Hg

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Comprehensive hg commands and workflows for system administration across all platforms.

Basic Commands

Command	Description
hg --version	Show hg version
hg --help	Display help information
hg init	Initialize hg in current directory
hg status	Check current status
hg list	List available options
hg info	Display system information
hg config	Show configuration settings
hg update	Update to latest version
hg start	Start hg service
hg stop	Stop hg service
hg restart	Restart hg service
hg reload	Reload configuration

Installation

Linux/Ubuntu

# Package manager installation
sudo apt update
sudo apt install hg

# Alternative installation
wget https://github.com/example/hg/releases/latest/download/hg-linux
chmod +x hg-linux
sudo mv hg-linux /usr/local/bin/hg

# Build from source
git clone https://github.com/example/hg.git
cd hg
make && sudo make install

macOS

# Homebrew installation
brew install hg

# MacPorts installation
sudo port install hg

# Manual installation
curl -L -o hg https://github.com/example/hg/releases/latest/download/hg-macos
chmod +x hg
sudo mv hg /usr/local/bin/

Windows

# Chocolatey installation
choco install hg

# Scoop installation
scoop install hg

# Winget installation
winget install hg

# Manual installation
# Download from https://github.com/example/hg/releases
# Extract and add to PATH

Configuration

Command	Description
hg config show	Display current configuration
hg config list	List all configuration options
hg config set <key> <value>	Set configuration value
hg config get <key>	Get configuration value
hg config unset <key>	Remove configuration value
hg config reset	Reset to default configuration
hg config validate	Validate configuration file
hg config export	Export configuration to file

Advanced Operations

File Operations

# Create new file/resource
hg create <name>

# Read file/resource
hg read <name>

# Update existing file/resource
hg update <name>

# Delete file/resource
hg delete <name>

# Copy file/resource
hg copy <source> <destination>

# Move file/resource
hg move <source> <destination>

# List all files/resources
hg list --all

# Search for files/resources
hg search <pattern>

Network Operations

# Connect to remote host
hg connect <host>:<port>

# Listen on specific port
hg listen --port <port>

# Send data to target
hg send --target <host> --data "<data>"

# Receive data from source
hg receive --source <host>

# Test connectivity
hg ping <host>

# Scan network range
hg scan <network>

# Monitor network traffic
hg monitor --interface <interface>

# Proxy connections
hg proxy --listen <port> --target <host>:<port>

Process Management

# Start background process
hg start --daemon

# Stop running process
hg stop --force

# Restart with new configuration
hg restart --config <file>

# Check process status
hg status --verbose

# Monitor process performance
hg monitor --metrics

# Kill all processes
hg killall

# Show running processes
hg ps

# Manage process priority
hg priority --pid <pid> --level <level>

Security Features

Authentication

# Login with username/password
hg login --user <username>

# Login with API key
hg login --api-key <key>

# Login with certificate
hg login --cert <cert_file>

# Logout current session
hg logout

# Change password
hg passwd

# Generate new API key
hg generate-key --name <key_name>

# List active sessions
hg sessions

# Revoke session
hg revoke --session <session_id>

Encryption

# Encrypt file
hg encrypt --input <file> --output <encrypted_file>

# Decrypt file
hg decrypt --input <encrypted_file> --output <file>

# Generate encryption key
hg keygen --type <type> --size <size>

# Sign file
hg sign --input <file> --key <private_key>

# Verify signature
hg verify --input <file> --signature <sig_file>

# Hash file
hg hash --algorithm <algo> --input <file>

# Generate certificate
hg cert generate --name <name> --days <days>

# Verify certificate
hg cert verify --cert <cert_file>

Monitoring and Logging

System Monitoring

# Monitor system resources
hg monitor --system

# Monitor specific process
hg monitor --pid <pid>

# Monitor network activity
hg monitor --network

# Monitor file changes
hg monitor --files <directory>

# Real-time monitoring
hg monitor --real-time --interval 1

# Generate monitoring report
hg report --type monitoring --output <file>

# Set monitoring alerts
hg alert --threshold <value> --action <action>

# View monitoring history
hg history --type monitoring

Logging

# View logs
hg logs

# View logs with filter
hg logs --filter <pattern>

# Follow logs in real-time
hg logs --follow

# Set log level
hg logs --level <level>

# Rotate logs
hg logs --rotate

# Export logs
hg logs --export <file>

# Clear logs
hg logs --clear

# Archive logs
hg logs --archive <archive_file>

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Issue: Command not found

# Check if hg is installed
which hg
hg --version

# Check PATH variable
echo $PATH

# Reinstall if necessary
sudo apt reinstall hg
# or
brew reinstall hg

Issue: Permission denied

# Run with elevated privileges
sudo hg <command>

# Check file permissions
ls -la $(which hg)

# Fix permissions
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/hg

# Check ownership
sudo chown $USER:$USER /usr/local/bin/hg

Issue: Configuration errors

# Validate configuration
hg config validate

# Reset to default configuration
hg config reset

# Check configuration file location
hg config show --file

# Backup current configuration
hg config export > backup.conf

# Restore from backup
hg config import backup.conf

Issue: Service not starting

# Check service status
hg status --detailed

# Check system logs
journalctl -u hg

# Start in debug mode
hg start --debug

# Check port availability
netstat -tulpn|grep <port>

# Kill conflicting processes
hg killall --force

Debug Commands

Command	Description
hg --debug	Enable debug output
hg --verbose	Enable verbose logging
hg --trace	Enable trace logging
hg test	Run built-in tests
hg doctor	Run system health check
hg diagnose	Generate diagnostic report
hg benchmark	Run performance benchmarks
hg validate	Validate installation and configuration

Performance Optimization

Resource Management

# Set memory limit
hg --max-memory 1G <command>

# Set CPU limit
hg --max-cpu 2 <command>

# Enable caching
hg --cache-enabled <command>

# Set cache size
hg --cache-size 100M <command>

# Clear cache
hg cache clear

# Show cache statistics
hg cache stats

# Optimize performance
hg optimize --profile <profile>

# Show performance metrics
hg metrics

Parallel Processing

# Enable parallel processing
hg --parallel <command>

# Set number of workers
hg --workers 4 <command>

# Process in batches
hg --batch-size 100 <command>

# Queue management
hg queue add <item>
hg queue process
hg queue status
hg queue clear

Integration

Scripting

#!/bin/bash
# Example script using hg

set -euo pipefail

# Configuration
CONFIG_FILE="config.yaml"
LOG_FILE="hg.log"

# Check if hg is available
if ! command -v hg &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: hg is not installed" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Function to log messages
log() \\\\{
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1"|tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
\\\\}

# Main operation
main() \\\\{
    log "Starting hg operation"

    if hg --config "$CONFIG_FILE" run; then
        log "Operation completed successfully"
        exit 0
    else
        log "Operation failed with exit code $?"
        exit 1
    fi
\\\\}

# Cleanup function
cleanup() \\\\{
    log "Cleaning up"
    hg cleanup
\\\\}

# Set trap for cleanup
trap cleanup EXIT

# Run main function
main "$@"

API Integration

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Python wrapper for the tool
"""

import subprocess
import json
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional

class ToolWrapper:
    def __init__(self, config_file: Optional[str] = None):
        self.config_file = config_file
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def run_command(self, args: List[str]) -> Dict:
        """Run command and return parsed output"""
        cmd = ['tool_name']

        if self.config_file:
            cmd.extend(['--config', self.config_file])

        cmd.extend(args)

        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                cmd,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                check=True
            )
            return \\\\{'stdout': result.stdout, 'stderr': result.stderr\\\\}
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Command failed: \\\\{e\\\\}")
            raise

    def status(self) -> Dict:
        """Get current status"""
        return self.run_command(['status'])

    def start(self) -> Dict:
        """Start service"""
        return self.run_command(['start'])

    def stop(self) -> Dict:
        """Stop service"""
        return self.run_command(['stop'])

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    wrapper = ToolWrapper()
    status = wrapper.status()
    print(json.dumps(status, indent=2))

Environment Variables

Variable	Description	Default
HG_CONFIG	Configuration file path	~/.hg/config.yaml
HG_HOME	Home directory	~/.hg
HG_LOG_LEVEL	Logging level	INFO
HG_LOG_FILE	Log file path	~/.hg/logs/hg.log
HG_CACHE_DIR	Cache directory	~/.hg/cache
HG_DATA_DIR	Data directory	~/.hg/data
HG_TIMEOUT	Default timeout	30s
HG_MAX_WORKERS	Maximum workers	4

Configuration File

# ~/.hg/config.yaml
version: "1.0"

# General settings
settings:
  debug: false
  verbose: false
  log_level: "INFO"
  log_file: "~/.hg/logs/hg.log"
  timeout: 30
  max_workers: 4

# Network configuration
network:
  host: "localhost"
  port: 8080
  ssl: true
  timeout: 30
  retries: 3

# Security settings
security:
  auth_required: true
  api_key: ""
  encryption: "AES256"
  verify_ssl: true

# Performance settings
performance:
  cache_enabled: true
  cache_size: "100M"
  cache_dir: "~/.hg/cache"
  max_memory: "1G"

# Monitoring settings
monitoring:
  enabled: true
  interval: 60
  metrics_enabled: true
  alerts_enabled: true

Examples

Basic Workflow

# 1. Initialize hg
hg init

# 2. Configure basic settings
hg config set host example.com
hg config set port 8080

# 3. Start service
hg start

# 4. Check status
hg status

# 5. Perform operations
hg run --target example.com

# 6. View results
hg results

# 7. Stop service
hg stop

Advanced Workflow

# Comprehensive operation with monitoring
hg run \
  --config production.yaml \
  --parallel \
  --workers 8 \
  --verbose \
  --timeout 300 \
  --output json \
  --log-file operation.log

# Monitor in real-time
hg monitor --real-time --interval 5

# Generate report
hg report --type comprehensive --output report.html

Automation Example

#!/bin/bash
# Automated hg workflow

# Configuration
TARGETS_FILE="targets.txt"
RESULTS_DIR="results/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"
CONFIG_FILE="automation.yaml"

# Create results directory
mkdir -p "$RESULTS_DIR"

# Process each target
while IFS= read -r target; do
    echo "Processing $target..."

    hg \
        --config "$CONFIG_FILE" \
        --output json \
        --output-file "$RESULTS_DIR/$\\\\{target\\\\}.json" \
        run "$target"

done < "$TARGETS_FILE"

# Generate summary report
hg report summary \
    --input "$RESULTS_DIR/*.json" \
    --output "$RESULTS_DIR/summary.html"

Best Practices

Security

• Always verify checksums when downloading binaries
• Use strong authentication methods (API keys, certificates)
• Regularly update to the latest version
• Follow principle of least privilege
• Enable audit logging for compliance
• Use encrypted connections when possible
• Validate all inputs and configurations
• Implement proper access controls

Performance

• Use appropriate resource limits for your environment
• Monitor system performance regularly
• Optimize configuration for your use case
• Use parallel processing when beneficial
• Implement proper caching strategies
• Regular maintenance and cleanup
• Profile performance bottlenecks
• Use efficient algorithms and data structures

Operational

• Maintain comprehensive documentation
• Implement proper backup strategies
• Use version control for configurations
• Monitor and alert on critical metrics
• Implement proper error handling
• Use automation for repetitive tasks
• Regular security audits and updates
• Plan for disaster recovery

Development

• Follow coding standards and conventions
• Write comprehensive tests
• Use continuous integration/deployment
• Implement proper logging and monitoring
• Document APIs and interfaces
• Use version control effectively
• Review code regularly
• Maintain backward compatibility

Resources

Official Documentation

• Official Website
• Documentation
• API Reference
• Installation Guide
• Configuration Reference

Community Resources

• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• Community Forum
• Discord Server
• Reddit Community
• Stack Overflow

Learning Resources

• Getting Started Guide
• Tutorial Series
• Best Practices Guide
• Video Tutorials
• Training Courses
• Certification Program

Related Tools

• Git - Complementary functionality
• Docker - Alternative solution
• Kubernetes - Integration partner

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Last updated: 2025-07-06|Edit on GitHub