Binwalk - Firmware-Analysetool¶

✅ Alle Binwalk-Befehle in die Zwischenablage kopiert!

Binwalk ist ein leistungsstarkes Firmware-Analysetool, das für die Analyse, Reverse Engineering und Extraktion von Firmware-Images entwickelt wurde. Es wird häufig in der IoT-Sicherheitsforschung, Embedded-Systems-Analyse und digitalen Forensik eingesetzt, um Dateisignaturen zu identifizieren, eingebettete Dateien zu extrahieren und die Firmware-Struktur zu analysieren.

Grundlegende Verwendung¶

Einfache Firmware-Analyse¶

Ausführliche Ausgabe¶

Datei-Signatur-Analyse¶

Signatur-Scanning¶

Benutzerdefinierte Signaturen¶

Datei-Extraktion¶

Grundlegende Extraktion¶

Selektive Extraktion¶

Erweiterte Extraktionsoptionen¶

Entropie-Analyse¶

Grundlegende Entropie-Analyse¶

Entropie-Visualisierung¶

Entropie-Interpretation¶

Offset- und Längensteuerung¶

Arbeiten mit Offsets¶

Hexadezimale und Dezimale Offsets¶

Vergleich und Differenzierung¶

Datei-Vergleich¶

Versions-Analyse¶

Erweiterte Analysefunktionen¶

Disassemblierung und Code-Analyse¶

Dateisystem-Analyse¶

Kompressionsanalyse¶

Plugin-System¶

Plugin-Verwaltung¶

Benutzerdefinierte Plugins```bash¶

Basic signature scanning¶

binwalk firmware.bin binwalk router_firmware.bin binwalk iot_device.bin

Analyze multiple files¶

binwalk *.bin binwalk firmware1.bin firmware2.bin firmware3.bin

Recursive directory scanning¶

binwalk -r /path/to/firmware/ binwalk -r ./firmware_samples/

### Verbose Output
```bash
# Verbose mode for detailed information
binwalk -v firmware.bin

# Quiet mode (minimal output)
binwalk -q firmware.bin

# Show only specific types
binwalk -B firmware.bin  # Show only file signatures
binwalk -E firmware.bin  # Show only entropy analysis

File Signature Analysis¶

Signature Scanning¶

# Standard signature scanning
binwalk firmware.bin

# Detailed signature analysis
binwalk -B firmware.bin

# Show raw signature data
binwalk -R firmware.bin

# Architecture analysis
binwalk -A firmware.bin

# Compression analysis
binwalk -C firmware.bin

Custom Signatures¶

# Use custom signature file
binwalk -f custom_signatures.txt firmware.bin

# Use custom magic file
binwalk -m custom_magic firmware.bin

# Combine multiple signature sources
binwalk -f sig1.txt -f sig2.txt firmware.bin

File Extraction¶

Basic Extraction¶

# Extract all identified files
binwalk -e firmware.bin

# Extract with matryoshka (recursive extraction)
binwalk -Me firmware.bin

# Extract to specific directory
binwalk -e -C /tmp/extracted firmware.bin

# Preserve symbolic links during extraction
binwalk -e --preserve-symlinks firmware.bin

Selective Extraction¶

# Extract specific file types
binwalk -D "jpeg image:jpg" firmware.bin
binwalk -D "zip archive:zip" firmware.bin
binwalk -D "gzip compressed:gz" firmware.bin

# Extract everything with dd
binwalk --dd=".*" firmware.bin

# Extract with custom rules
binwalk -D "filesystem:fs" firmware.bin

Advanced Extraction Options¶

# Extract with size limits
binwalk -e -M 10000000 firmware.bin  # Max 10MB files

# Extract with depth limits
binwalk -e -d 3 firmware.bin  # Max depth of 3

# Extract with specific tools
binwalk -e --run-as=root firmware.bin

Entropy Analysis¶

Basic Entropy Analysis¶

# Generate entropy graph
binwalk -E firmware.bin

# Save entropy data to file
binwalk -E -J firmware.bin

# Entropy analysis with custom block size
binwalk -E -K 1024 firmware.bin

# Fast entropy analysis
binwalk -E -F firmware.bin

Entropy Visualization¶

# Generate entropy plot
binwalk -E -N firmware.bin

# High-resolution entropy analysis
binwalk -E -H firmware.bin

# Entropy analysis with markers
binwalk -E -B firmware.bin

Entropy Interpretation¶

# Analyze encryption/compression patterns
binwalk -E -v firmware.bin

# Compare entropy across files
binwalk -E firmware1.bin firmware2.bin

# Entropy analysis with offset
binwalk -E -O 0x1000 firmware.bin

Offset and Length Control¶

Working with Offsets¶

# Start analysis at specific offset
binwalk -O 0x1000 firmware.bin
binwalk -O 4096 firmware.bin

# Analyze specific length
binwalk -L 0x10000 firmware.bin
binwalk -L 65536 firmware.bin

# Combine offset and length
binwalk -O 0x1000 -L 0x5000 firmware.bin

Hexadecimal and Decimal Offsets¶

# Hexadecimal offsets
binwalk -O 0x8000 firmware.bin

# Decimal offsets
binwalk -O 32768 firmware.bin

# Large file analysis
binwalk -O 0x100000 -L 0x200000 firmware.bin

Comparison and Diffing¶

File Comparison¶

# Compare two firmware files
binwalk -W firmware1.bin firmware2.bin

# Show differences only
binwalk -K firmware1.bin firmware2.bin

# Detailed comparison
binwalk -W -v firmware1.bin firmware2.bin

Version Analysis¶

# Compare firmware versions
binwalk -W old_firmware.bin new_firmware.bin

# Identify changes between versions
binwalk -K -B old_fw.bin new_fw.bin

Advanced Analysis Features¶

Disassembly and Code Analysis¶

# Disassemble executable code
binwalk -I firmware.bin

# Architecture-specific analysis
binwalk -A -v firmware.bin

# Show instruction opcodes
binwalk -x firmware.bin

Filesystem Analysis¶

# Identify filesystem types
binwalk -y filesystem firmware.bin

# Extract filesystem structures
binwalk -e -y filesystem firmware.bin

# Analyze filesystem metadata
binwalk -y filesystem -v firmware.bin

Compression Analysis¶

# Analyze compression algorithms
binwalk -z firmware.bin

# Detailed compression information
binwalk -C -v firmware.bin

# Extract compressed data
binwalk -e -C firmware.bin

Plugin System¶

Plugin Management¶

# List available plugins
binwalk --list-plugins

# Use specific plugins
binwalk -% firmware.bin

# Plugin-specific analysis
binwalk --plugin=entropy firmware.bin

Custom Plugins¶

# Load custom plugin
binwalk --plugin-path=/path/to/plugins firmware.bin

# Multiple plugins
binwalk --plugin=plugin1 --plugin=plugin2 firmware.bin

Output and Logging¶

Output Control¶

# Save output to file
binwalk firmware.bin > analysis.txt

# Specify output directory
binwalk -o /tmp/binwalk_output firmware.bin

# Log to specific file
binwalk --log=analysis.log firmware.bin

# CSV output format
binwalk --csv firmware.bin

Formatting Options¶

# JSON output
binwalk --json firmware.bin

# Detailed verbose output
binwalk -v -B -E firmware.bin

# Minimal output
binwalk -q -B firmware.bin

Practical Analysis Workflows¶

Router Firmware Analysis¶

# Complete router firmware analysis
binwalk -Me router_firmware.bin

# Extract filesystem
binwalk -e router_firmware.bin
cd _router_firmware.bin.extracted/

# Analyze extracted files
find . -name "*.bin" -exec binwalk \\\\{\\\\} \;

# Look for configuration files
find . -name "*.conf" -o -name "*.cfg"

IoT Device Analysis¶

# IoT firmware analysis workflow
binwalk -E iot_firmware.bin  # Check entropy
binwalk -B iot_firmware.bin  # Identify signatures
binwalk -Me iot_firmware.bin # Extract everything

# Analyze extracted content
cd _iot_firmware.bin.extracted/
ls -la
file *

# Look for interesting files
find . -name "*.key" -o -name "*.pem" -o -name "passwd"

Embedded System Analysis¶

# Embedded system firmware analysis
binwalk -A embedded_fw.bin  # Architecture analysis
binwalk -I embedded_fw.bin  # Instruction analysis
binwalk -e embedded_fw.bin  # Extract files

# Analyze bootloader
binwalk -O 0x0 -L 0x10000 embedded_fw.bin

# Analyze main firmware
binwalk -O 0x10000 embedded_fw.bin

Forensics and Security Analysis¶

Malware Analysis¶

# Analyze suspicious firmware
binwalk -E suspicious_firmware.bin  # Check for encryption
binwalk -B suspicious_firmware.bin  # Identify file types
binwalk -Me suspicious_firmware.bin # Extract all files

# Look for embedded executables
find _suspicious_firmware.bin.extracted/ -type f -executable

# Analyze entropy patterns
binwalk -E -N suspicious_firmware.bin

Backdoor Detection¶

# Look for hidden files
binwalk -R firmware.bin

# Entropy analysis for hidden data
binwalk -E -v firmware.bin

# Extract and analyze all components
binwalk -Me firmware.bin
grep -r "backdoor\|debug\|telnet" _firmware.bin.extracted/

Cryptographic Analysis¶

# Identify encrypted sections
binwalk -E firmware.bin

# Look for cryptographic signatures
binwalk -B firmware.bin|grep -i "crypt\|key\|cert"

# Extract potential key material
binwalk -D "private key:key" firmware.bin

Integration with Other Tools¶

Combining with Hexdump¶

# Analyze specific offsets found by binwalk
binwalk firmware.bin|grep "JFFS2"
hexdump -C -s 0x40000 -n 512 firmware.bin

Using with Strings¶

# Extract strings from identified sections
binwalk -e firmware.bin
strings _firmware.bin.extracted/*|grep -i "password\|key\|admin"

Integration with File Command¶

# Verify binwalk findings
binwalk -e firmware.bin
cd _firmware.bin.extracted/
for f in *; do echo "=== $f ==="; file "$f"; done

Automation and Scripting¶

Batch Analysis Script¶

#!/bin/bash
# Automated firmware analysis script

FIRMWARE_DIR="$1"
OUTPUT_DIR="analysis_results_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"

mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"

for firmware in "$FIRMWARE_DIR"/*.bin; do
    echo "Analyzing: $firmware"
    base_name=$(basename "$firmware" .bin)

    # Basic analysis
    binwalk "$firmware" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/$\\\\{base_name\\\\}_analysis.txt"

    # Entropy analysis
    binwalk -E "$firmware" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/$\\\\{base_name\\\\}_entropy.txt"

    # Extract files
    binwalk -Me "$firmware" -C "$OUTPUT_DIR"

    echo "Completed: $firmware"
done

echo "Analysis completed. Results in $OUTPUT_DIR"

Continuous Monitoring¶

#!/bin/bash
# Monitor directory for new firmware files

WATCH_DIR="/path/to/firmware/uploads"
ANALYSIS_DIR="/path/to/analysis/results"

inotifywait -m -e create "$WATCH_DIR" --format '%f'|while read filename; do
    if [[ "$filename" == *.bin ]]; then
        echo "New firmware detected: $filename"

        # Wait for file to be completely uploaded
        sleep 5

        # Analyze the firmware
        binwalk -Me "$WATCH_DIR/$filename" -C "$ANALYSIS_DIR"

        # Generate report
        binwalk "$WATCH_DIR/$filename" > "$ANALYSIS_DIR/$\\\\{filename\\\\}_report.txt"

        echo "Analysis completed for: $filename"
    fi
done

Performance Optimization¶

Large File Handling¶

# Analyze large firmware files efficiently
binwalk -q -B large_firmware.bin

# Use specific offsets for large files
binwalk -O 0x100000 -L 0x100000 large_firmware.bin

# Parallel analysis of multiple files
parallel binwalk \\\\{\\\\} ::: *.bin

Memory Management¶

# Limit memory usage for large extractions
binwalk -e -M 100000000 firmware.bin  # Limit to 100MB

# Process files in chunks
split -b 50M large_firmware.bin chunk_
for chunk in chunk_*; do binwalk "$chunk"; done

Troubleshooting Common Issues¶

Extraction Problems¶

# Debug extraction issues
binwalk -e -v firmware.bin

# Force extraction with dd
binwalk --dd=".*" firmware.bin

# Check extraction dependencies
binwalk --list-plugins

Signature Recognition Issues¶

# Update signature database
binwalk --update

# Use verbose mode for debugging
binwalk -v -B firmware.bin

# Try different signature files
binwalk -f /usr/share/binwalk/magic/* firmware.bin

Performance Issues¶

# Use faster analysis options
binwalk -q -B firmware.bin

# Skip entropy analysis for speed
binwalk -B firmware.bin

# Analyze specific sections only
binwalk -O 0x10000 -L 0x50000 firmware.bin

Security Considerations¶

Safe Analysis Environment¶

# Analyze in isolated environment
docker run -v $(pwd):/data -it binwalk_container binwalk /data/firmware.bin

# Use virtual machine for analysis
# Always analyze suspicious firmware in isolated environment

Handling Malicious Firmware¶

# Analyze without extraction (safer)
binwalk -B suspicious_firmware.bin

# Limited extraction
binwalk -e -d 1 suspicious_firmware.bin

# Monitor system during analysis
# Use process monitoring tools

Fortgeschrittene Anwendungsfälle¶

Firmware-Modifikationserkennung¶

# Compare original and modified firmware
binwalk -W original_firmware.bin modified_firmware.bin

# Identify injection points
binwalk -K original_firmware.bin modified_firmware.bin

# Analyze differences
binwalk -e original_firmware.bin
binwalk -e modified_firmware.bin
diff -r _original_firmware.bin.extracted/ _modified_firmware.bin.extracted/

Lieferketten-Analyse¶

# Analyze firmware from different vendors
for vendor_fw in vendor_*.bin; do
    echo "=== Analyzing $vendor_fw ==="
    binwalk -B "$vendor_fw"
    echo
done

# Compare firmware versions
binwalk -W firmware_v1.bin firmware_v2.bin

Forschung und Entwicklung¶

# Extract and analyze bootloaders
binwalk -O 0x0 -L 0x10000 firmware.bin

# Analyze update mechanisms
binwalk -B firmware.bin|grep -i "update\|upgrade"

# Study compression algorithms
binwalk -C -v firmware.bin