

### Grundkonfiguration (.emacs oder init.el)
```elisp
;; Basic settings
(setq inhibit-startup-message t)
(setq make-backup-files nil)
(setq auto-save-default nil)

;; UI improvements
(menu-bar-mode -1)
(tool-bar-mode -1)
(scroll-bar-mode -1)
(global-linum-mode 1)
(show-paren-mode 1)

;; Indentation
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
(setq-default tab-width 4)

;; Key bindings
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x g") 'goto-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") 'comment-region)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c u") 'uncomment-region)

;; Theme
(load-theme 'wombat t)
```_

### Paketmanagement
```elisp
;; Package repositories
(require 'package)
(add-to-list 'package-archives
             '("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/") t)
(package-initialize)

;; Install packages
(unless (package-installed-p 'use-package)
  (package-refresh-contents)
  (package-install 'use-package))

;; Use-package examples
(use-package magit
  :ensure t
  :bind ("C-x g" . magit-status))

(use-package company
  :ensure t
  :config
  (global-company-mode))
```_

## Org-Modus

### Standard Org Modus

  • Heading 1 ** Heading 2 *** Heading 3

  • List item

  • Sub item
  • Numbered list
  • Second item

bold /italic/ underlined =code= ~verbatim~

[[link][description]] [[file:path/to/file.txt]] [[https://example.com]]


### Org Mode Befehle

TAB # Cycle visibility S-TAB # Global cycle visibility C-c C-t # Toggle TODO state C-c C-s # Schedule item C-c C-d # Set deadline C-c a # Agenda C-c c # Capture C-c C-e # Export


### HINWEIS Schlüsselwörter

+TODO: TODO IN-PROGRESS|DONE CANCELLED

  • TODO Learn Emacs
  • IN-PROGRESS Write documentation
  • DONE Install Emacs
  • CANCELLED Old project

## Dired (Directory Editor)

### Geschmutzte Befehle

C-x d # Open Dired RET # Open file/directory ^ # Go to parent directory g # Refresh m # Mark file u # Unmark file U # Unmark all d # Mark for deletion x # Execute deletions C # Copy file R # Rename/move file D # Delete file + # Create directory


### schmutzige Kennzeichnung

m # Mark file u # Unmark file t # Toggle marks * s # Mark all * % # Mark by regex * . # Mark by extension U # Unmark all


## Programmierfunktionen

### Code Navigation

M-. # Find definition M-, # Return from definition C-M-f # Forward s-expression C-M-b # Backward s-expression C-M-u # Up list C-M-d # Down list


### Code Editing

C-M-\ # Indent region C-c C-c # Comment region M-; # Comment/uncomment line C-x r t # Rectangle text (column editing)


### Erstellung

M-x compile # Compile C-x ` # Next error M-g n # Next error M-g p # Previous error


## Erweiterte Funktionen

### Macros

C-x ( # Start macro recording C-x ) # End macro recording C-x e # Execute macro C-u C-x ( # Start macro with prefix M-x name-last-kbd-macro # Name macro M-x insert-kbd-macro # Insert macro into buffer


### Register

C-x r s # Save region to register C-x r i # Insert register contents C-x r SPC # Save point to register C-x r j # Jump to register


### Lesezeichen

C-x r m # Set bookmark C-x r b # Jump to bookmark C-x r l # List bookmarks


### Versionskontrolle

C-x v v # Version control next action C-x v = # Show diff C-x v l # Show log C-x v ~ # Show specific version C-x v g # Annotate (blame)


## Shell und Terminal

### Shell Commands

M-! # Shell command M-|# Shell command on region C-u M-! # Insert shell command output M-x shell # Start shell M-x eshell # Start Eshell M-x term # Start terminal


### Eshell Befehle

cd # Change directory ls # List files pwd # Print working directory clear # Clear screen exit # Exit Eshell


## Nützliche Pakete

### Beliebte Pakete
```elisp
;; Ivy/Counsel/Swiper - completion framework
(use-package ivy
  :ensure t
  :config (ivy-mode 1))

;; Magit - Git interface
(use-package magit
  :ensure t
  :bind ("C-x g" . magit-status))

;; Company - completion
(use-package company
  :ensure t
  :config (global-company-mode))

;; Projectile - project management
(use-package projectile
  :ensure t
  :config (projectile-mode))

;; Which-key - key binding help
(use-package which-key
  :ensure t
  :config (which-key-mode))
```_

## Fehlerbehebung

### Gemeinsame Themen

C-g # Cancel current command M-x recover-session # Recover crashed session M-x toggle-debug-on-error # Debug errors M-x emacs-version # Check version


### Leistung
```elisp
;; Increase garbage collection threshold
(setq gc-cons-threshold 100000000)

;; Reduce startup time
(setq package-enable-at-startup nil)

;; Profile startup
(use-package esup
  :ensure t
  :commands esup)
```_

## Tipps und Tricks

### Produktivität Tipps

C-x z # Repeat last command C-u # Universal argument (prefix) M-x # Execute command by name C-h k # Find out what a key does C-h f # Find out what a function does


### Nützliche Befehle

M-x occur # Show lines matching pattern M-x grep # Search files M-x rgrep # Recursive grep M-x find-name-dired # Find files by name M-x calendar # Calendar M-x calculator # Calculator ```_

Ressourcen

  • Amtshandbuch: gnu.org/software/emacs/manuell
  • *Emacs Wiki: [emacswiki.org](__LINK_3___
  • ** Paketarchiv**: [melpa.org](_LINK_3___
  • Tutorial: C-h t innerhalb von Emacs